scholarly journals Maternal Vitamin C and Iron Intake during Pregnancy and the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Birth Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 928
Author(s):  
Markus Mattila ◽  
Leena Hakola ◽  
Sari Niinistö ◽  
Heli Tapanainen ◽  
Hanna-Mari Takkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Islet Autoimmunity ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Prediction And Prevention

Our aim was to study the associations between maternal vitamin C and iron intake during pregnancy and the offspring’s risk of developing islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. The study was a part of the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) prospective birth cohort including children genetically at risk of type 1 diabetes born between 1997–2004. The diets of 4879 mothers in late pregnancy were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. The outcomes were islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for energy, family history of diabetes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype and sex was used for statistical analyses. Total intake of vitamin C or iron from food and supplements was not associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity (vitamin C: HR 0.91: 95% CI (0.80, 1.03), iron: 0.98 (0.87, 1.10)) or type 1 diabetes (vitamin C: 1.01 (0.87, 1.17), iron: 0.92 (0.78, 1.08)), neither was the use of vitamin C or iron supplements associated with the outcomes. In conclusion, no association was found between maternal vitamin C or iron intake during pregnancy and the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in the offspring.

scholarly journals Maternal Nitrate and Nitrite Intakes during Pregnancy and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes: The DIPP Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (11) ◽  
pp. 2969-2976
Author(s):  
Markus Mattila ◽  
Sari Niinistö ◽  
Hanna-Mari Takkinen ◽  
Heli Tapanainen ◽  
Heli Reinivuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Islet Autoimmunity ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Maternal Dietary Intake

ABSTRACT Background High dietary intake of nitrate and nitrite might increase the risk of type 1 diabetes. To our knowledge, no earlier prospective study has explored whether maternal dietary intake of nitrate and nitrite during pregnancy is associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring. Objective Our aim was to study association between maternal intake of nitrate and nitrite during pregnancy and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in the offspring. Design Children born between 1997 and 2004 at Oulu and Tampere University Hospitals in Finland and carrying increased human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–conferred risk for type 1 diabetes were followed in the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study from 3 mo of age. Islet autoantibodies were screened at 3- to 12-mo intervals from serum samples. Of 4879 children, 312 developed islet autoimmunity and 178 developed type 1 diabetes during a 15-y follow-up. Maternal intake of nitrate and nitrite during the eighth month of pregnancy was assessed after birth using a validated self-administered FFQ. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for the statistical analyses. Results Maternal intake of nitrate and nitrite during pregnancy was not associated with the child's risk of islet autoimmunity [nitrate: HR 0.99 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.11); nitrite: HR 1.03 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.15)] or type 1 diabetes [nitrate: HR 1.02 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.17); nitrite: HR 0.97 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.12)] when adjusted for energy (residual method), sex, HLA risk group, and family history of diabetes. Further adjustment for dietary antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium) did not change the results. Conclusion Maternal dietary intake of nitrate or nitrite during pregnancy is not associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in the offspring genetically at risk for type 1 diabetes.

scholarly journals Plasma ascorbic acid and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the TEDDY study

Diabetologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Mattila ◽  
◽  
Iris Erlund ◽  
Hye-Seung Lee ◽  
Sari Niinistö ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Islet Autoimmunity ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control

Abstract Aims/hypothesis We studied the association of plasma ascorbic acid with the risk of developing islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes and examined whether SNPs in vitamin C transport genes modify these associations. Furthermore, we aimed to determine whether the SNPs themselves are associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes. Methods We used a risk set sampled nested case–control design within an ongoing international multicentre observational study: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY). The TEDDY study followed children with increased genetic risk from birth to endpoints of islet autoantibodies (350 cases, 974 controls) and type 1 diabetes (102 cases, 282 controls) in six clinical centres. Control participants were matched for family history of type 1 diabetes, clinical centre and sex. Plasma ascorbic acid concentration was measured at ages 6 and 12 months and then annually up to age 6 years. SNPs in vitamin C transport genes were genotyped using the ImmunoChip custom microarray. Comparisons were adjusted for HLA genotypes and for background population stratification. Results Childhood plasma ascorbic acid (mean ± SD 10.76 ± 3.54 mg/l in controls) was inversely associated with islet autoimmunity risk (adjusted OR 0.96 [95% CI 0.92, 0.99] per +1 mg/l), particularly islet autoimmunity, starting with insulin autoantibodies (OR 0.94 [95% CI 0.88, 0.99]), but not with type 1 diabetes risk (OR 0.93 [95% Cl 0.86, 1.02]). The SLC2A2 rs5400 SNP was associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes (OR 1.77 [95% CI 1.12, 2.80]), independent of plasma ascorbic acid (OR 0.92 [95% CI 0.84, 1.00]). Conclusions/interpretation Higher plasma ascorbic acid levels may protect against islet autoimmunity in children genetically at risk for type 1 diabetes. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings. Data availability The datasets generated and analysed during the current study will be made available in the NIDDK Central Repository at https://www.niddkrepository.org/studies/teddy.

scholarly journals Antibiotic treatment during early childhood and risk of type 1 diabetes in children: A national birth cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1457-1464
Author(s):  
Julie Christine Antvorskov ◽  
Camilla Schmidt Morgen ◽  
Karsten Buschard ◽  
Tine Jess ◽  
Kristine Højgaard Allin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Birth Cohort Study

scholarly journals Sociodemographic determinants of early weaning: a Finnish birth cohort study in infants with human leucocyte antigen-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maijaliisa Erkkola ◽  
Maija Salmenhaara ◽  
Bright I Nwaru ◽  
Liisa Uusitalo ◽  
Carina Kronberg-Kippilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the most important sociodemographic determinants of age at introduction of complementary foods in infancy.DesignA prospective birth cohort with increased risk of type 1 diabetes, recruited between 1996 and 2004. The families completed at home a follow-up form on the age at introduction of new foods and, for each clinic visit, a structured dietary questionnaire with 3 d food records.SettingData from the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Project, Finland.SubjectsA cohort of 5991 infants (77 % of those invited) belonging to the DIPP Nutrition Study.ResultsSixty-three per cent of the infants were introduced to complementary foods, including infant formula, before the age of 4 months. The median age at introduction of infant formula was 1·5 months (range 0–18 months) and that of the first other complementary food 3·5 months (range 0·7–8 months). All sociodemographic and lifestyle factors studied were associated with the age at introduction of infant formula and/or first other complementary food. Female sex of the infant, being born in the southern region of Finland, living in a rural municipality, the presence of siblings, the mother or the father being a high-school graduate, high maternal professional education and maternal non-smoking during pregnancy predicted later introduction of complementary foods.ConclusionsCompliance was relatively poor with the current recommendations for the age of introducing complementary foods. Small-sized young families with less well-educated parents were most prone to introduce complementary foods early.

Is Diabetes Associated with Lower Vitamin C Status in Pregnant Women? A Prospective Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Juhl ◽  
Finn Friis Lauszus ◽  
Jens Lykkesfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Lower Vitamin ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Abstract.Few studies have examined how vitamin C status is affected in diabetic pregnancy and no comparison between normal and diabetic pregnancies has been found. This study evaluated vitamin C status prospectively during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (n=76), in non-diabetic women (n=60), and in their respective neonates. Vitamin C was lower in diabetic women throughout all trimesters compared to controls (p<0.01). Repeated measurements analysis showed significant differences between diabetic and non-diabetic women; also when adjusted for birth weight ratio and age. In non-diabetic women, vitamin C levels were lower in 3rd trimester compared to 1st and 2nd trimester (both p<0.05). Poor vitamin C status - defined as a plasma concentration <23µM - was found in 51% and 12% of the diabetic and nondiabetic women, respectively, at some stage during pregnancy. Umbilical cord vitamin C levels were higher than in the diabetic as well as in the non-diabetic mothers (p<0.01). The umbilical vitamin C was two to three times higher than maternal vitamin C. In conclusion, our results suggests that vitamin C status is lower in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, while no effect on vitamin C status was observed in the neonates of diabetic women based on umbilical measurements.

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