Is Diabetes Associated with Lower Vitamin C Status in Pregnant Women?                     A Prospective Study

Abstract.Few studies have examined how vitamin C status is affected in diabetic pregnancy and no comparison between normal and diabetic pregnancies has been found. This study evaluated vitamin C status prospectively during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (n=76), in non-diabetic women (n=60), and in their respective neonates. Vitamin C was lower in diabetic women throughout all trimesters compared to controls (p<0.01). Repeated measurements analysis showed significant differences between diabetic and non-diabetic women; also when adjusted for birth weight ratio and age. In non-diabetic women, vitamin C levels were lower in 3rd trimester compared to 1st and 2nd trimester (both p<0.05). Poor vitamin C status - defined as a plasma concentration <23µM - was found in 51% and 12% of the diabetic and nondiabetic women, respectively, at some stage during pregnancy. Umbilical cord vitamin C levels were higher than in the diabetic as well as in the non-diabetic mothers (p<0.01). The umbilical vitamin C was two to three times higher than maternal vitamin C. In conclusion, our results suggests that vitamin C status is lower in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, while no effect on vitamin C status was observed in the neonates of diabetic women based on umbilical measurements.

Download Full-text

Maternal Vitamin C and Iron Intake during Pregnancy and the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Birth Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030928 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 928

Author(s):

Markus Mattila ◽

Leena Hakola ◽

Sari Niinistö ◽

Heli Tapanainen ◽

Hanna-Mari Takkinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Islet Autoimmunity ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Iron Intake ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Prediction And Prevention

Our aim was to study the associations between maternal vitamin C and iron intake during pregnancy and the offspring’s risk of developing islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. The study was a part of the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) prospective birth cohort including children genetically at risk of type 1 diabetes born between 1997–2004. The diets of 4879 mothers in late pregnancy were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. The outcomes were islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for energy, family history of diabetes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype and sex was used for statistical analyses. Total intake of vitamin C or iron from food and supplements was not associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity (vitamin C: HR 0.91: 95% CI (0.80, 1.03), iron: 0.98 (0.87, 1.10)) or type 1 diabetes (vitamin C: 1.01 (0.87, 1.17), iron: 0.92 (0.78, 1.08)), neither was the use of vitamin C or iron supplements associated with the outcomes. In conclusion, no association was found between maternal vitamin C or iron intake during pregnancy and the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in the offspring.

Download Full-text

Placental antioxidant enzyme status and lipid peroxidation in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: The effect of vitamin C and E supplementation

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications ◽

10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.10.001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 109-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Philip C. Johnston ◽

David R. McCance ◽

Valerie A. Holmes ◽

Ian S. Young ◽

Ann McGinty

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme

Download Full-text

SUN-632 The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Pregnancy in Type 1 Diabetes

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Evgenia Kolpakova ◽

Liudmila Ibragimova ◽

Olga Derevyanko ◽

Magomed Ragimov ◽

Fatima Bostanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Control Group ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Hba1c Levels

Abstract Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may not only impair maternal skeletal preservation and fetal skeletal formation but also influence fetal “imprinting” that may affect chronic disease susceptibility soon after birth as well as later in life. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to multiple adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancy including; pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, low birth weight, bacterial vaginosis, pre-term delivery and caesarean section. Aim: to assess 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) concentrations in women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) during pregnancy, post-delivery and also foetal (cord blood) 25OHD concentrations and to examine relationships between these. The second aim of the study to examine potential relationships between maternal 25OHD and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) throughout pregnancy. Materials and methods: This was an observational study of 42 pregnant controls without diabetes and 39 pregnant women with T1DM. Maternal serum 25OHD was measured serially throughout the pregnancy and post-delivery. Cord blood 25OHD was measured at delivery. 25OHD was measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). HbA1c was measured serially throughout the pregnancy. Control and T1DM groups were not significantly different in age or number of previous miscarriages. As expected, the T1DM group exhibited significantly higher HbA1c levels, and also had significantly increased incidence of preeclampsia (2 of 42 cases (4,8%) in control group and 5 of 39 cases in T1DM group (12,8%)) (p= 0,03). Delivery gestational age was significantly lower for babies born to mothers with T1DM (39,6±1,4 weeks in control group and 37,6±2,1 in T1DM group (p= 0,001). Vitamin D deficiency, defined as 25OHD levels,25 nmol/L, was apparent in both the control and the T1DM groups across the entire pregnancy. Greater than 90% of pregnant women were classified as insufficient at each time-point, regardless of whether they had T1DM or not. This meant that 10% of this pregnant population were at a sufficient level at some point throughout pregnancy. Similar to maternal vitamin D levels, the neonates had a high incidence of 25OHD deficiency at birth. Also were shown correlations between cord blood and maternal vitamin D. Maternal 25OHD correlated positively with cord 25OHD at all 3 trimesters in the T1DM group. Conclusions: in T1DM pregnancy, low vitamin D levels persist throughout gestation and post-delivery; maternal vitamin D levels exhibit a significant negative relationship with HbA1c levels, supporting a potential role for this vitamin in maintaining glycaemic control; larger studies investigating whether low vitamin D levels are a risk factor for preterm delivery and preeclampsia in women with diabetes are needed.

Download Full-text