Maternal Nitrate and Nitrite Intakes during Pregnancy and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes: The DIPP Cohort Study

ABSTRACT Background High dietary intake of nitrate and nitrite might increase the risk of type 1 diabetes. To our knowledge, no earlier prospective study has explored whether maternal dietary intake of nitrate and nitrite during pregnancy is associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring. Objective Our aim was to study association between maternal intake of nitrate and nitrite during pregnancy and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in the offspring. Design Children born between 1997 and 2004 at Oulu and Tampere University Hospitals in Finland and carrying increased human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–conferred risk for type 1 diabetes were followed in the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study from 3 mo of age. Islet autoantibodies were screened at 3- to 12-mo intervals from serum samples. Of 4879 children, 312 developed islet autoimmunity and 178 developed type 1 diabetes during a 15-y follow-up. Maternal intake of nitrate and nitrite during the eighth month of pregnancy was assessed after birth using a validated self-administered FFQ. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for the statistical analyses. Results Maternal intake of nitrate and nitrite during pregnancy was not associated with the child's risk of islet autoimmunity [nitrate: HR 0.99 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.11); nitrite: HR 1.03 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.15)] or type 1 diabetes [nitrate: HR 1.02 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.17); nitrite: HR 0.97 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.12)] when adjusted for energy (residual method), sex, HLA risk group, and family history of diabetes. Further adjustment for dietary antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium) did not change the results. Conclusion Maternal dietary intake of nitrate or nitrite during pregnancy is not associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in the offspring genetically at risk for type 1 diabetes.

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Maternal Vitamin C and Iron Intake during Pregnancy and the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Birth Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030928 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 928

Author(s):

Markus Mattila ◽

Leena Hakola ◽

Sari Niinistö ◽

Heli Tapanainen ◽

Hanna-Mari Takkinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Islet Autoimmunity ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Iron Intake ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Prediction And Prevention

Our aim was to study the associations between maternal vitamin C and iron intake during pregnancy and the offspring’s risk of developing islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. The study was a part of the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) prospective birth cohort including children genetically at risk of type 1 diabetes born between 1997–2004. The diets of 4879 mothers in late pregnancy were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. The outcomes were islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for energy, family history of diabetes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype and sex was used for statistical analyses. Total intake of vitamin C or iron from food and supplements was not associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity (vitamin C: HR 0.91: 95% CI (0.80, 1.03), iron: 0.98 (0.87, 1.10)) or type 1 diabetes (vitamin C: 1.01 (0.87, 1.17), iron: 0.92 (0.78, 1.08)), neither was the use of vitamin C or iron supplements associated with the outcomes. In conclusion, no association was found between maternal vitamin C or iron intake during pregnancy and the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in the offspring.

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Maternal dietary fatty acid intake during pregnancy and the risk of preclinical and clinical type 1 diabetes in the offspring

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114513003073 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 111 (5) ◽

pp. 895-903 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sari Niinistö ◽

Hanna-Mari Takkinen ◽

Liisa Uusitalo ◽

Jenna Rautanen ◽

Jaakko Nevalainen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Fatty Acid Intake ◽

Acid Intake ◽

Sour Milk ◽

Clinical Type ◽

Prediction And Prevention ◽

Increased Risk

The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between the maternal intake of fatty acids during pregnancy and the risk of preclinical and clinical type 1 diabetes in the offspring. The study included 4887 children with human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-conferred type 1 diabetes susceptibility born during the years 1997–2004 from the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study. Maternal diet was assessed with a validated FFQ. The offspring were observed at 3- to 12-month intervals for the appearance of type 1 diabetes-associated autoantibodies and development of clinical type 1 diabetes (average follow-up period: 4·6 years (range 0·5–11·5 years)). Altogether, 240 children developed preclinical type 1 diabetes and 112 children developed clinical type 1 diabetes. Piecewise linear log-hazard survival model and Cox proportional-hazards regression were used for statistical analyses. The maternal intake of palmitic acid (hazard ratio (HR) 0·82, 95 % CI 0·67, 0·99) and high consumption of cheese during pregnancy (highest quarter v. intermediate half HR 0·52, 95 % CI 0·31, 0·87) were associated with a decreased risk of clinical type 1 diabetes. The consumption of sour milk products (HR 1·14, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·28), intake of protein from sour milk (HR 1·15, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·29) and intake of fat from fresh milk (HR 1·43, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·96) were associated with an increased risk of preclinical type 1 diabetes, and the intake of low-fat margarines (HR 0·67, 95 % CI 0·49, 0·92) was associated with a decreased risk. No conclusive associations between maternal fatty acid intake or food consumption during pregnancy and the development of type 1 diabetes in the offspring were detected.

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Transcriptional networks in at-risk individuals identify signatures of type 1 diabetes progression

Science Translational Medicine ◽

10.1126/scitranslmed.abd5666 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (587) ◽

pp. eabd5666

Author(s):

Louis-Pascal Xhonneux ◽

Oliver Knight ◽

Åke Lernmark ◽

Ezio Bonifacio ◽

William A. Hagopian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Killer Cell ◽

Predictive Performance ◽

Islet Autoimmunity ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Transcriptional Networks ◽

Prediction And Prevention

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease of insulin deficiency that results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet β cells. The exact cause of T1D remains unknown, although asymptomatic islet autoimmunity lasting from weeks to years before diagnosis raises the possibility of intervention before the onset of clinical disease. The number, type, and titer of islet autoantibodies are associated with long-term disease risk but do not cause disease, and robust early predictors of individual progression to T1D onset remain elusive. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) consortium is a prospective cohort study aiming to determine genetic and environmental interactions causing T1D. Here, we analyzed longitudinal blood transcriptomes of 2013 samples from 400 individuals in the TEDDY study before both T1D and islet autoimmunity. We identified and interpreted age-associated gene expression changes in healthy infancy and age-independent changes tracking with progression to both T1D and islet autoimmunity, beginning before other evidence of islet autoimmunity was present. We combined multivariate longitudinal data in a Bayesian joint model to predict individual risk of T1D onset and validated the association of a natural killer cell signature with progression and the model’s predictive performance on an additional 356 samples from 56 individuals in the independent Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention study. Together, our results indicate that T1D is characterized by early and longitudinal changes in gene expression, informing the immunopathology of disease progression and facilitating prediction of its course.

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Dynamics of Plasma Lipidome in Progression to Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes – Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study (DIPP)

10.1101/294033 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Santosh Lamichhane ◽

Linda Ahonen ◽

Thomas Sparholt Dyrlund ◽

Esko Kemppainen ◽

Heli Siljander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetes Type ◽

Islet Autoimmunity ◽

Islet Autoantibody ◽

Prevention Study ◽

At Risk Children ◽

Prediction And Prevention ◽

Diabetes Prediction

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases among children in Western countries. Earlier metabolomics studies suggest that T1D is preceded by dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Here we used a lipidomics approach to analyze molecular lipids in a prospective series of 428 plasma samples from 40 children who progressed to T1D (PT1D), 40 children who developed at least a single islet autoantibody but did not progress to T1D during the follow-up (P1Ab) and 40 matched controls (CTR). Sphingomyelins were found to be persistently downregulated in PT1D when compared to the P1Ab and CTR groups. Triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines were mainly downregulated in PT1D as compared to P1Ab at the age of 3 months. Our study suggests that children who progressed to islet autoimmunity or overt T1D are characterized by distinct lipidomic signatures, which may be helpful in the identification of at-risk children before the initiation of autoimmunity.

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Dynamics of Plasma Lipidome in Progression to Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes – Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study (DIPP)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-018-28907-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Santosh Lamichhane ◽

Linda Ahonen ◽

Thomas Sparholt Dyrlund ◽

Esko Kemppainen ◽

Heli Siljander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetes Type ◽

Islet Autoimmunity ◽

Diabetes Type 1 ◽

Prevention Study ◽

Prediction And Prevention ◽

Diabetes Prediction

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Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics are associated with antioxidant intake and the consumption of their dietary sources during pregnancy

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980008003522 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1379-1388 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Liisa Uusitalo ◽

Ulla Uusitalo ◽

Marja-Leena Ovaskainen ◽

Sari Niinistö ◽

Carina Kronberg-Kippilä ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Population Based ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Academic Education ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Prediction And Prevention ◽

Antioxidant Intake ◽

Nutrition Study

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the associations of selected sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with the intake of antioxidant nutrients and consumption of their main dietary sources among pregnant women.DesignA population-based cohort study. Dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed by a self-administered FFQ one to three months after the delivery.SettingType 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Project.SubjectsSubjects comprised 3730 women (70·1 % of those invited) who entered the DIPP Nutrition Study after delivering a child at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes at the university hospitals in Oulu and Tampere, Finland, 1997–2002.ResultsAll sociodemographic and lifestyle factors studied showed significant associations with antioxidant intake in multiple regression models adjusting for all other factors. Older and more educated women tended to have higher intake of most antioxidants. Parity was positively associated with retinol intake and inversely with vitamin C intake. Smokers had lower intakes of most antioxidants. Only the partner’s education was positively associated with high intake of fruits, whereas own education was positively associated with berry consumption. Vegetable consumption was positively associated with partner’s education except for women with academic education, who tended to have high vegetable consumption irrespective of partner’s education.ConclusionsYoung women, smokers and those with a low education are at risk for low antioxidant intake and non-optimal food choices during pregnancy.

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