scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency among Young South African Infants: A Birth Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1500
Author(s):  
Jabulani R. Ncayiyana ◽  
Leonardo Martinez ◽  
Elizabeth Goddard ◽  
Landon Myer ◽  
Heather J. Zar
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Young Infants

Early-life vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse child health outcomes, but the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its correlates in infants remains underexplored, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its correlates among young infants in South Africa. This study included 744 infants, aged 6–10 weeks from the Drakenstein Child Health Study, a population-based birth cohort. Infants were categorized into distinct categories based on serum 25(OH)D concentration level including deficient (<50 nmol/L), insufficient (50–74 nmol/L), and sufficient (≥75 nmol/L). Using multivariable Tobit and logistic regression models, we examined the correlates of serum 25(OH)D3 levels. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 81% (95% confidence intervals (CI]) 78–83). Multivariable regression analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D3 concentration was independently associated with study site, socioeconomic status, and sex. Birth in winter and breastfeeding were the strongest predictors of lower serum 25(OH)D3 concentration levels. Compared to non-breastfed children, children breastfed were at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency (AOR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.04–3.67) and breastfeeding for more than one month was associated with greater likelihood of vitamin D deficiency (AOR, 5.40; 95% CI, 2.37–12.32) and lower vitamin D concentrations (−16.22 nmol/L; 95% CI, −21.06, −11.39). Vitamin D deficiency in infants is ubiquitous, under-recognised, and strongly associated with season of birth and breastfeeding in this setting. Nutritional interventions with vitamin D supplementation in national health programs in low- and middle-income countries are urgently needed to improve early-life vitamin D status in infants.

Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life and risk of schizophrenia: a Finnish birth cohort study

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McGrath ◽  
Kaisa Saari ◽  
Helinä Hakko ◽  
Jari Jokelainen ◽  
Peter Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Early-life vitamin D status and bone mass at five years in a prospective birth cohort study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol ni Chaoimh ◽  
Deirdre Murray ◽  
Louise Kenny ◽  
Alan Irvine ◽  
Jonathan Hourihane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Prospective Birth Cohort ◽  
Prospective Birth Cohort Study

scholarly journals Cord Blood 25(OH)-Vitamin D Deficiency and Childhood Asthma, Allergy and Eczema: The COPSAC2000 Birth Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e99856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo L. Chawes ◽  
Klaus Bønnelykke ◽  
Pia F. Jensen ◽  
Ann-Marie M. Schoos ◽  
Lene Heickendorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

scholarly journals The Shared Pleasure Paradigm: A study in an observational birth cohort in South Africa

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha Lachman ◽  
Esme R. Jordaan ◽  
Micky Stern ◽  
Kirsten A. Donald ◽  
Nadia Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Infant Birth

AbstractMother–infant dyads in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may be exposed to a range of factors associated with suboptimal development. Optimal infant development is likely supported by synchronicity in the early mother–infant relationship, but limited corroborative research is available in LMICs. The Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS) provided an opportunity to study this synchronicity and its associations in South Africa. A South African birth cohort study investigating early-life determinants of child health in a LMIC context provided participants. The Shared Pleasure (SP) paradigm helped assess early mother–infant synchronicity in videos of a sub-set of 291 mother–infant dyads at their 14-week well baby visit. General linear regression models investigated the relationship between selected maternal and infant characteristics and the presence of Shared Pleasure moments. Out of a possible 291 dyads, 82% (n = 239) yielded Shared Pleasure moments. The mean age of mothers was 27 years, while infant sex distribution comprised 54% females and 46% males. The shortest single Shared Pleasure moment lasted at least 0.5 s and the longest 28 s. Shared Pleasure moments were associated with higher gestation age at delivery (p = 0.008) and higher infant birth weight (p = 0.006), but were not related to mother's mental health and infant health outcomes at 14 weeks. The high frequency of positive Shared Pleasure moments in reciprocal dyadic interactions in this sample suggests that significant disruption in shared pleasure may be present only in extreme cases (e.g. mothers with severe mental disorders). Further work is needed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the associations between early mother–infant synchronicity and better outcomes noted here, and to assess whether SP may serve as a culturally appropriate screen for assessing connectedness.

scholarly journals 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels among 2-year-old children: findings from the Japan environment and Children’s study (JECS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Yang ◽  
Miori Sato ◽  
Mayako Saito-Abe ◽  
Makoto Irahara ◽  
Minaho Nishizato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Old Japanese

Abstract Background The study aim was to obtain epidemiological data on vitamin D levels for the pediatric population in Japan. We assessed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in 2-year-old Japanese children using data from a large ongoing birth cohort study. Methods Data for analysis was obtained from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) and a Sub-Cohort Study (SCS) of JECS. We evaluated the children’s serum 25(OH) D levels by 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles, and the rates of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. We also presented a weighted prevalence rate for vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency among all children in JECS. Results After excluding children with missing 25(OH)D2 or 25(OH)D3 data, we analyzed 4655 remaining children, of whom 24.7% (95% CI, 23.5–26.0%) had vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL), and 51.3% (95% CI, 49.8–52.7%) were at risk of vitamin D insufficiency (20–30 ng/mL). The estimated prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among all children in JECS were 25.4% (95% CI, 24.1–26.7%) and 50.9% (95% CI, 49.4–52.4%). Vitamin D deficiency was found in 22.9% of boys and 26.5% of girls. Median serum 25(OH) D concentrations were lower among participants measured during winter and spring than among those measured in summer and autumn. The highest rate of vitamin D deficiency was observed in Hokkaido, the northernmost prefecture of Japan. Conclusion We analyzed data on serum 25(OH) D levels from a birth cohort study and found that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are very common among 2-year-old Japanese children. Sex, season, and latitude affect serum 25(OH) D concentrations.

scholarly journals Vitamin D supplementation practice in Ireland: data from the Cork baseline birth cohort study

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (OCE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. O'Donovan ◽  
L. Tynan ◽  
D. M. Murray ◽  
J.O'B. Hourihane ◽  
L. C. Kenny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Birth Cohort Study

Vitamin D Deficiency/Insufficiency and Challenges in Developing Global Vitamin D Fortification and Supplementation Policy in Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Ben-Shoshan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Societal Burden ◽  
Time Period ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
In Cis

This review summarizes studies discussing vitamin D status in adults and reveals that vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is highly prevalent in adults and that current fortification and supplementation policies are inadequate. Background and aims: Studies suggest a crucial role for adequate vitamin D status in various health conditions including bone metabolism, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and allergies. However, relatively little is known about poor vitamin D status and unmet needs in adults. This report aims to highlight the contribution of epidemiologic studies (through the identification of health effects and societal burden) to the development of vitamin D fortification and supplementation policies and reveal unmet global challenges in adults. Methods: In order to assess worldwide vitamin D status in adults, the search strategy combined the medical literature database MEDLINE (using PubMed) for the time period between January 1, 1980 and February 28, 2011, using the key words “vitamin D” “deficiency” and “insufficiency”, and included articles in which access to full text was possible and in which healthy adults were assessed according to one of four commonly used vitamin D threshold classifications. Results: This report reveals that vitamin D deficiency occurs in 4.10 % [95 % CI (confidence interval), 3.93 %, 4.27 %] to 55.05 % (54.07 %, 56.03 %) of adults, while insufficiency occurs in 26.07 % (24.82 %, 27.33 %) to 78.50 % (77.85 %, 79.16 %), depending on the classification used. However, lack of overlap in CIs and high value of I2 statistics indicate considerable heterogeneity between studies. Further, certain populations (i. e. dark-skinned individuals, immigrants, and pregnant women) may be at higher risk for poor vitamin D status. Conclusion: Current policies for vitamin D supplementation and fortification are inadequate and new guidelines are required to improve vitamin D status in adults.

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