Clinical Results of the Implementation of a Breast Milk Bank in Premature Infants (Under 37 Weeks) at the Hospital Universitario del Valle 2018–2020

Breast milk is widely recognized as the best source of nutrition for both full term and premature babies. We aimed to identify clinical results of the implementation of a breast milk bank for premature infants under 37 weeks in a level III hospital. 722 neonates under 37 weeks, hospitalized in the Neonatal intensive care unit (ICU), who received human breast milk from the institution’s milk bank 57% (n = 412) vs. mixed or artificial 32% (n = 229), at day 7 of life. An exploratory data analysis was carried out. Measures of central tendency and dispersion were used, strength of association of odds ratio (OR) and its confidence intervals (95% confidence interval (CI)). 88.5% had already received human milk before day 7 of life. Those who received human milk, due to their clinical condition, had 4 times a greater chance of being intubated (OR 4.05; 95% CI 1.80–9.11). Starting before day 7 of life decreases the opportunity to develop necrotizing enterocolitis by 82% (adjusted odds ratio (ORa) 0.18; 95% CI 0.03–0.97), intraventricular hemorrhage by 85% (ORa 0.15; 95% CI 0.06–0.45) and sepsis by 77% (ORa 0.23; 95% CI 0.15–0.33). Receiving human milk reduces the probability of complications related to prematurity, evidencing the importance that breast milk banks play in clinical practice.

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Bacillus cereus Induces Severe Infections in Preterm Neonates: Implication at the Hospital and Human Milk Bank Level

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13020123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

Delphine Cormontagne ◽

Virginie Rigourd ◽

Jasmina Vidic ◽

Francesco Rizzotto ◽

Emmanuelle Bille ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Severe Infection ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Literature Overview ◽

Milk Bank ◽

Severe Infections ◽

Human Milk Bank ◽

Milk Banks

Human breast milk (HBM) is a source of essential nutrients for infants and is particularly recommended for preterm neonates when their own mother’s milk is not available. It provides protection against infections and decreases necrotizing enterocolitis and cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, HBM spoilage can occur due to contamination by pathogens, and the risk of a shortage of HBM is very often present. B. cereus is the most frequent ubiquitous bacteria responsible for HBM being discarded. It can contaminate HBM at all stages, from its collect point to the storage and delivery. B. cereus can induce severe infection in newborns with very low birth weight, with sometimes fatal outcomes. Although the source of contamination is rarely identified, in some cases, HBM was suspected as a potential source. Even if the risk is low, as infection due to B. cereus in preterm infants should not be overlooked, human milk banks follow strict procedures to avoid contamination, to accurately identify remaining bacteria following pasteurization and to discard non-compliant milk samples. In this review, we present a literature overview of B. cereus infections reported in neonates and the suspected sources of contamination. We highlight the procedures followed by the human milk banks from the collection of the milk to its microbiological characterization in Europe. We also present improved detection and decontamination methods that might help to decrease the risk and to preserve the public’s confidence in this vital biological product for infants whose mothers cannot breastfeed.

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Human Milk Banking

Neonatal Network The Journal of Neonatal Nursing ◽

10.1891/0730-0832.32.3.175 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 175-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Esther Marie O’Hare ◽

Angela Wood ◽

Elizabeth Fiske

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Human Milk ◽

Medical Records ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Potential Donor ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Milk Bank ◽

Human Milk Banking ◽

Milk Banking ◽

Human Milk Bank

Forms of human milk banking and donation have been present for more than a century worldwide, but, since 1985, the Human Milk Banking Association of North America (HMBANA) has established guidelines to make the use of donor’s breast milk safe and the second best form of feeding to maternal breast milk for a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infant. The Indiana Mother’s Human Milk Bank provides an extensive and meticulous process of selecting breast milk donors. The process begins with a phone interview with a potential donor and includes the review of the donor’s medical records, blood laboratory screening, medication and dietary intake, as well as consent from the donor’s pediatrician. The milk bank follows steps of collecting, storing, and receiving the breast milk in accordance with the guidelines of the HMBANA. Pasteurization is the method used to ensure the proper heating and cooling of breast milk. Despite the rigorous pasteurization method, the donor’s breast milk will not lose most of the important beneficial components needed for sick or ill NICU infants. Every batch of pasteurized breast milk will be cultured for any possible contamination and shipped to NICUs after it has been cleared by laboratory testing.

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Optimal Pooling, Batching, and Pasteurizing of Donor Human Milk

Service Science ◽

10.1287/serv.2021.0285 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ruichen Sun ◽

Lisa M. Maillart ◽

Silviya Valeva ◽

Andrew J. Schaefer ◽

Shaina Starks

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Valid Inequalities ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

North Texas ◽

Donor Human Milk ◽

Milk Bank ◽

Pooling Strategies ◽

Optimality Gap ◽

Milk Banks

Human breast milk provides nutritional and medicinal benefits that are important to infants, particularly those who are premature or ill. Donor human milk, collected, processed, and dispensed via milk banks, is the standard of care for infants in need whose mothers cannot provide an adequate supply of milk. In this paper, we focus on streamlining donor human milk processing at nonprofit milk banks. On days that milk is processed, milk banks thaw frozen deposits, pool together milk from multiple donors to meet nutritional specifications of predefined milk types, bottle and divide the pools into batches, and pasteurize the batches using equipment with various degrees of labor requirements. Limitations in staffing and equipment and the need to follow strict healthcare protocols require productive, expedient, and frugal pooling strategies. We formulate integer programs that optimize the batching-pasteurizing decisions and the integrated pooling-batching-pasteurizing decisions by minimizing labor and meeting target production goals. We further strengthen these formulations by establishing valid inequalities for the integrated model. Numerical results demonstrate a reduction in the optimality gap through the strengthened formulation versus the basic integer programming formulation. A case study at Mothers’ Milk Bank of North Texas demonstrates significant improvement in meeting milk type production targets and a modest reduction in labor compared with former practice. The model is in use at Mothers’ Milk Bank of North Texas and has effectively improved their production balance across different milk types.

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Human milk bank in Ukraine – relities and perspectives

Reproductive health of woman ◽

10.30841/2708-8731.3.2021.234220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 16-20

Author(s):

O.S. Zahorodnia ◽

V.V. Bila ◽

I. Chernyak ◽

I.I. Lazo

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Human Milk ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Milk Bank ◽

Milk Volume ◽

Perinatal Center ◽

Human Milk Bank ◽

Source Of Information

Premature birth complicates 5 to 8% of pregnancies worldwide. The efforts of the medical world are aimed at improving the care of premature infants, which is much more successful – increasing the proportion of extremely premature surviving infants, improving the health and quality of life of premature infants. Such measures include, in particular, the early start of enteral feeding. It is its early initiation that is complicated by the delay in establishing lactation in the mother. To overcome this contradiction, it is proposed to use donor breast milk, for the procurement and storage of which human milk banks have been created. The objective: to analyze the activities of the human milk bank of the Kyiv Perinatal Center in 2020. Materials and methods. To evaluate the activity of the breast milk bank the main indicators of its work for 2020 were analyzed – the total number of donors, their distribution by age, total milk volume, average milk volume per woman, duration of donor milk to newborns. Results. During 2020, 65 donors took part in the breast milk donation program, who received 8,603 portions of milk and 8,220 portions were given to recipients for consumption. It is established that the main source of information for breast milk donors is the staff of the Perinatal Center, and therefore – the main motivation to participate in the program is the desire to help in the care of premature infants. The main pool of recipients (67.1%) are patients of the intensive care unit. A small part of the donor milk was consumed by patients of the postnatal care department and the second stage of nursing. Among patients receiving donor breast milk in the intensive care unit, preterm weight categories of 1000–1499 g (49.3%) and 1500–1999 g (32.7%) dominated. Conclusions. 1. The main source of information about the breast milk donation program is the staff of the Perinatal Center of Kyiv (32.3%), which determines the main motivation of the study participants. The prospect of developing the idea of breast milk donation in Ukraine is popularization in the media in order to expand the audience and encourage women who have given birth in other obstetric facilities. 2. The main pool of DHM recipients in the Perinatal Center of Kyiv are premature patients of the intensive care unit. The largest proportion of patients receiving DGM were in the weight category of 1000–1499 g. The average duration of consumption of DGM by patients in this department is 6.5±0.9 days.

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DIAGNÓSTICOS DE ENFERMAGEM DE MULHERES NUTRIZES ATENDIDAS NO BANCO DE LEITE HUMANO

Enfermagem em Foco ◽

10.21675/2357-707x.2019.v10.n1.1396 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nathália Carolina Tomazelli Crespo ◽

Rosimere Ferreira Santana ◽

Valdecyr Herdy Alves ◽

Audrey Vidal Pereira ◽

Giovanna Rosario Soanno Marchiori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Sleep Pattern ◽

No Donors ◽

Tissue Integrity ◽

Disturbed Sleep ◽

Nursing Diagnosis ◽

Milk Bank ◽

Las Mujeres ◽

Human Milk Bank ◽

Milk Banks

Objetivo: conhecer o perfil de Diagnósticos de Enfermagem em mulheres nutrizes atendidas no Banco de Leite Humano. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, com 30 mulheres atendidas no Banco de Leite Humano entre doadoras e não doadoras. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de março a maio de 2012. A análise se deu por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: os diagnósticos foram descritos para dois grupos: Não doadoras: Disposição para conhecimento melhorado (100,0%), Risco de infecção (80,9%), Integridade Tissular prejudicada (80,9%), Padrão de sono prejudicado (76,1%), Conhecimento deficiente (66,6%), Ansiedade (52,3%); Em Doadoras: Padrão de sono prejudicado (77,7%) e Ansiedade (55,5%). Conclusão: a taxonomia diagnóstica encontra-se de acordo com a população estudada. Validou-se a necessidade do uso dessa tecnologia como um sistema padrão de linguagem.Descritores: Bancos de leite; Diagnóstico de enfermagem; Cuidados de enfermagem; Saúde da mulher; Aleitamento materno.NURSING DIAGNOSIS IDENTIFIED IN WOMEN AT THE HUMAN MILK BANKObjective: to know the profile of Nursing Diagnosis in women hosted in the Human Milk Bank. Methodology: descriptive study, with 30 women attended at the Human Milk Bank between donors and no donors. Data were collected from March to May 2012. The analysis was done through simple descriptive statistics. Results: diagnosis were described for two groups: No donors: Readiness for enhanced knowledge (100.0%), Risk for infection (80.9%), Impaired tissue integrity (80.9%), Disturbed sleep pattern (76.1%), Deficient knowledge (66.6%), Anxiety (52.3%); In Donors: Disturbed sleep pattern (77.7%) and Anxiety (55.5%). Conclusion: the diagnostic taxonomy is in agreement with the studied population. The need to use this technology as a standard language system was validated.Descriptors: Milk banks; Nursing diagnosis; Nursing care; Women’s health; Breastfeeding.ENFERMERÍA DE DIAGNÓSTICO IDENTIFICADOS EN MUJERES ASISTIDA EN BANCO DE LECHE HUMANAObjetivo: conocer el perfil de los diagnósticos de enfermería de las mujeres dio la bienvenida al Banco de Leche Humana. Metodology: estúdio descriptivo, con 30 mujeres atendidas enel Banco de Leche Humana entre los donantes y no donantes. Los datos fueron recolectados entre marzo y mayo de 2012. El análisis se realizó utilizando estadísticas descriptivas simples. Resultados: los diagnósticos han sido descritos por dos grupos: No donantes: Disposición para mejorar los conocimientos (100%), Riesgo de infección (80,9%), Deterioro de la integridade cutánea (80,9%), Trastorno del patrón de sueño (76, 1%), Conocimientos deficientes (66,6%), Ansiedad (52,3%); Em Donantes: Trastorno del patrón de sueño (77,7%) y Ansiedad (55,5%). Conclusión: la taxonomía diagnóstica es función de la población estudiada. Han verificado la necesidad de la utilización de esta tecnología como un sistema estándar de lenguaje.Descriptores: Bancos de leche; Diagnóstico de enfermería; Atención de enfermería; Salud de lamujer; Lactancia materna.

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Biomonitoring Bisphenols, Parabens, and Benzophenones in Breast Milk from a Human Milk Bank in Southern Spain

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3974366 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Luz M. Iribarne-Durán ◽

Laura Serrano ◽

Francisco M. Peinado ◽

Manuela Peña-Caballero ◽

Jose Antonio Hurtado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Human Milk ◽

Southern Spain ◽

Milk Bank ◽

Human Milk Bank

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Human Breast Milk Contains Bovine lgG. Relationship to Infant Colic?

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.87.4.439 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 439-444

Author(s):

Patrick S. Clyne ◽

Anthony Kulczycki

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Human Milk ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Infant Colic ◽

Β Lactoglobulin

Previous studies have suggested that an unidentified cow's milk protein, other than β-lactoglobulin and casein, might play a pathogenetic role in infant colic. Therefore, a radioimmunoassay was used to analyze human breast milk and infant formula samples for the presence of bovine IgG. Milk samples from 88 of the 97 mothers tested contained greater than 0.1 µg/mL of bovine IgG. In a study group of 59 mothers with infants in the colic-prone 2- to 17-week age group, the 29 mothers of colicky infants had higher levels of bovine IgG in their breast milk (median 0.42 µg/mL) than the 30 mothers of noncolicky infants (median 0.32 µg/mL) (P < .02). The highest concentrations of bovine IgG observed in human milk were 8.5 and 8.2 µg/mL. Most cow's milk-based infant formulas contained 0.6 to 6.4 µg/mL of bovine IgG, a concentration comparable with levels found in many human milk samples. The results suggest that appreciable quantities of bovine IgG are commonly present in human milk, that significantly higher levels are present in milk from mothers of colicky infants, and that bovine IgG may possibly be involved in the pathogenesis of infant colic.

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Representations of women milk donors on donations for the human milk bank

Cadernos Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1414-462x201600020029 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 139-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wanessa Debôrtoli de Miranda ◽

Maria Cristina Passos ◽

Maria Imaculada de Fátima Freitas ◽

Palmira de Fátima Bonolo

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Human Milk ◽

Social Representation ◽

Prenatal Period ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Milk Bank ◽

Social Representation Theory ◽

Human Milk Bank ◽

Milk Banks ◽

Representations Of Women

Abstract Human milk banks (HMBs) have difficulty maintaining and increasing their stocks, and the number of women enrolling as members remains low. The present qualitative study, based on social representation theory, aimed to understand women’s representations of the milk donation experience. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted in 2013. In total, 12 women aged 18 to 39 years old participated in the study. Most were primiparous, married or living with a partner, housewives, completed high school, and belonged to lower economic classes. Four categories emerged from the testimonies: human milk donation; representations about human milk banks (HMB); the importance of breastfeeding for the baby and for one's conceptualization as a mother; and prenatal care and donation awareness. The main reasons for donating were representations that value breastfeeding, human milk, and the donation act. These mothers had difficulties donating, but the rewarding feeling, the value of this practice, and the support they received from people important to them helped with the donation. The findings related to the value of the donation and breastfeeding provide ways to effectively encourage and motivate potential donors, achieving comprehensive care starting from the prenatal period.

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Might the Mothers of Premature Babies Feed Them and Devote Some Milk to the Milk Bank?

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2018/3628952 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pasqua Anna Quitadamo ◽

Giuseppina Palumbo ◽

Liliana Cianti ◽

Matteo Luigi Napolitano ◽

Ciro Coviello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Psychological Trauma ◽

Premature Baby ◽

Single Donor ◽

Premature Babies ◽

Milk Bank ◽

Starting Point ◽

Healthy Growth

The breast milk is the gold standard food for the feeding of the premature baby: it is the natural way to provide excellent nutritional, immunological, and biological nutriment so as to facilitate a healthy growth and the development of the infants. When the breast milk is not available, the alternative is represented by the donated milk. The mothers of premature infants are important opportunity if we consider the fact that they could devote some milk both because they provide a food which is closer to the needs of the vulnerable category of newborns and because it is, for the mothers, a way to overcome the detachment and the psychological trauma of a premature birth. There are no data on this kind of donation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the contribution of the milk donation to the HMB of CSS by women who gave birth to premature infants of gestational age <35 weeks and to analyze the macronutrient composition of the “preterm” donated milk. The CSS HMB has recruited 659 donors totalling 2236 liters of donated milk over a period of 7 years. 38 donors (5.7%) gave birth to a gestational age <35 weeks. Almost 20% of the donated milk comes from mothers of premature babies and this is a very important fact because it shows the huge potential belonging to this category of mothers. Taking into account the parameter regarding the birth weight, it was found that VLBW mothers contributed for 56% to preterm donation while ELBW mothers contributed for 41%. By evaluating the variable gestational age, about 40% of the average total donation derives from mothers who gave birth before the 25 weeks, while a contribution of 46% is attributable to the category of newborns with a GA between 25 and 32 weeks. Besides, some other exceptional examples can be outlined. Regarding the correlation analysis DM resulted in negative correlation with GA weeks (r=-0.31, p=0.058) and with BW g (r=-0.30, p=0.068) achieving values which are very close to the significance. The comparison between the donor volume averages of the preterm and full-term groups is statistically significant. The composition data are in line with the literature: there is an increase by 18 % in the protein component of the milk deriving from the mothers of the premature infants; the gap in carbohydrates is less significant (5-6%) and the gap in calories is similarly low being only 2% higher than the single donor milk and 11% more than the pooled milk. The data on the lipids line up to single donor term milk, while it grows by 24% compared to the pooled one. The study shows that even at very low or extreme gestational age it is possible to obtain an appropriate production of breast milk. This awareness becomes a fundamental starting point for the activation in a standardized way of all the strategies of promotion and support of food that have proven effective with the HM in NICU.

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Quality management in Human Milk Banks: a scope review

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0640 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (suppl 6) ◽

Author(s):

Rosana Rodrigues Figueira Fogliano ◽

Elena Bohomol ◽

Mariana Cabral Schveitzer ◽

Kelly Pereira Coca ◽

Ana Cristina Freitas de Vilhena Abrão

Keyword(s):

Quality Management ◽

Human Milk ◽

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Quality Of Services ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Management Interventions ◽

Milk Bank ◽

Human Milk Bank ◽

Milk Banks

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the main quality management interventions used by professionals working at Human Milk Banks. Methods: a scope review conducted at PubMed, VHL, Scopus, SciELO, CAPES thesis and Google Scholar databases. Primary studies were included that address quality improvement strategies to improve Milk Bank processes in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results: search totaled 192 scientific studies, 17 of which met the objective of the study and inclusion criteria. The main quality management interventions used in the Human Milk Bank addressed tools for continuous improvement. Six were aimed at improving processes, one to prevent errors and failures and two to achieve continuous monitoring. Final Considerations: the tools used by professionals working in Human Milk Banks have demonstrated effectiveness in managing the quality of services.

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