human milk bank
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Children ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Chia-Huei Chen ◽  
Hui-Ya Chiu ◽  
Szu-Chia Lee ◽  
Hung-Yang Chang ◽  
Jui-Hsing Chang ◽  
...  

The extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) of very preterm infants has been associated with long-term complications and neurodevelopmental problems. EUGR has been reported at higher rates in low resource settings. There is limited research investigating how metropolitan human milk banks contribute to the growth outcomes of very preterm infants cared in rural areas. The setting of this study is located at a rural county in Taiwan and affiliated with the Taiwan Southern Human Milk Bank. Donor human milk was provided through a novel supplemental system. A renewal nutritional protocol was initiated as a quality improvement project after the affiliated program. This study aimed to compare the clinical morbidities and growth outcome at term equivalent age (TEA) of preterm infants less than 33 weeks of gestational age before (Epoch-I, July 2015–June 2018, n = 40) and after the new implementation (Epoch-II, July 2018–December 2020, n = 42). The Epoch-II group significantly increased in bodyweight z-score at TEA ((−0.02 ± 1.00) versus Epoch-I group (−0.84 ± 1.08), p = 0.002). In multivariate regression models, the statistical difference between two epochs in bodyweight z-score changes from birth to TEA was still noted. Modern human milk banks may facilitate the nutritional protocol renewal in rural areas and improve the growth outcomes of very preterm infants cared for. Establishing more distribution sites of milk banks should be encouraged.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2955
Author(s):  
Miroslava Jandová ◽  
Pavel Měřička ◽  
Michaela Fišerová ◽  
Aleš Landfeld ◽  
Pavla Paterová ◽  
...  

A systematic study, performed from 2017–2020 looked at the rate of positive post-pasteurization B. cereus findings, the quantity of B. cereus in pasteurized banked human milk (PBM), and the rate of B. cereus toxicogenic isolates from PBM. During the study period, 6815.71 L (30,943 tested bottles) of PBM were tested, with an average amount per year of 1703.93 L (7736 tested bottles). The PBM discard rate per year due to bacterial contamination varied between 8.7–10.0% and contamination with B. cereus was the most frequent reason. The total number of B. cereus positive tests was 2739 and the proportion of its positivity from all positive tests was between 56.7–66.6%. The prevalence of B. cereus positive tests rose significantly in the summer months. The production of enterotoxin was found in 3 of the 20 tested samples (15.0%). The B. cereus CFU-quantities in the PBM were below 10 CFU/mL in 80% of cases (16 of 20 samples tested). The quantitative data can be used in the risk assessment of cold storage of PBM at temperatures above zero and manipulation of PBM prior to its administration.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshan Hu ◽  
Xue Chu ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Xiaohui Chen ◽  
...  

Abstract ObjectivesTo analyze the operation status and data over the last 8 years of operation of the first human milk bank (HMB) in East China.MethodsData related to the costs, donors, donation, pasteurization, and recipients were extracted from the web-based electronic monitoring system of the HMB for the period August 1, 2013 to July 31, 2021. ResultsOver the 8 years of operation, 1,555 qualified donors donated 7,396.5 L of qualified milk at a cost of ¥1.94 million, with the average cost per liter of donor human milk being ¥262.3. The donors were between 25 and 30 years of age, and the majority (80.1%) were primipara. All the donated milk was pasteurized and subjected to bacteriological tests before and after pasteurization: 95.4% passed the pre-pasteurization tests, and 96.3% passed the post-pasteurization tests. A total of 9,207 newborns received 5,775.2 L of pasteurized donor milk. The main reason for the prescription of donor human milk was preterm birth. As a result of continuous quality improvements, January 2016 witnessed a significant increase in the volume of qualified DHM and the number of qualified donors. However, in 2020, as a result of the restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the volume of qualified DHM and the number of qualified donors decreased. ConclusionsOver its 8 years of operation, our HMB has made steady quality improvements in its screening and information processes. Continuous quality improvement is on ongoing need, along with recruiting more qualified donors and collecting donor human milk for vulnerable newborns.


Author(s):  
Branka Golubić Ćepulić ◽  
Anita Pavičić Bošnjak ◽  
Ivana Leskovar ◽  
Jurjana Novoselac ◽  
Koraljka Gojčeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 17883-17898
Author(s):  
Adriene de Freitas Moreno Rodrigues ◽  
Izabela Silva Breda ◽  
Júlia Portugal Maia ◽  
Edilaine Ferreira Santos ◽  
Luciano Antônio Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Doshmangir ◽  
Kamal Gholipour ◽  
Maryam Nagshi ◽  
Ayat Ahmadi ◽  
Vladimir Sergeevich Gordeev

Abstract Introduction: World Health Organization actively promotes breastfeeding as the best nourishment source for infants and young children. However, access to human milk for all newborns is not always possible, leading to nutritional benefits deprivation or financial burden related to acquiring alternatives. Establishing human milk banks (HMB) could facilitate equitable access to donated human milk. However, various factors may impede human milk donation. This study identifies factors influencing milk donation to HMB in Iran. Methods We conducted a case-control study among mothers who had given birth at least one year before the study, with 51 cases (mothers who donated their milk to HMB) and 153 controls. Data were collected by a questionnaire designed to obtain retrospective information about individual health, social network, and other factors. Logistic regressions were used to examine relationships between breast milk donation and these factors. Qualitative data were collected during face-to-face interviews and analysed using a content analysis approach to elicit viewpoints of HMB senior staff and mothers on the factors influencing milk donation. Results Family factors, social factors, individual social welfare score, and breast milk adequacy were associated with increased milk donation. Family support for human milk donation was among the strongest predictors. Conclusion To establish HMB and promote human milk donation, health policy planners and makers should use strategies and policies that motivate mothers' donation to HMBs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Gayà ◽  
Massimo Rittà ◽  
David Lembo ◽  
Paola Tonetto ◽  
Francesco Cresi ◽  
...  

One of the main concerns in human milk banks (HMB) is the transmission of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) that could be present in the milk of infected women. There are consistent data showing that this virus is destroyed by Holder pasteurization (62.5°C for 30 min), but there is a lack of information about the response of the virus to the treatment at lower temperatures in strict HMB conditions. In order to analyze the effectiveness of different temperatures of pasteurization to eliminate HCMV in human milk, a preliminary assay was performed incubating HCMV-spiked raw milk samples from donor mothers at tested temperatures in a PCR thermocycler and the viral infectivity was assayed on cell cultures. No signs of viral replication were observed after treatments at temperatures equal or >53°C for 30, 20, and 10 min, 58°C for 5 min, 59°C for 2 min, and 60°C for 1 min. These data were confirmed in a pasteurizer-like model introducing HCMV-spiked milk in disposable baby bottles. No viral infectivity was detected on cell cultures after heating treatment of milk for 30 min at temperatures from 56 to 60°C. Thus, our results show that by using conventional pasteurization conditions, temperatures in the range of 56–60°C are enough to inactivate HCMV. Consequently, we consider that, in order to provide a higher quality product, the current recommendation to pasteurize both mother's own milk and donated milk at 62.5°C must be re-evaluated.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. e001467
Author(s):  
Reema Garegrat ◽  
Nandini Malshe ◽  
Pradeep Suryawanshi ◽  
Suprabha K Patnaik

Feed intolerance and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) are challenges while treating sick neonates. These can be reduced by giving human milk, but adequate availability of mother’s own milk or pasteurised donor human milk (PDHM) is a challenge in neonatal setups, like ours, without an attached human milk bank. Hence, this quality improvement initiative was taken to improve donor human milk collection in our urban tertiary-care teaching hospital, to at least 500 mL per week in 4 weeks. After analysing the problem, our quality improvement team identified a shortage of human milk donation that was due to low awareness among the stakeholders and lack of a system to collect and store human milk and transport it to a milk bank. The team first established a system of supplies needed for milk collection, storage and transportation. It then tested change idea of information, education and counselling to increase milk donation. The team carried out a few plan-do-study-act cycles (individual and group counsellings, and usage of videos and information leaflets) to test the change ideas and adapted a few and abandoned some. During this journey, the milk collection increased to above the target amount. Various challenges were addressed, and there was a need for constant motivation of the stakeholders, especially the mothers, and now there is sustained milk donation in the setup. This is incorporated in the standard operating procedure and as a quality indicator of the unit for sustaining the changes in the unit. Our initiative can be replicated in other setups for increasing collection of donor human milk. Greater PDHM availability for sick neonates will, in effect, reduce NEC and feeding intolerance rates, leading to reduced hospital stay, morbidity, mortality and economic burden.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Claude Billeaud

Breast milk is the nutritional reference for the child and especially for the preterm infant. Breast milk is better than donated breast milk (DHM), but if breast milk is not available, DHM is distributed by the Human Milk Bank (HMB). Raw Human Milk is better than HMB milk, but it may contain dangerous germs, so it is usually milk pasteurized by a Holder treatment (62.5 °C 30 min). However, Holder does not destroy all germs, and in particular, in 7% to 14%, the spores of Bacillus cereus are found, and it also destroys the microbiota, lipase BSSL and immune proteins. Another technique, High-Temperature Short Time (HTST 72 °C, 5–15 s), has been tried, which is imperfect, does not destroy Bacillus cereus, but degrades the lipase and partially the immune proteins. Therefore, techniques that do not treat by temperature have been proposed. For more than 25 years, high hydrostatic pressure has been tried with pressures from 100 to 800 MPa. Pressures above 400 MPa can alter the immune proteins without destroying the Bacillus cereus. We propose a High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) with four pressure cycles ranging from 50–150 MPa to promote Bacillus cereus germination and a 350 MPa Pressure that destroys 106 Bacillus cereus and retains 80–100% of lipase, lysozyme, lactoferrin and 64% of IgAs. Other HHP techniques are being tested. We propose a literature review of these techniques.


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