scholarly journals Early Enteral Feeding in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review of the Nutritional, Metabolic, and Developmental Benefits

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Melissa Thoene ◽  
Ann Anderson-Berry
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Early Enteral Feeding ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Enteral feeding is the preferred method of nutrient provision for preterm infants. Though parenteral nutrition remains an alternative to provide critical nutrition after preterm delivery, the literature suggests that enteral feeding still confers significant nutritional and non-nutritional benefits. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to summarize health and clinical benefits of early enteral feeding within the first month of life in preterm infants. Likewise, this review also proposes methods to improve enteral delivery in clinical care, including a proposal for decision-making of initiation and advancement of enteral feeding. An extensive literature review assessed enteral studies in preterm infants with subsequent outcomes. The findings support the early initiation and advancement of enteral feeding impact preterm infant health by enhancing micronutrient delivery, promoting intestinal development and maturation, stimulating microbiome development, reducing inflammation, and enhancing brain growth and neurodevelopment. Clinicians must consider these short- and long-term implications when caring for preterm infants.

scholarly journals EARLY ENTERAL FEEDING PROTOCOLS FOR PRETERM INFANTS. † 1908

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 321-321
Author(s):  
Joanne S Szabo ◽  
Melissa D Clark
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Early Enteral Feeding

scholarly journals Human Milk’s Hidden Gift: Implications of the Milk Microbiome for Preterm Infants’ Health

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isadora Beghetti ◽  
Elena Biagi ◽  
Silvia Martini ◽  
Patrizia Brigidi ◽  
Luigi Corvaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Short And Long Term

Breastfeeding is considered the gold standard for infants’ nutrition, as mother’s own milk (MOM) provides nutritional and bioactive factors functional to optimal development. Early life microbiome is one of the main contributors to short and long-term infant health status, with the gut microbiota (GM) being the most studied ecosystem. Some human milk (HM) bioactive factors, such as HM prebiotic carbohydrates that select for beneficial bacteria, and the specific human milk microbiota (HMM) are emerging as early mediators in the relationship between the development of GM in early life and clinical outcomes. The beneficial role of HM becomes even more crucial for preterm infants, who are exposed to significant risks of severe infection in early life as well as to adverse short and long-term outcomes. When MOM is unavailable or insufficient, donor human milk (DHM) constitutes the optimal nutritional choice. However, little is known about the specific effect of DHM on preterm GM and its potential functional implication on HMM. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize recent findings on HMM origin and composition and discuss the role of HMM on infant health and development, with a specific focus on preterm infants.

Early enteral feeding in preterm infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 151159 ◽  
Author(s):  
T'ng Chang Kwok ◽  
Jon Dorling ◽  
Chris Gale
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Early Enteral Feeding

Is Atherothromboaspiration a Possible Solution for the Prevention of No-Reflow Phenomenon in Acute Coronary Syndromes? Single Centre Experience and Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-179
Author(s):  
Antonis S. Manolis
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Covered Stent ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Total N ◽  
No Reflow ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Intracoronary thrombus in acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) confers higher rates of no-reflow with attendant adverse consequences. Earlier Randomized-Controlled-Trials (RCTs) of routine thromboaspiration during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) indicated a clinical benefit, but more recent RCTs were negative. However, data of selective use of this adjunctive approach remain scarce. </P><P> Objective: The aim of this single-centre prospective study was to report the results of selective thromboaspiration during PCI in patients with intracoronary thrombi, and also to provide an extensive literature review on current status of thromboaspiration. </P><P> Methods: The study included 90 patients (77 men; aged 59.3±12.7 years) presenting with acute MI (STElevation MI (STEMI) in 74, non-STEMI in 16) who had intracoronary thrombi and were submitted to thromboaspiration. </P><P> Results: Total (n=67) or subtotal (n=18) vessel occlusions were present in 85 (94%) patients. Thromboaspiration and subsequent PCI were successful in 89/90 (98.9%) patients, with coronary stenting in 86 (96.6%). In 4 patients with residual thrombus, a mesh-covered stent was implanted. IIb/IIIa-inhibitors were administered in 57 (63.3%) patients. No-reflow occurred in only 1 (1.1%) patient. The postprocedural course was uneventful. Review of the literature revealed several early observational and RCTs and meta-analyses favouring manual, not mechanical, thrombectomy. However, newer RCTs and meta-analyses significantly curtailed the initial enthusiasm for the clinical benefits of routine use of thromboaspiration. </P><P> Conclusion: Selective thromboaspiration for angiographically visible thrombi in MI patients undergoing PCI, as an adjunct to mechanical reperfusion and to IIb/IIIa-inhibitors, may be an option since this manoeuvre may improve procedural and clinical outcome.

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