Bovine Colostrum Supplementation Improves Bone Metabolism in an Osteoporosis-Induced Animal Model

Osteoporosis is characterized by bone loss. The present study aims to investigate the effects of bovine colostrum (BC) on bone metabolism using ovariectomized (OVX) and orchidectomized (ORX) rat models. Twenty-seven-week-old Wistar Han rats were randomly assigned as: (1) placebo control, (2) BC supplementation dose 1 (BC1: 0.5 g/day/OVX, 1 g/day/ORX), (3) BC supplementation dose 2 (BC2: 1 g/day/OVX, 1.5 g/day/ORX) and (4) BC supplementation dose 3 (BC3: 1.5 g/day/OVX, 2 g/day/ORX). Bone microarchitecture, strength, gene expression of VEGFA, FGF2, RANKL, RANK and OPG, and bone resorption/formation markers were assessed after four months of BC supplementation. Compared to the placebo, OVX rats in the BC1 group exhibited significantly higher cortical bone mineral content and trabecular bone mineral content (p < 0.01), while OVX rats in the BC3 group showed significantly higher trabecular bone mineral content (p < 0.05). ORX rats receiving BC dose 2 demonstrated significantly higher levels of trabecular bone mineral content (p < 0.05). Serum osteocalcin in the ORX was pointedly higher in all BC supplementation groups than the placebo (BC1: p < 0.05; BC2, BC3: p < 0.001). Higher doses of BC induced significantly higher relative mRNA expression of OPG, VEGFA, FGF2 and RANKL (p < 0.05). BC supplementation improves bone metabolism of OVX and ORX rats, which might be associated with the activation of the VEGFA, FGF2 and RANKL/RANK/OPG pathways.

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Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis of the bone mineral content in human trabecular bone: A comparison with ICPES and neutron activation analysis

Calcified Tissue International ◽

10.1007/bf00425881 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 236-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

K. Åkesson ◽

M. D. Grynpas ◽

R. G. V. Hancock ◽

R. Odselius ◽

K. J. Obrant

Keyword(s):

Neutron Activation Analysis ◽

Activation Analysis ◽

Neutron Activation ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Trabecular Bone ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Energy Dispersive ◽

X Ray ◽

Human Trabecular Bone

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Bone Metabolism, Bone Mineral Content, and Density in Elite Late Teen Female Sprinters

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1432-2587 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuka Tsukahara ◽

Suguru Torii ◽

Fumihiro Yamasawa ◽

Jun Iwamoto ◽

Takanobu Otsuka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Turnover ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Bone Turnover Markers ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Whole Body ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Intensive Training ◽

Turnover Markers

AbstractWith intensive training, bone injuries are a major concern for athletes. To assess bone condition, we often measure bone turnover markers, bone mineral content and density; however, in junior athletes, it is not easy to distinguish changes caused by bone injuries from those caused by growth, because the metabolism is increased in both cases. Moreover, although some studies have examined female endurance athletes, knowledge regarding changes in static and dynamic bone conditions in late teen athletes is limited. In this study, we measured the bone mineral content and density, as well as bone turnover markers, in 40 elite female sprinters in their late teens. Whole body mode dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to measure bone mineral content and density. Blood samples were collected to determine bone resorption and formation markers at the end of track season in 2016 and during the same period of the following year. Body weight and bone mineral content significantly increased, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5b, bone-type alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin significantly decreased after a year. Furthermore, the rate of change in bone mineral content was higher in younger athletes, indicating that bone growth approaches completion in the late teen years and that bone metabolism accordingly decreases.

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The influence of whole-body vibration on heart rate, stride length, and bone mineral content in the mature exercising horse

Comparative Exercise Physiology ◽

10.3920/cep190073 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 403-408

Author(s):

K. Maher ◽

H. Spooner ◽

R. Hoffman ◽

J. Haffner

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Stride Length ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Whole Body Vibration ◽

Whole Body ◽

Period Effect ◽

Body Vibration

Research in humans suggests whole-body vibration (WBV) aids in maintaining bone mineral content (BMC) yet results in the horse are less favourable. Anecdotally, WBV is reported to reduce pain and improve performance. This study was designed to test the effect of WBV on exercising horses, hypothesising that WBV would lower heart rate (HR) during treatment, increase BMC, modify markers of bone metabolism, and increase stride length. Eleven horses were randomly assigned into control (CON, n=5) or WBV (VIB, n=6) groups for a 28-day treatment period. Both groups exercised for 1 h, 6 d/wk on a mechanical exerciser. VIB horses received 50 Hz WBV for 45 min, 5 days/wk. Third metacarpal radiographs were taken at 0 and 28 days, and BMC determined via radiographic bone aluminium equivalence (RBAE). Blood samples taken at day 0 and 28 were analysed for serum pyridinoline cross-links (PYD) and osteocalcin (OC). Heart rate was analysed on day 23 for 4 horses per group. Stride length was determined while trotting in hand on day 0 and 28. No influence of WBV on RBAE of any bone cortices, PYD or OC was observed (P>0.10); stride length was also unaffected (P=0.88). A period effect was observed for a decrease in RBAE of the lateral cortex (P=0.01), and a trend towards a decrease was noted in total density (P=0.05), likely an effect of stalling. Compared to baseline, ΔHR declined during treatment (P=0.06) in VIB (-4.8±2.8 bpm) compared to control CON (3.0±2.8 bpm). The results suggest, in normal exercising horses, WBV does not increase BMC, influence markers of bone metabolism, or increase stride length.

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Abstract P615: Stress-Induced Changes in Total Bone Mineral Content and Total Bone Mineral Density due to Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Adolescent Females

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.68.suppl_1.p615 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Vishwajeeth Pasham ◽

Deborah Stewart ◽

Laura Carbone ◽

Gregory A Harshfield

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽

Total Bone Mineral Density ◽

Total Bone Mineral Content ◽

The Relationship

Background: Previous literature has shown a strong negative effect of angiotensin II (ANGII) on bone metabolism within mouse models. Additionally, psychological stress has been associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Stress has also been related to lower total bone mineral density (TBMD). However, there is controversy in the literature examining the relationship between the RAAS and bone metabolism within humans and stress has not been considered as a direct link between these systems. Purpose: We aimed to examine the relationship between stress-induced RAAS activation and TBMD and total bone mineral content (TBMC). Methods: Participants were placed on a sodium controlled diet for three days. Participants then underwent two hours rest, one hour mental stressor, and two hours recovery with hourly collections of blood/urine samples. Renin, ANGII, aldosterone, TBMD and TBMC were measured. Results: This study recruited 586 adolescents (mean age 16±1.116) with 51% women and 62% African-American and 38% Caucasian. Overall, relationships were observed between ANGII and aldosterone, and TBMC and TBMD controlling for age, race, and BMI. During stress, aldosterone was related to TBMD (r=-.150, p<0.05) and ANGII was related to TBMC (r=-.156, p<0.05) and TBMD (r=-.139, p<0.05). When comparing males and females, only females demonstrated a relationship between TBMC and ANGII in response to stress (stress: r=-.229, p<0.05; post-stress: r=-.277, p<0.01) and between aldosterone and TBMC (stress: r=-.199, p<0.05) and TBMD (stress: r=-.250, p<0.01). Renin was not significantly correlated with TBMD nor TBMC in any population. Conclusion/Interpretations: These data suggest that stress-induced RAAS activation may be associated with lower TBMD and TBMC in girls. Despite small correlations, consistency across multiple measures of RAAS activation being apparent in adolescents is significant. This observation may indicate that stress activation of RAAS contributes to bone remodeling in early life.

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