scholarly journals Nutrient Intake and Status in Adults Consuming Plant-Based Diets Compared to Meat-Eaters: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Nicole Neufingerl ◽  
Ans Eilander
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Turnover Markers

Health authorities increasingly recommend a more plant-based diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, pulses, whole grains and nuts, low in red meat and moderate in dairy, eggs, poultry and fish which will be beneficial for both health and the environment. A systematic review of observational and intervention studies published between 2000 and January 2020 was conducted to assess nutrient intake and status in adult populations consuming plant-based diets (mainly vegetarian and vegan) with that of meat-eaters. Mean intake of nutrients were calculated and benchmarked to dietary reference values. For micronutrient status, mean concentrations of biomarkers were calculated and compared across diet groups. A total of 141 studies were included, mostly from Europe, South/East Asia, and North America. Protein intake was lower in people following plant-based diets compared to meat-eaters, but well within recommended intake levels. While fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), folate, vitamin C, E and magnesium intake was higher, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake was lower in vegetarians and vegans as compared to meat-eaters. Intake and status of vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, zinc, iodine, calcium and bone turnover markers were generally lower in plant-based dietary patterns compared to meat-eaters. Vegans had the lowest vitamin B12, calcium and iodine intake, and also lower iodine status and lower bone mineral density. Meat-eaters were at risk of inadequate intakes of fiber, PUFA, α-linolenic acid (ALA), folate, vitamin D, E, calcium and magnesium. There were nutrient inadequacies across all dietary patterns, including vegan, vegetarian and meat-based diets. As plant-based diets are generally better for health and the environment, public health strategies should facilitate the transition to a balanced diet with more diverse nutrient-dense plant foods through consumer education, food fortification and possibly supplementation.

The Effect of Calcium or Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Males: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie N. Silk ◽  
David A. Greene ◽  
Michael K. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Healthy Males

Research examining the preventative effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation has focused on children and females, leaving the effects on male bone mineral density (BMD) largely unexplored. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the efficacy of calcium supplementation, with or without vitamin D for improving BMD in healthy males. Medline, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Complete, CINHAHL Plus and PubMed databases were searched for studies including healthy males which provided participants calcium supplementation with or without vitamin D and used changes to BMD as the primary outcome measure. Between trial standardized mean differences of percentage change from baseline in BMD of femoral neck, lumbar spine, total body and total hip sites were calculated. Nine studies were included in the systematic review with six references totaling 867 participants contributing to the meta-analysis. Significant pooled effects size (ES) for comparison between supplementation and control groups were found at all sites included in the meta-analysis. The largest effect was found in total body (ES = 0.644; 95% CI = 0.406–0.883; p < .001), followed by total hip (ES = 0.483, 95% CI= 0.255–0.711, p < .001), femoral neck (ES = 0.402, 95% CI = 0.233–0.570, p = .000) and lumbar spine (ES = 0.306, 95% CI = 0.173–0.440, p < .001). Limited evidence appears to support the use of calcium and vitamin D supplementation for improving BMD in older males. There is a need for high quality randomized controlled trials, especially in younger and middle-aged male cohorts and athletic populations to determine whether supplementation provides a preventative benefit.

scholarly journals Validity of dietary patterns to assess nutrient intake adequacy

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (S2) ◽  
pp. S12-S20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Román-Viñas ◽  
Lourdes Ribas Barba ◽  
Joy Ngo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González ◽  
Trudy M. A. Wijnhoven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Β Carotene

The purpose of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the value of the methods used to assess dietary patterns for measuring nutrient intake adequacy in the population. Systematic review on Pubmed database up to April 2008. The search included specific key words and MeSH terms. No language limit was set. Only studies that compared food patterns with nutrient intake adequacy or nutrient biomarkers were included in the analysis. The search resulted in 1504 articles. The inclusion and exclusion criteria limited the selection to thirty articles. Nineteen studies evaluated the usefulness of the dietary patterns, eithera prioridefined (thirteen studies), or defined by factor analysis (four studies) or by cluster analysis (two studies), but only nine of them tested their validity (foura prioridefined and foura posterioridefined). Diet indices showed moderate to good validity results for measuring the adequacy of intakes for α-carotene, β-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin B6, Ca, folic acid, Fe and Mg. The factor analysis approach showed moderate to good validity correlations with the adequacy of intake of α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, lycopene, vitamin C, vitamin B6and folic acid. Vitamin B12and vitamin E are the micronutrients with less probability of being adequately assessed with dietary patternsa prioriora posterioridefined. Diet indices are tools with fair to moderate validity to assess micronutrient intake adequacy.

scholarly journals Micronutrient Status and Child Growth in Mexico: Results From the 2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 674-674
Author(s):  
Ximena Palma Molina ◽  
Julia Finkelstein ◽  
Saurabh Mehta ◽  
Teresa Shamah-Levy ◽  
Juan RIvera-Dommarco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
National Health ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Z Scores

Abstract Objectives To examine the associations between micronutrient status and child growth, as part of the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Mexico. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2018) were analyzed to examine the association between micronutrient status and child growth in 1,656 children 36 to 59 months of age. Micronutrient biomarkers (serum ferritin (SF), vitamin B12, vitamin D, serum zinc) were measured in venous blood samples via immunoassays. Child weight and height were measured using standardized procedures, and indicators weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ), and body mass index (BMI) Z-scores were calculated using the WHO Anthro V3.1 and categorized as per WHO Child Growth Standards. Micronutrient biomarkers were natural logarithmically transformed prior to analyses. Iron deficiency was defined as SF &lt; 12.0 μg/L and iron insufficiency was defined as SF &lt; 20.0 μg/L. Vitamin B12 deficiency and insufficiency were defined as &lt; 148 and &lt; 221 pmol/L, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as &lt; 50 nmol/L, and zinc deficiency was defined as &lt; 65μg/dL. Survey linear regression models were used to examine associations of micronutrient status with WHO Z-scores. Results Serum ferritin concentrations (β [SE]: 0.096 [0.001], p &lt; 0.0001) and vitamin B12 (0.092 [0.003], p &lt; 0.0001) concentrations were associated with higher WHZ. Vitamin B12 (0.171 [0.004], p &lt; 0.0001), vitamin D (0.358 [0.007], p &lt; 0.0001), and zinc (0.122 [0.006], p &lt; 0.0001) concentrations were associated with higher HAZ. Iron deficiency (β [SE]: -0.469 [0.004], p &lt; 0.0001) and zinc deficiency (-0.203 [0.01], p &lt; 0.0001) were associated with lower WHZ, and vitamin B12 (-0.449 [0.002], p &lt; 0.0001), vitamin D (-0.215 [0.001], p &lt; 0.0001) and zinc (-0.216 [0.01], p &lt; 0.0001) deficiencies were associated with lower HAZ. Conclusions Micronutrient deficiencies of vitamin B12, vitamin D, and zinc were associated with lower linear growth in young children in Mexico. Funding Sources ENSANUT was funded by The Ministry of Health of Mexico.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns, Bone Mineral Density, and Risk of Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez ◽  
Lucía Méndez-Sánchez ◽  
Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre ◽  
Katherine Tucker ◽  
Patricia Clark
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Risk Of Fracture ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the evidence on the relation between dietary patterns, bone mineral density (BMD), and risk of fracture in different age groups. Medline and Embase were searched for articles that identified dietary patterns and related these to BMD or risk of fracture through May 2018. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) comparing the lowest and highest categories of dietary pattern were combined by using a random effects meta-analysis. In total, 31 studies were selected for review, including 18 cohorts, 1 case-control, and 12 cross-sectional studies, in the meta-analysis of Prudent/healthy and Western/unhealthy dietary pattern, BMD, and risk of fracture. There was evidence of a lower risk of fracture when intakes in the highest categories were compared with the lowest categories of Prudent/healthy dietary pattern (OR = 0.81; 95%CI: 0.69, 0.95; p = 0.01). In contrast, when intakes in the highest categories were compared with the lowest categories of Western/unhealthy dietary pattern, a greater risk of fracture (OR = 1.10; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.19; p = 0.01) was observed among men. The present systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence of an inverse association between a Prudent/healthy dietary pattern and risk of low BMD and a positive relation between Western/unhealthy dietary pattern and risk of low BMD.

scholarly journals Correlation between Bone Turnover Markers and Bone Mineral Density in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Anti-Osteoporosis Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyun Hong ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Feng Wu ◽  
Meiqi Wang ◽  
Yu Cen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Turnover Markers

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the correlations between the bone turnover markers (BTMs) and the bone mineral density (BMD) in patients treated for primary osteoporosis and to identify promising BTMs for the prediction of future BMD changes. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies that investigated the relationship between the BTMs and the BMD changes in patients treated for osteoporosis. All significant correlation coefficients of the baseline BTMs or changes in BTMs from baseline with the BMD changes from baseline under different interventions from eligible studies were used for systematic review and the subgroup analyses. The correlations were analyzed in terms of bone sites, intervention, time duration of BTMs measurements, and time duration of BMD measurements. Twenty-two records reporting correlation coefficients and the corresponding p-values were included, 13 of which were enrolled in the further subgroup analyses. The combined results from the systematic review and meta-analyses indicated that the changes in osteocalcin (OC), procollagen type I N propeptide (PINP), and urine N-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type I collagen (U-NTX), or the PINP at baseline tended to be useful in evaluating the long-term BMD changes after drug intervention.

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