scholarly journals Probiotic Supplementation for Promotion of Growth in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Joseph Catania ◽  
Natasha G. Pandit ◽  
Julie M. Ehrlich ◽  
Muizz Zaman ◽  
Elizabeth Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Growth Outcomes ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference

Probiotics are commonly prescribed to promote a healthy gut microbiome in children. Our objective was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on growth outcomes in children 0–59 months of age. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis which included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that administered probiotics to children aged 0–59 months, with growth outcomes as a result. We completed a random-effects meta-analysis and calculated a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) or relative risk (RR) and reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI). We included 79 RCTs, 54 from high-income countries (HIC), and 25 from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). LMIC data showed that probiotics may have a small effect on weight (SMD: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11–0.42, grade-certainty = low) and height (SMD 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06–0.25, grade-certainty = moderate). HIC data did not show any clinically meaningful effect on weight (SMD: 0.01, 95% CI: −0.04–0.05, grade-certainty = moderate), or height (SMD: −0.01, 95% CI: −0.06–0.04, grade-certainty = moderate). There was no evidence that probiotics affected the risk of adverse events. We conclude that in otherwise healthy children aged 0–59 months, probiotics may have a small but heterogenous effect on weight and height in LMIC but not in children from HIC.

Interventions for smoking cessation with supporting of health staff in low - and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis study

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Do Thi Thanh Toan ◽  
Chun Huang- Erick Wan ◽  
Nguyen Thu Anh ◽  
Pham Ngoc Yen ◽  
Luu Ngoc Minh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Resource Limited

The level of smoking cessation support in hospitals are low, especially in resource limited settings. Current healthcare systems are not well organized to address the issue. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions initiated in health facilities in resource-limited settings. A systematic review using meta-analysis techniques was applied. Bibliographic databases included PubMed, Medline, LILACS, the United States Clinical Trials and the Cochrane Collaboration Library. Eligibility criteria included smoking cessation intervention studies were published in English or Vietnamese, from the year 1990 to 2018. Study designs were randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized controlled trials, cohort studies and before and after studies. Populations were limited to those in low and middle-income countries. Interventions were limited smoking cessation programs conducted in health facilities. 17 studies had included for the reviewing. 12 studies had been assessed to the meta-analysis. The proportion of successful smoking cessation in 6 months follow-up were range from 11.7% to 62.2% for the intervention group. In 12 months, follow-up, the abstinence rate ranges from 13.6% to 73%. The popularly of medical staff support the intervention was the physicians (8/17, 47.1%) and doctor (5/17, 29.4%). The evidence from our study suggests that the abstinence rate can be affected by the supporting of medical staff follow the smoking cessation (SC) program.

scholarly journals Non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in low and middle-income countries: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Sarker ◽  
Rina Das ◽  
Saraban Ether ◽  
K. M. Saif-Ur-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Introduction The disease burden caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus is a prime public health concern. The prevalence and rate of deaths from diabetes mellitus in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are higher than the high-income countries. Increased physical activity and a balanced diet are essential and successful measures to prevent the onset of diabetes mellitus. This systematic review aims to explore the available non-pharmacological approaches for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in LMICs. Methods and analysis Six online databases will be explored to get related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English from inception to September 2020, and two coders will independently screen, identify studies, extract data, and assess the risk of bias in each article. The searched articles will be included by applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Joanna Briggs Institute’s tool for RCTs will be used for appraising the trials critically. Narrative synthesis and pooled effect of the interventions will be demonstrated. A meta-analysis will be conducted using the random-effects model if assumptions are fulfilled. Discussion This review is an attempt to explore the available non-pharmacological approaches for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in LMICs. Findings from the review will highlight effective non-pharmacological measures for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus to guide policy for future strategies. Systematic review registration The review protocol has been registered (CRD42020191507).

Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Harms in Low and Middle Income Countries: a Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Brief Motivational Intervention ◽  
Randomized Controlled

BackgroundHarmful alcohol use leads to a large burden of disease and disability which disportionately impacts LMICs. The World Health Organization and the Lancet have issued calls for this burden to be addressed, but issues remain, primarily due to gaps in information. While a variety of interventions have been shown to be effective at reducing alcohol use in HICs, their efficacy in LMICs have yet to be assessed. This systematic review describes the current published literature on alcohol interventions in LMICs and conducts a meta analysis of clinical trials evaluating interventions to reduce alcohol use and harms in LMICs.MethodsIn accordance with PRISMA guidelines we searched the electronic databases Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus,Web of Science, Cochrane, and Psych Info. Articles were eligible if they evaluated an intervention targeting alcohol-related harm in LMICs. After a reference and citation analysis, we conducted a quality assessment per PRISMA protocol. A meta-analysis was performed on the 39 randomized controlled trials that evaluated an alcohol-related outcome.ResultsOf the 3,801 articles from the literature search, 87 articles from 25 LMICs fit the eligibility and inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 39 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Nine of these studies focused specifically on medication, while the others focused on brief motivational intervention, brain stimulation, AUDIT-based brief interventions, WHO ASSIST-based interventions, group based education, basic screening and interventions, brief psychological or counseling, dyadic relapse prevention, group counseling, CBT, motivational + PTSD based interview, and health promotion/awareness. Conclusion Issues in determining feasible options specific to LMICs arise from unstandardized interventions, unequal geographic distribution of intervention implementation, and uncertain effectiveness over time. Current research shows that brain stimulation, psychotherapy, and brief motivational interviews have the potential to be effective in LMIC settings, but further feasibility testing and efforts to standardize results are necessary to accurately assess their effectiveness.

scholarly journals Effects of integrated models of care for diabetes and hypertension in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e043705
Author(s):  
Anke Rohwer ◽  
Jeannine Uwimana Nicol ◽  
Ingrid Toews ◽  
Taryn Young ◽  
Charlotte M Bavuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Integrated Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Integrated Models ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

ObjectivesTo assess the effects of integrated models of care for people with multimorbidity including at least diabetes or hypertension in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) on health and process outcomes.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, Africa-Wide, CINAHL and Web of Science up to 12 December 2019.Eligibility criteriaWe included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, controlled before-and-after studies and interrupted time series (ITS) studies of people with diabetes and/or hypertension plus any other disease, in LMICs; assessing the effects of integrated care.Data extraction and synthesisTwo authors independently screened retrieved records; extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We conducted meta-analysis where possible and assessed certainty of evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.ResultsOf 7568 records, we included five studies—two ITS studies and three cluster RCTs. Studies were conducted in South Africa (n=3), Uganda/Kenya (n=1) and India (n=1). Integrated models of care compared with usual care may make little or no difference to mortality (very low certainty), the number of people achieving blood pressure (BP) or diabetes control (very low certainty) and access to care (very low certainty); may increase the number of people who achieve both HIV and BP/diabetes control (very low certainty); and may have a very small effect on achieving HIV control (very low certainty). Interventions to promote integrated delivery of care compared with usual care may make little or no difference to mortality (very low certainty), depression (very low certainty) and quality of life (very low certainty); and may have little or no effect on glycated haemoglobin (low certainty), systolic BP (low certainty) and total cholesterol levels (low certainty).ConclusionsCurrent evidence on the effects of integrated care on health outcomes is very uncertain. Programmes and policies on integrated care must consider context-specific factors related to health systems and populations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018099314.

School-Based Interventions Targeting Double Burden of Malnutrition and Educational Outcomes of Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Shinde ◽  
Dongqing Wang ◽  
Wafaie W Fawzi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Based Interventions

Abstract BackgroundAdolescence is a period of rapid physical growth and transition between childhood to adulthood. However, in many developing countries, nutritional and epidemiological transitions are contributing to surging overnutrition, which, together with prevalent undernutrition, is resulting in the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among adolescents. Schools as social systems have tremendous but mostly underutilized capacity to facilitate change and address a range of nutritional and associated educational concerns of adolescents and young people. The main objective of this systematic review will be to synthesize the evidence on school-based nutrition interventions that aimed to address the DBM, and the associated educational outcomes among adolescents from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsComprehensive literature searches will be conducted in multiple electronic databases, including the Medline (through PubMed), Embase, CENTRAL (through Cochrane Library), CINAHL, and Google Scholar. We will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after studies, and non-randomized controlled trials examining the effects of nutrition interventions on DBM and educational outcomes among adolescents (10−19−years−old) in LMICs. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations and full-text articles and abstract data. The quality of the included studies will be assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias for RCTs and the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool for controlled before-after studies and non-randomized controlled trials. DiscussionTo maximize the power of schools as a platform to reinforce the mutually beneficial relationship between adolescent nutrition and education, it is imperative to develop and implement integrated interventions connecting schools, adolescents, parents, communities, and the health care system. The results of this systematic review will provide a comprehensive state of current knowledge on the effectiveness of school-based interventions to enable future research that maximizes the impact and efficiency of integrated approaches to tackle multiple forms of malnutrition among school-going and out-of-school adolescents.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO ID: 211109 (under review)

scholarly journals The impact of antibiotics on growth in children in low and middle income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

BMJ ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 348 (apr15 6) ◽  
pp. g2267-g2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Gough ◽  
E. E. M. Moodie ◽  
A. J. Prendergast ◽  
S. M. A. Johnson ◽  
J. H. Humphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income
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