A phylogenetic study of canine parvovirus type 2c in midwestern Brazil

Since the late 1970s, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) has emerged as a causative agent of fatal severe acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. To date, three antigenic types of CPV-2 were described worldwide (CPV-2a/b/c). This study was conducted to determine the variants of CPV-2 circulating in dogs from the Cuiabá Municipality in Midwestern Brazil. Out of 50 fecal samples, collected between 2009 and 2011, 27 tested positive for CPV-2. A 583 bp fragment of the VP2 gene was amplified by PCR, 13 representative samples were analyzed further by DNA sequencing. All strains were characterized as CPV-2c, displayed a low genetic variability although observed several amino acid substitution. These findings indicated that CPV-2c has been circulating in dogs from the Cuiabá Municipality in Midwestern Brazil.

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Molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus type 2 in Italy from 1994 to 2017: recurrence of the CPV-2b variant

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-019-2096-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mara Battilani ◽

Francesco Modugno ◽

Francesco Mira ◽

Giuseppa Purpari ◽

Santina Di Bella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Sequence Analysis ◽

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽

Sequence Types

Abstract Background Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is the most important enteric virus infecting canids. It is a rapidly evolving virus; after its emergence in the 1970s, new antigenic variants (called CPV-2a, 2b and 2c) emerged and replaced the original antigenic type. The three antigenic variants are globally distributed with different frequencies and levels of genetic variability. This study focused on VP2 gene sequence analysis and the phylodynamics of CPV-2 which were detected in 123 dogs showing clinical signs of gastroenteritis collected in Italy from 1994 to 2017. Results For the most part, the sick dogs were young, and a third of them (32.5%) had been vaccinated. No statistical association was found between the CPV-2 antigenic variants, and sex, age, breed and vaccination status. Sequence analysis showed that all three antigenic types circulated in Italy; the CPV-2a type was the prominent genotype, followed by CPV-2c and CPV-2b, with notable differences regarding regional bases and significant fluctuations over time. Nucleotide sequence data showed high genetic heterogeneity with 67 nucleotide sequence types (ntSTs) identified, corresponding to 21 amino acid sequence types (aaSTs). The aaSTs and ntSTs obtained were distributed differently among the three CPV-2 antigenic variants: CPV-2a grouped 12/21 (57.1%) aaSTs and 41/67 (61.2%) ntSTs; CPV-2b grouped 5/21 (23.8%) aaSTs and 6/67 (8.9%) ntSTs, and CPV-2c grouped 4/21 (19.1%) aaSTs and 20/67 (29.9%) ntSTs. Canine parvovirus 2a was characterised by the highest genetic variability while CPV-2c was characterised by notable stability with a predominant amino acid profile during the entire sampling time. Canine parvovirus 2b re-emerged in recent years, showing a new and distinctive amino acid profile of the VP2 protein. Conclusions The findings of the present study provided new insights regarding the phylodynamics and evolution of CPV-2 in Italy, pointing out notable differences at the local level in the distribution of the CPV-2 variants and the selection of genetic subtypes. The evolution of CPV-2 has raised questions regarding the efficacy of vaccination; therefore, continuous monitoring regarding the evolution and spread of new CPV-2 variants should be a key aim of ongoing research.

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Diagnostics and genotyping of Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) from disease cases in south-eastern Poland

Acta veterinaria ◽

10.2478/acve-2019-0002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 32-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marek Kowalczyk ◽

Barbara Majer-Dziedzic ◽

Krzysztof Kostro ◽

Aleksandra Szabelak ◽

Jerzy Ziętek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Position ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Vp2 Protein ◽

Pcr Product ◽

Common Causes ◽

Preventive Vaccination ◽

High Degree ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Abstract Canine parvovirus type 2 is one of the most common causes of death among puppies. Despite preventive vaccination, the disease continues to be diagnosed. The aim of the study was to provide a molecular characterization of CPV-2 isolates found in southeastern Poland. Genetic CPV-2 material was isolated from the blood (n=10) and feces (n=50) of infected dogs. The presence of CPV-2 was confirmed by amplification of sequences coding both VP1 and VP2 protein. The products of the PCR reaction with primers amplifying VP2 protein were sequenced and used for genotyping. Bioinformatics analysis of the sequenced PCR product was performed to determine the phylogenetic relationships with variants recorded in the public databases. Based on the analysis of polymorphism in the nucleotide sequence 7 nucleotide variants were detected and assigned into four amino acid groups. Representatives of three groups contained asparagine at amino acid position 426 of the VP2 protein, which is characteristic of CPV-2a. The variant from the fourth group belonged to type CPV-2b. CPV-2a is the dominant antigenic type of CPV-2 in Poland. The pathogen’s high degree of polymorphism is manifested not only by the presence of numerous variants within the type, but also by the presence of representatives of type CPV-2b. Further studies of the molecular epidemiology of CPV-2 are necessary to optimize the effectiveness of preventive measures.

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Molecular characteristics of the capsid protein VP2 gene of canine parvovirus type 2 amplified from raccoon dogs in Hebei province, China

Archives of Virology ◽

10.1007/s00705-020-04714-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 165 (11) ◽

pp. 2453-2459

Author(s):

Rongguang Lu ◽

Yongle Yu ◽

Xiangyu Zhu ◽

Qiumei Shi ◽

Yang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Capsid Protein ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Hebei Province ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Vp2 Gene ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽

Raccoon Dogs

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Investigation on Canine parvovirus circulation in dogs from Sicily (Italy) by biomolecular assay

Acta veterinaria ◽

10.2478/acve-2018-0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 80-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Purpari Giuseppa ◽

Mira Francesco ◽

Di Bella Santina ◽

Di Pietro Simona ◽

Giudice Elisabetta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Isolate ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Vp2 Gene ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Canine Population ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Abstract Canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2) is a DNA virus that causes a very common worldwide diffused infectious disease in dogs. Since its appearance, the CPV-2 evolved generating novel genetic and antigenic variants (CPV-2a/2b/2c) which are distributed throughout the world. In the present study, the frequency of CPV-2 in a canine population in Sicily (Italy) was investigated, using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for a fragment of the VP2 gene. Out of a total of 673 samples from 370 dogs, submitted to the laboratory from July 2009 to August 2015, 265 samples (39.38%) were positive and these were further analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequence analysis. A high prevalence of the CPV-2c variant (79.56% of CPV-2 positive dogs) was observed in this survey, underlining that this type of CPV field isolate is prevalent circulating in Sicily. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship with CPV-2a and CPV-2c strains from Europe and non-European countries. Considering that CPV-2c is reaching a worldwide distribution and that this variant is also affecting vaccinated dogs, efforts should be made towards the development of new CPV vaccines.

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Risk and Environmental Factors Associated with the Presence of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 in Diarrheic Dogs from Thessaly, Central Greece

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10050590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 590

Author(s):

Maria Kantere ◽

Labrini V. Athanasiou ◽

Alexios Giannakopoulos ◽

Vassilis Skampardonis ◽

Marina Sofia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Working Dogs ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) primarily infects dogs, which are the main host reservoir, causing severe gastrointestinal disease associated with immunosuppression. The present study was conducted in Thessaly, Greece and aimed to identify risk and environmental factors associated with CPV-2 infection in diarrheic dogs. Fecal samples were collected from 116 dogs presenting diarrhea and were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of CPV-2 DNA. Supplementary data regarding clinical symptoms, individual features, management factors and medical history were also gathered for each animal during clinical evaluation. Sixty-eight diarrheic dogs were found to be positive for the virus DNA in their feces. Statistical analysis revealed that CPV-2 DNA was less likely to be detected in senior dogs, while working dogs, namely hounds and shepherds, had higher odds to be positive for the virus. Livestock density and land uses, specifically the categories of discontinuous urban fabric and of human population density, were identified as significant environmental parameters associated with CPV-2 infection by using Geographical Information System (GIS) together with the Ecological Niche Model (ENM). This is the first description of the environmental variables associated with the presence of CPV-2 DNA in dogs’ feces in Greece.

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Isolation of a virus related to canine parvovirus type 2 from a raccoon (Procyon lotor)

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.b5587 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 166 (1) ◽

pp. 24-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. Kapil ◽

G. Rezabek ◽

B. Germany ◽

L. Johnston

Keyword(s):

Procyon Lotor ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2

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Frequency of Canine Parvovirus Type-2 Variants by PCR in Enteric and Healthy Dogs and Genotyping of Variants by Restriction Enzyme (RE) Mapping by DdeI Endonuclease Based on Partial VP-2 Gene Sequence

Molecular Genetics Microbiology and Virology ◽

10.3103/s0891416818020027 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 151-155

Author(s):

N. Abedi ◽

H. Staji ◽

E. Shahroozian

Keyword(s):

Restriction Enzyme ◽

Gene Sequence ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2

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Localization of the VP2 Protein of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 on the Baculovirus Envelop and Its Immunogenicity in a Mouse Model

Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.4236/ojvm.2012.24028 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 02 (04) ◽

pp. 178-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chih H. Tsai ◽

Jing Y. Wang ◽

Xin G. Xu ◽

De W. Tong ◽

Hsin Y. Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Vp2 Protein ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2

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Genetic characterisation and local genotypes of canine parvovirus strains collected from pet dogs in central and eastern China during 2018–2019

Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2478/jvetres-2020-0076 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 477-486

Author(s):

Wen Hu ◽

Liangyan Zheng ◽

Xin Xu ◽

Qiang Liu ◽

Jun Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Zhejiang Province ◽

Central China ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Amino Acid Mutations ◽

Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽

Major Amino Acid

AbstractIntroductionCanine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2) causes acute infectious diseases in puppies, which show high morbidity and mortality. Better effect of vaccination against these diseases could be achieved with deeper knowledge of CPV-2 genotype dissemination and mutation history. This study investigated CPV-2–positive samples collected recently over a wide region of China.Material and MethodsA total of 118 faecal samples from dogs identified as CPV-positive were collected from veterinary clinics in central and eastern China. Overall, 16 strains collected from Anhui, 29 from Henan, and 16 from Zhejiang Province were sequenced to determine the genotypic composition of CPV-2 and mutational complexity of CPV-VP2.ResultsThe CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c genotypes were detected in Anhui and Henan Provinces, while CPV-2c alone was detected in Zhejiang Province. Sequence analysis of all strains showed 98.5%–99.8%, 98.3%–99.9%, and 98.7%–99.8% identity among the 16 Anhui, 29 Henan, and 16 Zhejiang strains, respectively. Strains collected from Anhui and Henan Provinces showed lower identity (97.0%), suggesting greater genetic divergence in central China. The mutation rates of Henan and Anhui strains were lower than that of Zhejiang strains. Major amino acid mutations occurred at sites 5, 370, 426, and 440. Epitope and entropy analyses implied these sites’ likely conformance to the principles of mutation tendency, complexity, and diversity.ConclusionThe findings for the evolutionary structure of CPV-2 strains collected from three provinces in central and eastern China advance trend monitoring of the genetic variation in canine parvovirus and point to its implications in the development of novel vaccines.

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