scholarly journals Influence of Iron on Bone Homeostasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enikő Balogh ◽  
György Paragh ◽  
Viktória Jeney
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Osteoblast Differentiation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Skeletal Integrity

Bone homeostasis is a complex process, wherein osteoclasts resorb bone and osteoblasts produce new bone tissue. For the maintenance of skeletal integrity, this sequence has to be tightly regulated and orchestrated. Iron overload as well as iron deficiency disrupt the delicate balance between bone destruction and production, via influencing osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation as well as activity. Iron overload as well as iron deficiency are accompanied by weakened bones, suggesting that balanced bone homeostasis requires optimal—not too low, not too high—iron levels. The goal of this review is to summarize our current knowledge about how imbalanced iron influence skeletal health. Better understanding of this complex process may help the development of novel therapeutic approaches to deal with the pathologic effects of altered iron levels on bone.

Erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness: From iron deficiency to iron overload

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (Suppl. 69) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
DER-CHERNG TARNG ◽  
TUNG-PO HUANG ◽  
TZEN WEN CHEN ◽  
WU-CHANG YANG
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Overload

scholarly journals Regulatory T Cell-Enhancing Therapies to Treat Atherosclerosis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Hafid Ait-Oufella ◽  
Jean-Rémi Lavillegrand ◽  
Alain Tedgui
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Coronary Patients ◽  
Cell Subpopulations ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process ◽  
T Cell Subpopulations ◽  
Disease Analysis

Experimental studies have provided strong evidence that chronic inflammation triggered by the sub-endothelial accumulation of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in arteries is essential in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Recent clinical trials highlighting the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapies in coronary patients have confirmed that this is also true in humans Monocytes/macrophages are central cells in the atherosclerotic process, but adaptive immunity, through B and T lymphocytes, as well as dendritic cells, also modulates the progression of the disease. Analysis of the role of different T cell subpopulations in murine models of atherosclerosis identified effector Th1 cells as proatherogenic, whereas regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to protect against atherosclerosis. For these reasons, better understanding of how Tregs influence the atherosclerotic process is believed to provide novel Treg-targeted therapies to combat atherosclerosis. This review article summarizes current knowledge about the role of Tregs in atherosclerosis and discusses ways to enhance their function as novel immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches against cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Jinyu Zhang ◽  
Stella C. Ogbu ◽  
Phillip R. Musich ◽  
Douglas P. Thewke ◽  
Zhiqiang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Mesenchymal Phenotype ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Endothelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Key Pathways ◽  
Endothelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive condition in which the wall of the artery develops abnormalities and causes thickening of the blood vessels. The development of atherosclerosis is a complex process characterized by vascular inflammation and the growth of atherosclerotic plaques that eventually lead to compromised blood flow. The endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a phenomenon whereby endothelial cells lose their endothelial properties and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype similar to myofibroblast and smooth muscle cells. This process is considered a key contributor to the development and, importantly, the progression of atherosclerosis. Thus, therapeutically targeting the EndMT will provide a broad strategy to attenuate the development of atherosclerosis. Here, we review our current knowledge of EndMT in atherosclerosis including several key pathways such as hypoxia, TGF-β signaling, inflammation, and environmental factors during the development of atherosclerosis. In addition, we discuss several transgenic mouse models for studying atherosclerosis. Taken together, rapidly accelerating knowledge and continued studies promise further progress in preventing this common chronic disease.

scholarly journals Thy1 is a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation and modulates bone homeostasis in obese mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 3174-3183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananta Paine ◽  
Collynn F. Woeller ◽  
Hengwei Zhang ◽  
Maria Luz Garcia-Hernandez ◽  
Nelson Huertas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteoblast Differentiation ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Positive Regulator

Advances in the Biology and Genetics of the Podocytopathies: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Barisoni ◽  
H. William Schnaper ◽  
Jeffrey B. Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Glomerular Diseases ◽  
Podocyte Injury ◽  
Collapsing Glomerulopathy ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Glomerular Morphology

AbstractContext.—Etiologic factors and pathways leading to altered podocyte phenotype are clearly numerous and involve the activity of different cellular function.Objective.—To focus on recent discoveries in podocyte biology and genetics and their relevance to these human glomerular diseases, named podocytopathies.Data Sources.—Genetic mutations in genes encoding for proteins in the nucleus, slit diaphragm, podocyte cytoplasm, and cell membrane are responsible for podocyte phenotype and functional abnormalities. Podocyte injury may also derive from secondary stimuli, such as mechanical stress, infections, or use of certain medications. Podocytes can respond to injury in a limited number of ways, which include (1) effacement, (2) apoptosis, (3) arrest of development, and (4) dedifferentiation. Each of these pathways results in a specific glomerular morphology: minimal change nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, diffuse mesangial sclerosis, and collapsing glomerulopathy.Conclusions.—Based on current knowledge of podocyte biology, we organized etiologic factors and morphologic features in a taxonomy of podocytopathies, which provides a novel approach to the classification of these diseases. Current and experimental therapeutic approaches are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Dual Role of Oat Bran Water Extract in Bone Homeostasis Through the Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoblast Differentiation

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Hye Kim ◽  
Kwang-Jin Kim ◽  
Hyeon Kang ◽  
Young-Jin Son ◽  
Sik-Won Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteoblast Differentiation ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Oat Bran

The number of patients with bone metabolic disorders including osteoporosis is increasing worldwide. These disorders often facilitate bone fractures, which seriously impact the patient’s quality of life and could lead to further health complications. Bone homeostasis is tightly regulated to balance bone resorption and formation. However, many anti-osteoporotic agents are broadly categorized as either bone forming or anti-resorptive, and their therapeutic use is often limited due to unwanted side effects. Therefore, safe and effective therapeutic agents are needed for osteoporosis. This study aims to clarify the bone protecting effects of oat bran water extract (OBWE) and its mode of action. OBWE inhibited RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand)-induced osteoclast differentiation by blocking c-Fos/NFATc1 through the alteration of I-κB. Furthermore, we found that OBWE enhanced BMP-2-stimulated osteoblast differentiation by the induction of Runx2 via Smad signaling molecules. In addition, the anti-osteoporotic activity of OBWE was also evaluated using an in vivo model. OBWE significantly restored ovariectomy-induced bone loss. These in vitro and in vivo results showed that OBWE has the potential to prevent and treat bone metabolic disorders including osteoporosis.

Iron Homeostasis and Disorders in Dogs and Cats: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. McCown ◽  
Andrew J. Specht
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Living Organisms

Iron is an essential element for nearly all living organisms and disruption of iron homeostasis can lead to a number of clinical manifestations. Iron is used in the formation of both hemoglobin and myoglobin, as well as numerous enzyme systems of the body. Disorders of iron in the body include iron deficiency anemia, anemia of inflammatory disease, and iron overload. This article reviews normal iron metabolism, disease syndromes of iron imbalance, diagnostic testing, and treatment of either iron deficiency or excess. Recent advances in diagnosing iron deficiency using reticulocyte indices are reviewed.

scholarly journals An overview of microtubule targeting agents for cancer therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-172
Author(s):  
Bensu Karahalil ◽  
Sevgi Yardım-Akaydin ◽  
Sultan Nacak Baytas
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Microtubule Targeting Agents ◽  
Traditional Drug ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
New Generation

AbstractThe entire world is looking for effective cancer therapies whose benefits would outweigh their toxicity. One way to reduce resistance to chemotherapy and its adverse effects is the so called targeted therapy, which targets specific molecules (“molecular targets”) that play a critical role in cancer growth, progression, and metastasis. One such specific target are microtubules. In this review we address the current knowledge about microtubule-targeting agents or drugs (MTAs/MTDs) used in cancer therapy from their synthesis to toxicities. Synthetic and natural MTAs exhibit antitumor activity, and preclinical and clinical studies have shown that their anticancer effectiveness is higher than that of traditional drug therapies. Furthermore, MTAs involve a lower risk of adverse effects such as neurotoxicity and haemotoxicity. Several new generation MTAs are currently being evaluated for clinical use. This review brings updated information on the benefits of MTAs, therapeutic approaches, advantages, and challenges in their research.

scholarly journals Oral iron administration in suckling piglets – a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Svoboda ◽  
Karolína Píšťková
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
Iron Dextran ◽  
Iron Chelates ◽  
Iron Administration ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Review Current

Iron deficiency is presently a serious problem in suckling piglets on pig farms. The most often used method of anaemia prevention in piglets is parenteral administration of iron dextran. Oral iron represents an alternative to this method. The goal of this article is to review current knowledge on oral iron administration in suckling piglets. The substances that can be used for this purpose include iron dextran, iron salts, iron chelates, carbonyl iron, an iron polymaltose complex and iron microparticles. The different methods of oral iron administration in piglets are discussed.

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