scholarly journals Probing Small Distances in Live Cell Imaging

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Verena Richter ◽  
Peter Lanzerstorfer ◽  
Julian Weghuber ◽  
Herbert Schneckenburger
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Structured Illumination ◽  
Structured Illumination Microscopy ◽  
Axial Tomography

For probing small distances in living cells, methods of super-resolution microscopy and molecular sensing are reported. A main requirement is low light exposure to maintain cell viability and to avoid photobleaching of relevant fluorophores. From this point of view, Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM), Axial Tomography, Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (TIRFM) and often a combination of these methods are used. To show the high potential of these techniques, measurements on cell-substrate topology as well as on intracellular translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 are described. In addition, molecular parameters can be deduced from spectral data, fluorescence lifetimes or non-radiative energy transfer (FRET) between a donor and an acceptor molecule. As an example, FRET between the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) is described. Since this interaction, as well as further processes of cellular signaling (e.g., translocation of GLUT4) are sensitive to stimulation by pharmaceutical agents, methods (e.g., TIRFM) are transferred from a fluorescence microscope to a multi-well reader system for simultaneous detection of large cell populations.

Expression of HER-2/neu, epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor in small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a clinicopathologic and prognostic study

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tangjitgamol ◽  
P. T. Ramirez ◽  
C. C. Sun ◽  
H. T. See ◽  
A. Jhingran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Egfr Expression ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

We studied the immunohistochemical expression of HER-2/neu, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR) in uterine cervical small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SCNECs and LCNECs) from 24 patients seen at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. The objectives were to determine their expression and prognostic role in survival. Twenty-three cases (95.8%) expressed VEGF. The tumors expressing EGFR, HER-2/neu, and COX-2 were modest in numbers: eight (33.3%), 10 (41.7%), and seven (29.2%), respectively. Only one tumor (4.2%) expressed ER, and only two tumors (8.3%) expressed PR. No significant differences in the expression of these factors were found between SCNECs and LCNECs or between stage I and stage II–III tumors. The median overall survival was 21.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.2–25.0 months). Only HER-2/neu expression was significantly associated with survival. Patients with negative HER-2/neu expression tumors had significantly shorter survival than those whose tumors were positive, 14.2 months (95% CI, 10.6−17.7 months) versus 33.1 months (95% CI, 0−76.92 months) (P = 0.03). There was a trend toward worse survival in patients with EGFR expression, but this finding was not significant. The combination of negative HER-2/neu expression and positive EGFR expression had the worst impact on survival.

Selective Demonstration of Mural Nerves in Ganglionic and Aganglionic Colon by Immunohistochemistry for Glucose Transporter-1

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (9) ◽  
pp. 1314-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Kakita ◽  
Kiyohiko Oshiro ◽  
D. Sean O'Briain ◽  
Prem Puri
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Hirschsprung Disease ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Glut 1 ◽  
Rectal Biopsies

Abstract Objective.—Hypertrophic nerves have long been considered a histopathologic feature of the aganglionic segment in Hirschsprung disease, but they remain incompletely explained. The purpose of this study was to define the nature and diagnostic importance of hypertrophic nerves in Hirschsprung disease and to clarify their relation to nearby smaller nerve fibers. Methods.—We used an immunoperoxidase staining technique to compare the distribution of 2 nerve markers—erythrocyte-type glucose transporter (GLUT-1), a marker of perineurium, and nerve growth factor receptor, a marker of both nerve fibers and perineurium—in aganglionic tissue (12 resected specimens and 4 rectal biopsies) and control tissue (6 autopsy specimens and 17 rectal biopsies) of children. Results.—In control ganglionic tissue, the myenteric and submucosal areas contained only occasional GLUT-1–positive nerves (usually less than 50 μm in diameter), but extramural extrinsic (serosal) nerves were invariably positive for GLUT-1. In aganglionic tissue, GLUT-1–positive nerves in the myenteric and submucosal areas were frequent and included both large (50–150 μm) and small (<50 μm) diameter nerves. Nerve growth factor receptor–positive fibers were frequent in all layers of all tissue studied. In aganglionic bowel, a distinct perineurium could be identified in the largest nerves, but nerve growth factor receptor had poor discrimination for small perineurium-sheathed nerves. Conclusion.—Most nerves, of both large and small diameter, in the myenteric and submucosal plexus of aganglionic bowel are GLUT-1 positive. Serosal extrinsic nerves stain identically, supporting the interpretation that the mural nerves are of extrinsic origin. Mural GLUT-1–positive nerves, when they are multiple and especially when they are greater than 50 μm in diameter (a figure which may be used as a threshold for hypertrophic nerves), are suggestive of Hirschsprung disease.

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