In-Fiber Interferometric-Based Sensors: Overview and Recent Advances

In-fiber interferometric-based sensors are a rapidly growing field, as these sensors exhibit many desirable characteristics compared to their regular fiber-optic counterparts and are being implemented in many promising devices. These sensors have the capability to make extremely accurate measurements on a variety of physical or chemical quantities such as refractive index, temperature, pressure, curvature, concentration, etc. This article is a comprehensive overview of the different types of in-fiber interferometric sensors that presents and discusses recent developments in the field. Basic configurations, a brief approach of the operating principle and recent applications are introduced for each interferometric architecture, making it easy to compare them and select the most appropriate one for the application at hand.

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Recent Advances on Annulation Reactions with Allyl and Propargyl Sulfonium Salts

Synthesis ◽

10.1055/a-1578-2911 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qing-Zhu Li ◽

Wen-Lin Zou ◽

Zhi-Qiang Jia ◽

Jun-Long Li

Keyword(s):

Building Blocks ◽

Sulfonium Salt ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Sulfonium Salts ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Sulfur Ylide

Allyl and propargyl sulfonium salts are readily available reagents and have recently emerged as versatile building blocks in the assembly of cyclic skeletons. As an alternative to the classical sulfonium salts, allyl and propargyl sulfonium salts can convert to the corresponding vinyl sulfur ylide or allenic sulfonium salt intermediates that contain diverse nucleophilic or electrophilic reactive positions, thereby enabling a great variety of annulation reactions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent developments on this growing field by summarizing the annulation reactions involving allyl and propargyl sulfonium salts.

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Recent advances in fiber-optic F-P interferometric sensors

10.1117/12.725938 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yun-Jiang Rao

Keyword(s):

Fiber Optic ◽

Interferometric Sensors ◽

Recent Advances

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Recent developments in III–V semiconducting nanowires for high-performance photodetectors

Materials Chemistry Frontiers ◽

10.1039/c6qm00279j ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 630-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Lifan Shen ◽

Edwin Y. B. Pun ◽

Johnny C. Ho

Keyword(s):

Infrared Spectra ◽

High Performance ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Semiconducting Nanowires ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Uv Visible

We present a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in III–V NW-based photodetectors operating in the UV, visible and infrared spectra range.

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Ultrasensitive Gas Refractometer Using Capillary-Based Mach–Zehnder Interferometer

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20041191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1191 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Haijin Chen ◽

Xuehao Hu ◽

Meifan He ◽

Pengfei Ren ◽

Chao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Low Cost ◽

Narrow Slit ◽

The Core ◽

Interferometric Sensors ◽

Crystal Fibers ◽

Processing Techniques ◽

Core Modes ◽

Fiber Processing

In this paper, we report a capillary-based Mach–Zehnder (M–Z) interferometer that could be used for precise detection of variations in refractive indices of gaseous samples. The sensing mechanism is quite straightforward. Cladding and core modes of a capillary are simultaneously excited by coupling coherent laser beams to the capillary cladding and core, respectively. An interferogram would be generated as the light transmitted from the core interferes with the light transmitted from the cladding. Variations in the refractive index of the air filling the core lead to variations in the phase difference between the core and cladding modes, thus shifting the interference fringes. Using a photodiode together with a narrow slit, we could interrogate the fringe shifts. The resolution of the sensor was found to be ~5.7 × 10−8 RIU (refractive index unit), which is comparable to the highest resolution obtained by other interferometric sensors reported in previous studies. Finally, we also analyze the temperature cross sensitivity of the sensor. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate that the ultra-sensitive sensing of gas refractive index could be realized by simply using a single capillary fiber rather than some complex fiber-optic devices such as photonic crystal fibers or other fiber-optic devices fabricated via tricky fiber processing techniques. This capillary sensor, while featuring an ultrahigh resolution, has many other advantages such as simple structure, ease of fabrication, straightforward sensing principle, and low cost.

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New Work on Speech Acts

10.1093/oso/9780198738831.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Keyword(s):

Speech Acts ◽

Speech Act ◽

Speech Act Theory ◽

New Work ◽

Half Century ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Current Thinking ◽

Semantics And Pragmatics ◽

Recent Developments ◽

The Relationship

The essays collected in this book represent recent advances in our understanding of speech acts-actions like asserting, asking, and commanding that speakers perform when producing an utterance. The study of speech acts spans disciplines, and embraces both the theoretical and scientific concerns proper to linguistics and philosophy as well as the normative questions that speech acts raise for our politics, our societies, and our ethical lives generally. It is the goal of this book to reflect the diversity of current thinking on speech acts as well as to bring these conversations together, so that they may better inform one another. Topics explored in this book include the relationship between sentence grammar and speech act potential; the fate of traditional frameworks in speech act theory, such as the content-force distinction and the taxonomy of speech acts; and the ways in which speech act theory can illuminate the dynamics of hostile and harmful speech. The book takes stock of well over a half century of thinking about speech acts, bringing this classicwork in linewith recent developments in semantics and pragmatics, and pointing the way forward to further debate and research.

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Cardiac Organoids to Model and Heal Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9050563 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 563

Author(s):

Magali Seguret ◽

Eva Vermersch ◽

Charlène Jouve ◽

Jean-Sébastien Hulot

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Drug Testing ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Cardiac Tissue Engineering ◽

Cardiac Cells ◽

Cardiac Functions ◽

Different Types ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Human Cardiac Tissue ◽

Key Aspects

Cardiac tissue engineering aims at creating contractile structures that can optimally reproduce the features of human cardiac tissue. These constructs are becoming valuable tools to model some of the cardiac functions, to set preclinical platforms for drug testing, or to alternatively be used as therapies for cardiac repair approaches. Most of the recent developments in cardiac tissue engineering have been made possible by important advances regarding the efficient generation of cardiac cells from pluripotent stem cells and the use of novel biomaterials and microfabrication methods. Different combinations of cells, biomaterials, scaffolds, and geometries are however possible, which results in different types of structures with gradual complexities and abilities to mimic the native cardiac tissue. Here, we intend to cover key aspects of tissue engineering applied to cardiology and the consequent development of cardiac organoids. This review presents various facets of the construction of human cardiac 3D constructs, from the choice of the components to their patterning, the final geometry of generated tissues, and the subsequent readouts and applications to model and treat cardiac diseases.

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Adaptive Phase Noise Cancellation Technique for Fiber-Optic Interferometric Sensors

Journal of Lightwave Technology ◽

10.1109/jlt.2021.3075781 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Mikhail Yurievich Plotnikov ◽

Anton V Volkov

Keyword(s):

Phase Noise ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Noise Cancellation ◽

Interferometric Sensors

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Nothing but hot air?—On the molecular ballistic analysis of backspatter generated by and the hazard potential of blank guns

International Journal of Legal Medicine ◽

10.1007/s00414-021-02541-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jan Euteneuer ◽

Annica Gosch ◽

Cornelius Courts

Keyword(s):

Correct Identification ◽

Str Typing ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Biological Investigation ◽

Biological Targets ◽

Hazard Potential ◽

Hot Air ◽

Different Types ◽

Blank Cartridge ◽

Blank Cartridges

AbstractBlank cartridge guns are prevalent especially in countries with laws restricting access to conventional firearms, and it is a common misconception that these weapons are harmless and only used as toys or for intimidation. However, although their harming potential is well-documented by numerous reports of accidents, suicides, and homicides, a systematic molecular biological investigation of traces generated by shots from blank cartridges at biological targets has not been done so far. Herein, we investigate the occurrence and analyzability of backspatter generated by shots of different types of blank cartridge guns firing different types of blank ammunition at ballistic gelatin model cubes doped with human blood and radiological contrast agent soaked into a spongious matrix and covered with three different variants of skin simulants. All skin simulants were penetrated, and backspatter was created in 100% of the shots in amounts sufficient for forensic short tandem repeat (STR) typing that resulted in the correct identification of the respective blood donor. Visible backspatter was documented on the muzzle and/or inside the barrel in all cases, and in 75% of cases also on the outer surfaces and on the shooter’s hand(s). Wound cavities were measured and ranged between 1 and 4.5 cm in depth. Discussing our findings, we provide recommendations for finding, recovering, and analyzing trace material from blank guns, and we demonstrate the considerable hazard potential of these devices, which is further emphasized by the presentation of a comprehensive overview of the pertinent literature on injuries inflicted by blank guns.

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Introduction to the Special Issue “Radiative Transfer in the Earth Atmosphere”

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12040479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 479

Author(s):

Irina Sokolik

Keyword(s):

Radiative Transfer ◽

Earth Atmosphere ◽

Special Issue ◽

The Earth ◽

Radiative Impact ◽

Different Types ◽

Recent Developments

This Special Issue aims at addressing the recent developments towards improving our understanding of the diverse radiative impact of different types of aerosols and clouds [...]

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