scholarly journals Pomological Characteristics and Ploidy Levels of Japanese Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) Cultivars Preserved in Poland

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Głowacka ◽  
Mirosław Sitarek ◽  
Elżbieta Rozpara ◽  
Małgorzata Podwyszyńska

Research on the resistance to frost, susceptibility to sharka, flowering biology, fruit setting, yield, and ploidy levels of 36 Japanese plum cultivars (mostly hybrids of Prunus salicina with Prunus cerasifera) were carried out in 2015–2020 at the Experimental Orchard located in Dąbrowice near Skierniewice. Relatively mild winters with sporadic temperature drops to nearly −21 °C in January of 2017 and 2018 caused slight damage to several cultivars of Japanese plum insufficiently resistant to frost. The trees of most cultivars remained healthy, with no signs of damage. ‘Barkhatnaya’ and ‘Tatyana’ cultivars turned out to be very susceptible to sharka. ‘Herkules’ trees were the most vigorous. ‘Barkhatnaja’, ‘Blue Gigant’, ‘Shater’, and ‘Tatyana’ trees were characterized by weak growth. The trees of Japanese plum started flowering early, usually in the first or second decade of April. Most of the cultivars belonged to early season cultivars, the fruits of which ripened in July. Based on the assessment of tree productivity, ‘Barkhatnaya’, ‘Inese’, ‘Shater’, ‘Tatyana’, and ‘Vanier’ are the best for growing in the climate of Central Europe. ‘Tsernushka’, ‘Chuk’, ‘Dofi Sandra’, ‘Early Golden’, ‘Ewierch Rannyj’, ‘Yevraziya’, ‘Gek’, ‘General’, ‘Kometa’, ‘Kometa Late’, ‘Maschenka’, and ‘Naidyona’ trees also yielded well. ‘Blue Gigant’, ‘Black Amber’, and ‘Herkules’ had the largest fruits, and ‘Chuk’ and ‘Inese’ cultivars produced the smallest fruits. Among the assessed Japanese plum cultivars, those with round fruit, dark skin with various shades of purple, yellow flesh, and A cytometric analysis showed that almost all cultivars are diploid, except for ‘Herkules’ (possibly pentaploid) and ‘Yevraziya’ (possibly hexaploid or aneuploid).

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Pérez-Romero ◽  
Antonio Daza ◽  
Juan Francisco Herencia ◽  
Francisco Theodoro Arroyo

Nitrogen and carbohydrate (soluble sugars and starch) reserves were analysed in twig samples of ‘Red Beaut’ and ‘Showtime’ Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cultivars cultivated in two similar experimental orchards under organic and conventional management. ‘Red Beaut’ is a vigorous cultivar while ‘Showtime’ is a middle to low vigorous cultivar. Both cultivars exhibited delayed flowering and premature defoliation under organic management. In general, there were no differences in the concentration of reserves between the two types of management for either of the two plum cultivars, and, likewise, no differences were observed between cultivars, regardless of their vigor. Additionally, reserves were also analysed in plantlets of ‘Mariana 2624’ rootstock (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh × Prunus munsoniana W. Wight & Hedrick) grown in a growth chamber that simulated conditions of spring and autumn periods and subjected to organic or mineral fertilisation. Plants subjected to organic fertilisation were smaller and defoliated earlier, but the sizes of carbohydrate and nitrogen reserves were similar to that of plants grown with mineral fertilisation. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Roca ◽  
José Julián Ríos ◽  
Alexandra Chahuaris ◽  
Antonio Pérez-Gálvez

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
M. Nicolás-Almansa ◽  
J.A. Salazar ◽  
M. Rubio ◽  
A. Guevara ◽  
A. Carrillo ◽  
...  

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acuña ◽  
Rivas ◽  
Brambilla ◽  
Cerrillo ◽  
Frusso ◽  
...  

The genetic diversity of 14 Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl) landraces adapted to an ecosystem of alternating flooding and dry conditions was characterized using neutral simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Twelve SSRs located in six chromosomes of the Prunus persica reference genome resulted to be polymorphic, thus allowing identification of all the evaluated landraces. Differentiation between individuals was moderate to high (average shared allele distance (DAS) = 0.64), whereas the genetic diversity was high (average indices polymorphism information content (PIC) = 0.62, observed heterozygosity (Ho) = 0.51, unbiased expected heterozygosity (uHe) = 0.70). Clustering and genetic structure approaches grouped all individuals into two major groups that correlated with flesh color. This finding suggests that the intuitive breeding practices of growers tended to select plum trees according to specific phenotypic traits. These neutral markers were adequate for population genetic studies and cultivar identification. Furthermore, we assessed the SSR flanking genome regions (25 kb) in silico to search for candidate genes related to stress resistance or associated with other agronomic traits of interest. Interestingly, at least 26 of the 118 detected genes seem to be related to fruit quality, plant development, and stress resistance. This study suggests that the molecular characterization of specific landraces of Japanese plum that have been adapted to extreme agroecosystems is a useful approach to localize candidate genes which are potentially interesting for breeding.


Fruits ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Sharma ◽  
Ram Roshan Sharma ◽  
Ram Krishna Pal ◽  
Md. Jameel Jhalegar ◽  
Jagvir Singh ◽  
...  

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