scholarly journals Context-Dependent Effects of Trichoderma Seed Inoculation on Anthracnose Disease and Seed Yield of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): Ambient Conditions Override Cultivar-Specific Differences

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
Karina Gutiérrez-Moreno ◽  
Michelina Ruocco ◽  
Maurilia Maria Monti ◽  
Octavio Martínez de la Vega ◽  
Martin Heil
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Fungi

Root colonizing Trichoderma fungi can stimulate plant immunity, but net effects are strain × cultivar-specific and changing ambient conditions further contribute to variable outcomes. Here, we used four Trichoderma spp. to inoculate seeds of four common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars and explored in three different experimental setups the effects on fungal anthracnose after leaf inoculation with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Plants growing in pots with field soil under greenhouse conditions exhibited the highest and those in the open field the lowest overall levels of disease. Among 48 Trichoderma strain × bean cultivar × setup combinations, Trichoderma-inoculation enhanced disease in six and decreased disease in ten cases, but with the exception of T. asperellum B6-inoculated Negro San Luis beans, the strain × cultivar-specific effects on anthracnose severity differed among the setups, and anthracnose severity did not predict seed yield in the open field. In the case of Flor de Mayo beans, Trichoderma even reduced yield in anthracnose-free field plots, although this effect was counterbalanced in anthracnose-infected plots. We consider our work as a case study that calls for stronger emphasis on field experiments in the early phases of screenings of Trichoderma inoculants as plant biostimulants.

scholarly journals Histochemical changes induced by Trichoderma spp. and potassium phosphite in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in response to the attack by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Eliana Peliçon Pereira Figueira ◽  
Odair José Kuhn ◽  
Tatiane Martinazzo-Portz ◽  
José Renato Stangarlin ◽  
Marcos Donizete Peliçon Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Potassium Phosphite ◽  
Induction Of Resistance ◽  
Histochemical Changes ◽  
Lignin Deposition

Induction of resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) has been considered a promising alternative to control anthracnose. Among the changes generated in the induction of resistance, structural changes have been reported by several authors as an efficient form of resistance to the stress plants undergo. Histochemical analysis techniques have been used to investigate tissue changes triggered by induction of resistance. Thus, this study aims to investigate certain histochemical changes suffered by common bean plants induced with potassium phosphite and Trichoderma spp. in response to the attack by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, aiming to determine the host response pattern in terms of structural changes, associating it to possible disease control. Treatments consisted of isolates T. harzianum (isolate TOD1) and T. virens (isolate TM4), leaf fertilizer potassium phosphite Fertilis®, and distilled water (control). Inducers were applied to common bean alone or associated, consisting of five treatments plus the control treatment. The six treatments were evaluated for the absence and presence of C. lindemuthianum in a factorial scheme (6×2). Treatments allowed evaluating the severity of anthracnose in common bean, location of H2O2, lignin deposition, and hypersensitivity response in common bean hypocotyl by histochemical staining. Potassium phosphite and combinations of T. virens and T. harzianum with potassium phosphite efficiently reduced disease severity under greenhouse conditions, reaching 68, 84, and 71%, respectively. Studies with hypocotyl showed that T. harzianum + potassium phosphite and T. virens + potassium phosphite accelerated the H2O2 accumulation process and lignin deposition at the pathogen penetration site, in addition to the hypersensitivity reaction through the resistance-inducing activity, contributing to the protection of common bean against anthracnose caused by C. lindemuthianum.

scholarly journals The Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria—Effective Enhancers of Growth and Chemical Composition of Egyptian Henbane under Varied Mineral N Nutrition

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 921
Author(s):  
Rania M. A. Nassar ◽  
Engy A. Seleem ◽  
Gianluca Caruso ◽  
Agnieszka Sekara ◽  
Magdi T. Abdelhamid
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tropane Alkaloids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Egyptian Henbane

Egyptian henbane (Hyoscyamus muticus L.) plants are rich sources of alkaloids used in pharmaceutical products. Recently, rising efforts have been devoted to reducing mineral fertilizer supply, production cost, and environmental pollution via decreasing the doses of nitrogenous fertilizers and adopting biofertilizer farming systems. Two field experiments were conducted to examine the potential role of N fixing bacteria Azotobacter spp. and Azospirillum spp. on the growth, mineral status, tropane alkaloids, leaf anatomy, and seed yield of Egyptian henbane grown with different levels of mineral nitrogen fertilizer, i.e., 25%, 50%, and 100% of the recommended dose, equal to 30, 60, and 120 kg N ha−1. N fertilizer improved growth, mineral elements, tropane alkaloids, seed yield, and yield components of Egyptian henbane, which showed a gradually rising trend as the rate of N fertilizer increased. High doses of N fertilizer presumably elicited favorable changes in the anatomical structure of Egyptian henbane leaves. The application of 50% N dose plus N fixing bacteria affected Egyptian henbane trials similarly to 100% of recommended N dose. In conclusion, the N fixing bacteria proved to be a sustainable tool for a two-fold reduction in the recommended dose of mineral N fertilizer and the sustainable management of Egyptian henbane nutrition.

Flower and pod production in Phaseolus vulgaris

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Binnie ◽  
P. E. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Reproductive Structures

SummaryA series of glasshouse and growth-cabinet experiments were carried out to investigate aspects of flower and pod production in Phaseolus vulgaris L. (French bean). Abscission of flowers and immature pods varied between 45 and 80% in the seven cultivars tested, with flowers which opened first being most likely to produce mature pods. Seed yield was only slightly reduced and sometimes increased by the removal of opened flowers for periods of up to 15 days from the start of anthesis depending on the conditions under which plants are grown. It was demonstrated that plants compensated for flower removal by setting pods from flowers which opened later. Similarly, when opened flowers were removed from alternate nodes plants compensated by setting pods from flowers which opened on nodes not being deflowered.The physiological basis for premature abscission of reproductive structures in grain legumes is discussed.

scholarly journals The histidine kinase slnCl1 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum as a pathogenicity factor against Phaseolus vulgaris L

2019 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Bicalho Nogueira ◽  
Leandro Vieira dos Santos ◽  
Casley Borges de Queiroz ◽  
Thamy Lívia Ribeiro Corrêa ◽  
Renato Pedrozo Menicucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Histidine Kinase ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Pathogenicity Factor

scholarly journals Avaliação da produtividade de linhagens de feijoeiro resistentes ao fungo da antracnose

Bragantia ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sidney Pompeu
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum

A capacidade produtiva de linhagens de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) resistentes ao fungo da antracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) pertencentes aos grupos Preto, Chumbinho e Diversas, foi estimada em experimentos em blocos ao acaso, instalados em Campinas, no cultivo das águas de 1977, 1978 e 1979. Utilizaram-se os cultivares Moruna, Aroana e Carioca como controles para as linhagens dos grupos Preto, Chumbinho e Diversos respectivamente. Pela análise estatística dos dados obtidos pelas linhagens do grupo Preto, comuns aos ensaios de 1977 e 1978, 1978 e 1979, observou-se que as de prefixos 5-9-4-3-1-4, 5-9-4-3-1-5, 18-1-6 e 5-9-4-3-1-6, com médias de 2.100, 2.079, 2.055 e 2.028kg/ha, foram superiores ao 'Moruna', que produziu 1.580kg/ha. No grupo Chumbinho, cujas linhagens foram avaliadas em 1978 e 1979, a de prefixo 5-1-1-5-1-9, com 2.336kg/ha, destacou-se das demais, embora esta produtividade média estivesse ao mesmo nível, estatisticamente, da verificada para o 'Aroana', 2.136kg/ha. Para as linhagens do grupo Diversos, estudadas em 1978 e 1979, apenas 10-3-1 e 10-6-2, com produções médias de 3.133 e 2.823kg/ha, foram superiores, respectivamente, a 2.375 e 2.355kg/ha, observadas para o 'Carioca'. Outras linhagens deste grupo tiveram médias acima do controle, como 10-9-2, 10-9-1 e 10-5-1, com 2.698, 2.686 e 2.649kg/ha (Carioca - 2.355kg/ha) na ausência do patógeno. Nas análises conjuntas foram notados efeitos significativos para ano em onze dos doze grupos de experimentos e em apenas dois para a interação tratamento x ano. As melhores linhagens serão colocadas nos ensaios regionais e algumas terão suas sementes aumentadas e colocadas à disposição dos agricultores da região de Campinas.

scholarly journals Investigations on the pathogenicity of Helminthosporium sorokinianum Sacc. in relation to Phaseolus vulgaris L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-293
Author(s):  
Barbara Łacicowa ◽  
Zofia Machowicz
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Root System ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Before And After

The results obtained in pot and field experiments have shown that <i>Helminthosporium sorokinianum</i> is able to infect bean plants. The cotyledons and roots of shoots during the first three weeks of growth are attacked the most frequently. Dark brown spots occur on the above-mentined organs. The infection of roots and cotyledonsof shoots is responsible for gangrene both before and after germination. Infected plants which remain alive only show symptoms of infection in the root system. The infection of roots by <i>H. sorokinianum</i> in older plants is detromental to growth and causes a decrease in the vield obtained from bean plants.

scholarly journals Utilização da produtividade de grãos na seleção para resistência ao Colletotrichum lindemuthianum no feijoeiro

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu ◽  
Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho ◽  
Flávia Maria Avelar Gonçalves ◽  
Hélia Alves de Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar se as famílias de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) com maior produtividade de grãos são as que possuem maior resistência ao Colletotrichum lindemuthianum e, assim, poder utilizar a produtividade de grãos como critério auxiliar na seleção de linhagens mais resistentes. Para isso, foram realizados cruzamentos entre as linhagens AN 730340, AN 910522, AN 910523 e AN 910546, resistentes ao patógeno, com a cultivar Carioca, que é suscetível. A partir da geração F2, as populações foram avançadas em dois locais no sul de Minas Gerais, Lavras e Lambari, sendo selecionadas 100 plantas resistentes (sem sintomas) e 100 suscetíveis (com alta severidade da doença), formando, assim, duas subpopulações por cruzamento em cada local. Essas populações foram conduzidas em "bulk" até a geração F5. Cinqüenta plantas F5 deram origem às famílias F5:6 e, posteriormente, 21 famílias F5:7, que foram avaliadas com relação à produtividade de grãos e severidade do patógeno nos dois locais. Constatou-se que, especialmente sob alta severidade da doença, a produtividade de grãos foi um ótimo critério seletivo para identificação de famílias resistentes.

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