scholarly journals Impact of Metal-Based Nanoparticles on Cambisol Microbial Functionality, Enzyme Activity, and Plant Growth

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2080
Author(s):  
Sergey Kolesnikov ◽  
Аlena Timoshenko ◽  
Tatiana Minnikova ◽  
Natalia Tsepina ◽  
Kamil Kazeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Critical Activity ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Radish Seed

An increase in the penetration of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) into the environment requires an assessment of their ecotoxicity as they impair the critical activity of plants, animals, bacteria, and enzymes. Therefore, the study aimed to observe the effects of metal-based NPs, including copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), on the Cambisols, which cover a significant part of the earth's soil and play an important role in the biosphere. Metal-based NPs were introduced into the soil at concentrations of 100, 1,000, and 10,000 mg/kg. The biological properties of the soil are being investigated as the most sensitive to external contamination. The highest ecotoxicity of the studied pollutants introduced into the soil at the same concentrations was shown by Cu (up to 34%) and Zn (up to 30%) NPs, while Ni NPs showed less (up to 22%). Microbiological (total number of bacteria, Azotobacter sp. abundance) and phytotoxic properties (radish seed germination and length of roots) of Cambisols were more sensitive (22–53%) to pollution by NPs of Cu, Zn, and Ni, while enzymatic activity (catalase and dehydrogenases) showed less sensitivity (14–32%). The present results could be useful for biomonitoring the state of contaminated soils, especially by NPs.

scholarly journals Toxic Effects of Thallium on Biological Indicators of Haplic Chernozem Health: A Case Study

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Sergey Kolesnikov ◽  
Tatiana Minnikova ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Vishnu D. Rajput ◽  
Natalya Tsepina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
The State ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Thallium (Tl) was introduced into Haplic Chernozem in the amounts of 3, 30, and 300 mg/kg, and biological indicators were observed at 10, 30, and 90 days after incubation in the laboratory experiment. An increase in biological activities; i.e., the total number of bacteria, Azotobacter spp. abundance, enzymes (catalase, dehydrogenases), and phytotoxic indicators (germination rate of radish) after 30 days of Tl exposure were noted. The total number of bacteria and Azotobacter spp. abundance, enzyme activity, and phytotoxicity were more sensitive (16–76%) and informative (12–65%) indicators compared to the control, respectively. Integral biological indicators of soil state (IIBS) noted at 10, 30, and 90 days decreased at a dose of 30 and 300 mg/kg by 13–43% in relation to the control. An increase in Tl concentration and duration of exposure (up to 90 days) inhibited biological properties and caused ecotoxicological effects, respectively. We concluded that the use of individual indicators served as an indicator of the state of the soil.

scholarly journals Influence of Silver Nanoparticles on the Biological Indicators of Haplic Chernozem

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Sergey Kolesnikov ◽  
Natalia Tsepina ◽  
Tatiana Minnikova ◽  
Kamil Kazeev ◽  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Biological State ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

In recent years, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used in various industries due to their antibacterial properties, which lead to an increase in pollution of the environment and soil ecosystems. However, the ecological effects of soil pollution by AgNPs were poorly studied than that with AgNPs of other metal-based NPs. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of AgNPs on the biological properties of Haplic Chernozem. Silver was introduced into the soil in the form of AgNPs with a concentration of 0.5; 1; 5; 10; 50, and 100 mg/kg in laboratory conditions. The influence of AgNPs on the biological properties of Haplic Chernozem was assessed 30 days after contamination. The degree of reduction in biological properties depends on the AgNPs concentration in the soil. This study showed that the sensitivity to contamination by AgNPs in the total number of bacteria and enzymatic activity was more than that in the abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter. The integrated index of biological state (IIBS) of Haplic Chernozem was decreased by contamination with AgNPs. Silver nanoparticles in the concentration of 10 mg/kg caused a decrease in the indicator by 13% relative to the control. It also decreased IIBS by doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg by 22 and 27% relative to the control. All used biological indicators could be used for biomonitoring, biodiagnosis, bioindication, and regulation of ecological condition of soil contamination by AgNPs.

scholarly journals Effects of Phosphorus Level on Quality Traits and Quality-Related Enzymatic Activity in Lettuce

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Shu Ma ◽  
Hua Lian
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Related Enzyme

Abstract In this experiment, we studied the effects of the application of various amounts phosphorus on the quality traits and quality-related enzyme activity in lettuce. When we supplied lettuce with 0.3 mmol/L or 0.4 mmol/L phosphorus, the yield was higher than that of the control. In addition, the quality traits were better, the nitrate content was lower and the nitrate reductase, catalase and ascorbic acid oxidase activities were higher in these plants than in the control. In addition, the chlorophyll content was higher, and the root activity was stronger, in plants supplied with 0.3 or 0.4 mM/L phosphorus than in the control. These results suggest that the application of 0.3 or 0.4 mM/L phosphorus to lettuce is optimal for plant growth.

scholarly journals Phytase-Producing Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 Promotes Seed Germination and Growth in Corn (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Gui-E Li ◽  
Wei-Liang Kong ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Shi-Bo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Rahnella Aquatilis ◽  
Maize Seeds

Phytase plays an important role in crop seed germination and plant growth. In order to fully understand the plant growth-promoting mechanism by Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1，the effect of this strain on germination of maize seeds was determined in vitro, and the colonization of maize root by R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 was observed by scanning electron microscope. Different inoculum concentrations and Phytate-related soil properties were applied to investigate the effect of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 on the growth of maize seedlings. The results showed that R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 could effectively secrete indole acetic acid and had significantly promoted seed germination and root length of maize. A large number of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 cells colonized on the root surface, root hair and the root interior of maize. When the inoculation concentration was 107 cfu/mL and the insoluble organophosphorus compound phytate existed in the soil, the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, phytase activity secreted by roots, total phosphorus concentration and biomass accumulation of maize seedlings were the highest. In contrast, no significant effect of inoculation was found when the total P content was low or when inorganic P was sufficient in the soil. R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 promotes the growth of maize directly by secreting IAA and indirectly by secreting phytase. This work provides beneficial information for the development and application of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 as a microbial fertilizer in the future.

scholarly journals Role of Two Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria in Remediating Cadmium-Contaminated Soil Combined with Miscanthus floridulus (Lab.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 912
Author(s):  
Shuming Liu ◽  
Hongmei Liu ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Yong Ma ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Cd Translocation

Miscanthus spp. are energy plants and excellent candidates for phytoremediation approaches of metal(loid)s-contaminated soils, especially when combined with plant growth-promoting bacteria. Forty-one bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soils and roots tissue of five dominant plants (Artemisia argyi Levl., Gladiolus gandavensis Vaniot Houtt, Boehmeria nivea L., Veronica didyma Tenore, and Miscanthus floridulus Lab.) colonizing a cadmium (Cd)-contaminated mining area (Huayuan, Hunan, China). We subsequently tested their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits (e.g., production of indole-3-acetic acid, siderophore, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase) and Cd tolerance. Among bacteria, two strains, Klebsiella michiganensis TS8 and Lelliottia jeotgali MR2, presented higher Cd tolerance and showed the best results regarding in vitro growth-promoting traits. In the subsequent pot experiments using soil spiked with 10 mg Cd·kg−1, we investigated the effects of TS8 and MR2 strains on soil Cd phytoremediation when combined with M. floridulus (Lab.). After sixty days of planting M. floridulus (Lab.), we found that TS8 increased plant height by 39.9%, dry weight of leaves by 99.1%, and the total Cd in the rhizosphere soil was reduced by 49.2%. Although MR2 had no significant effects on the efficiency of phytoremediation, it significantly enhanced the Cd translocation from the root to the aboveground tissues (translocation factor > 1). The combination of K. michiganensis TS8 and M. floridulus (Lab.) may be an effective method to remediate Cd-contaminated soils, while the inoculation of L. jeotgali MR2 may be used to enhance the phytoextraction potential of M. floridulus.

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