scholarly journals Modification of Growth and Physiological Response of Coastal Dune Species Anthyllis maritima to Sand Burial by Rhizobial Symbiosis and Salinity

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2584
Author(s):  
Laura Gaile ◽  
Una Andersone-Ozola ◽  
Ineta Samsone ◽  
Didzis Elferts ◽  
Gederts Ievinsh
Keyword(s):  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Sand Burial ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Rhizobial Symbiosis ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
All Treatment

The aim of the present study was to establish an experimental system in controlled conditions to study the physiological effect of abiotic/biotic interaction using a rare wild leguminous plant species from coastal sand dunes, Anthyllis maritima. The particular hypothesis tested was that there is an interaction between sand burial, rhizobial symbiosis and salt treatment at the level of physiological responses. Experiment in controlled conditions included 18 treatment combinations of experimental factors, with two intensities of sand burial, rhizobial inoculation and two types of NaCl treatment (soil irrigation and foliar spray). Shoot biomass was significantly affected both by burial and by inoculation, and by interaction between burial and NaCl in the case of shoot dry mass. For plants sprayed with NaCl, burial had a strong significant positive effect on shoot growth irrespective of inoculation. General effect of inoculation with rhizobia on shoot growth of plants without NaCl treatment was negative except for the plants buried 2 cm with sand, where significant stimulation of shoot dry mass by inoculant was found. The positive effect of burial on shoot growth was mainly associated with an increase in leaf petiole height and number of leaves. Performance index significantly increased in buried plants in all treatment combinations, and leaf chlorophyll concentration increased in buried plants independently on burial depth, and only in plants not treated with NaCl. Inoculation led to significant increase of leaf peroxidase activity in all treatment combinations except NaCl-irrigated plants buried for 2 cm by sand. Sand burial stimulated peroxidase activity, mostly in non-inoculated plants, as inoculation itself led to increased enzyme activity. In conclusion, strong interaction between sand burial and NaCl treatment was evident, as the latter significantly affected the effect of burial on growth and physiological indices. Moreover, rhizobial symbiosis had a significant effect on physiological processes through interaction with both sand burial and NaCl treatment, but the effect was rather controversial; it was positive for photosynthesis-related parameters but negative for growth and tissue integrity indices.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Usefulness of the Designed Laboratory Photobioreactor for Microalgae Cultivation in Controlled Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Beata Brzychczyk ◽  
Zbigniew Kowalczyk ◽  
Jan Giełżecki
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Medium Concentration ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe objective of the paper was to analyse the use of the designed photobioreactor for freshwater microalgae cultivation in the controlled laboratory conditions. The work covered the design and construction of photobioreactors (PBR) and setting up comparative cultivations of freshwater microalgae chlorelli vulgaris along with determination of the biomass growth intensity for a varied amount of supplied culture medium. It was found out that the constructed PBR may be used for microalgae cultivation in the controlled conditions. The impact of the culture medium amount on the growth of chlorelli vulgaris was proved. As a result of the increase of culture medium concentration to 30.1-120.4 ml·l−1 of water, dry mass in photobioreactorsincreased respectively from 1.33 g·dm−3 to 4.68 g·dm−3.

scholarly journals FLAME RETARDANTS EFFECTS ON THE INITIAL GROWTH OF Schizolobium amazonicum HUBER EX DUCKE

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elen Silma Oliveira Cruz Ximenes ◽  
Andréa Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Adilson Pacheco de Souza ◽  
Josiane Fernandes Keffer ◽  
Alison Martins dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRACT Flame retardants are efficient in fighting wildfire; however, their environmental implications, especially regarding the vegetation, need to be clarified. This work aimed at assessing the effects of flame retardant on the initial growth of Schizolobium amazonicum. Treatments consisted in applying different flame retardant concentrations via substrate and leaf: Phos-Chek WD-881® (0, 3.00, 6.00, 8.00 and 10.00 mL L-1), Hold Fire® (0, 7.00, 9.00, 12.00 and 15.00 mL L-1) and water-retaining polymer Nutrigel® used as alternative retardant (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 g L-1). Growth analyses were carried out to assess the effects of these substances (10 repetitions per treatment). The aliquot of 10.00 mL L-1 of Phos-Chek WD881 applied on the leaves led to an increase of 70% in leaf area and 15% in seedling height. The same Phos-Chek concentration favored height increase (32%) and total dry mass accumulation (33%) throughout time. The concentration of 15 mL L-1 of Hold Fire® applied on leaves, compromised 45% the accumulation of dry biomass in the seedling. Initially, 1.00 g L-1 of Nutrigel® applied via substrate led to an increase of 70% in leaf area, 29% in plant height, and 89% in leaf dry mass. Therefore, Phos-Chek applied on leaves favored shoot growth in S. amazonicum. Hold Fire® applied on leaves impaired biomass accumulation in seedlings. Nutrigel® applied on substrate does not cause long-lasting damage to the initial growth of S. amazonicum. The aliquot of 0.50 g L-1 administered via polymer leave had positive effect on seedling shoot.

scholarly journals Influence of Planting Systems and Feeding Regimes on Dry Mass Accumulation of Cotton

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1196-1198
Author(s):  
Jalilov Lutfiyor Sotvoldievich
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Root Activity ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Mass Accumulation

Annotation: In order to increase the organic biomass in a bush, at least 15 t / ha of semi-rotted cattle manure before plowing, if possible plowed to 30 t / ha in autumn and then sowing in spring, retains the ability to absorb root activity longer, which has a positive effect on yield. reaches

scholarly journals Potassium Fertigation to Enhance the Performance of Hypoxis hemerocallidea

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Patience Seyram Akakpo ◽  
Moosa Mahmood Sedibe ◽  
Bello Zaid ◽  
Zenzile P. Khetsha ◽  
Mokgaputsiwa P. Theka-Kutumela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ionic Balance ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Metabolite Content ◽  
Positive Effect

Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient in plant metabolism, ionic balance, and stress resistance. In this study, the effects of K on agronomic attributes and on mineral and primary metabolite content in African potato were determined. K was administered hydroponically at four concentrations (4.00, 6.00, 8.00, and 10.00 meq·L−1) using Steiner’s universal nutrient solution. Chlorophyll content (CHL), leaf area (LA), fresh corm mass (FCM), number of roots (NR), root fresh weight (RFM), and root dry mass (RDM) were measured 18, 32, and 40 weeks after transplanting. Mineral analysis data were collected at 18 weeks, and primary metabolite data were collected at 32 weeks. Significant effects of K were observed after 18 weeks, and all test concentrations had a positive effect on yield. Calcium and boron significantly accumulated in the corm at 4.00 meq·L−1 K. Alanine and malic acid were the only metabolites affected by K concentrations. More minerals accumulated in the corm at 4.00 meq·L−1 K, whereas at 10.00 meq·L−1 K, more minerals clustered in the leaf. K applied at 4.00 meq·L−1 is recommended when growing African potato using a nutrient solution to improve corm mineral and metabolite accumulation.

Multi-modal language input: A learned superadditive effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Cheetham
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Active System ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Early Integration ◽  
Simple Addition ◽  
Illustrated Text ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractReview of psychological and language acquisition research into seeing faces while listening, seeing gesture while listening, illustrated text, reading while listening, and same language subtitled video, confirms that bi-modal input has a consistently positive effect on language learning over a variety of input types. This effect is normally discussed using a simple additive model where bi-modal input increases the total amount of data and adds redundancy to duplicated input thus increasing comprehension and then learning. Parallel studies in neuroscience suggest that bi-modal integration is a general effect using common brain areas and following common neural paths. Neuroscience also shows that bi-modal effects are more complex than simple addition, showing early integration of inputs, a learning/developmental effect, and a superadditive effect for integrated bi-modal input. The different bodies of research produce a revised model of bi-modal input as a learned, active system. The implications for language learning are that bi- or multi-modal input can powerfully enhance language learning and that the learning benefits of such input will increase alongside the development of neurological integration of the inputs.

scholarly journals Timing of High Temperature Influences Chilling Negation in Dormant Apple Trees

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Young
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Third ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Chilling Period ◽  
Positive Effect

Budbreak and root and shoot extension growth of apple trees (Malus domestics Borkh. MM.111) were affected by exposure to 500 hours of higher temperatures (15, 20, or 30C) during the first, second, or third 500 hours of a 1500-hour, 5C chilling period. Exposure to 15C during the third 500 hours had a significantly positive effect on budbreak, 20C at this time had no effect, and all other treatments had a negative effect on budbreak and new root and shoot growth.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE ON EFFICACY OF INOCULATED BACTERIA IN IMPROVING MAIZE (Zea mays)

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (64) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruqia Suliman
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Bacterial Inoculation ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Positive Effect

Effect of bacterial inoculation of four strain of Escherichia (E1, E2, E3, E4) and five strains of Bacilli (B1, B2, B3 B4, B5) on growth of maize (Zea mays) var EV-6098 was studied at three glucose regimes, viz 0, 1.25, 2.50 mg.g-1 and at three temperatures viz. 25ºC, 37ºC and 39ºC. Shoot growth in terms of shoot length and number of leaves per plant was better at 25ºC than at 37ºC and 39ºC. At 0 mg.g-1 glucose concentration E3, B2 and B3 inoculation while at 2.50 mg.g-1 concentration E3 and B4 inoculations significantly enhanced shoot length ,number of leaves per plant was increased significantly by B4 inoculation at 37ºC and 0 mg.g-1 glucose concentration. All the inoculated strains of Escherichia at 0 mg g-1 and B3 strain of Bacillus sp at 2.50 mg.g-1 glucose level and at 25ºC significantly enhanced root length. At 0 mg.g-1 of glucose concentration E1, E3 caused positive effect on seedling dry biomass at 39ºC.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF THE GROWTH OF ‘VANDA’ MAIDEN SWEET CHERRY TREES ON THREE ROOTSTOCKS AND AFTER APLICATION OF FOLIAR FERTILIZATION IN A NURSERY

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Sławomir Świerczyński ◽  
Klaudia Borowiak ◽  
Maciej Bosiacki ◽  
Magdalena Urbaniak ◽  
Agnieszka Malinowska
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Cherry Trees

Cultivation of sweet cherry trees is growing in popularity in Poland thus there is an increasing demand for good quality nursery material. The growth of maiden sweet cherry trees of ‘Vanda’ depending on three rootstocks was compared within three years of the nursery experiment. Also the nutritional status as well as photosynthetic activity of maiden trees after the use of four foliar preparations were in the scope of interest. On the basis of the size of the trunk diameter and weight of maiden sweet cherry tree fresh mass as well as on the basis of dry mass of leaves, the strongest vigor of growth was observed on Colt rootstock, contrary to the vigor on GiSeLa 5 rootstock, in which it was the weakest. Maidens produced on Colt rootstock formed more lateral shoots in comparison to other rootstocks. After foliar fertilization, maiden sweet cherry trees growing on Colt rootstock did not show better parameters of growth, except for Maxi Grow Excel preparation that caused better results of growth. The influence of preparations used on the content of macro and microelements was differentiated. A positive effect of all preparations was noted as far as gas exchange parameters were concerned, especially in the case of Maxi Grow Excel.

Growth and Morphology of Black Spruce, Jack Pine, and White Spruce Container Seedlings in Northern Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Anneli Jalkanen
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
In The Beginning

Abstract The development of morphological attributes of containerized seedlings during the growing season was studied in eight crops from three nurseries in Northern Ontario, including four black spruce crops, three jack pine crops, and one white spruce crop. The variability was proportionally largest in root and shoot dry mass, followed by height and diameter. During seedling growth, proportionally the variability of size did not seem to increase. In absolute scale, however, differences between individual seedlings increased more than differences between seedling trays, possibly due to competition between individuals. Height and shoot growth were greater in the beginning of the growing season, and diameter and root growth were greater toward the end. In comparison to standards, the balance between morphological attributes (height/diameter, shoot/root) was usually acceptable, and usually independent of seedling size. The easiest way of monitoring crop development is to take seedling samples at regular intervals and to construct a growth progression curve for seedling height, if diameter growth reaches acceptable level. Care should be taken that the height of seedlings does not increase too much at the expense of diameter and root development in the larger crops. To monitor this, height-diameter ratios and shoot-root ratios might be measured a couple of times during the growing season to take corrective action if necessary. North. J. Appl. For. 12(2):69-74.

Growth and production of leaf litter nitrogen by Alnusincana in response to liming and fertilization on degenerated forest soil

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Huss-Danell
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Litter Nitrogen ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
K Fertilization

Degenerated and nonproductive forest soils having a very low content of nitrogen and organic material can probably be restored by cultivation of nitrogen-fixing plants such as Alnus spp. The effects of liming and N fertilization on enhancement of early growth and biomass production of Alnusincana (L.) Moench were studied in northern Sweden. Survival was over 90% in all treatments. During the 1st year, root growth was more rapid than shoot growth, reflecting acclimation of the nursery grown plants to the field conditions. In the following 5 years, the height increase and the production of leaf litter biomass and leaf litter nitrogen were significantly higher in limed than in unlimed alders. N–P–K fertilization also had a positive effect, while N alone had a negative effect. During the 6th year, limed alders, at a spacing of 1.5 × 1.5 m, produced 440–710 kg leaf litter ha−1 containing 11–17 kg Nha−1. Unlimed alders produced 50–250 kg leaf litter ha−1 containing 1–6 kg Nha−1. Therefore, the simple and inexpensive treatment of liming at planting considerably enhanced the growth and production of leaf litter nitrogen by A. incana at the site.

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