scholarly journals Isolation of Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi within Young Thalli of the Liverwort Marchantia paleacea

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Kobae ◽  
Ryo Ohtomo ◽  
Sho Morimoto ◽  
Daiki Sato ◽  
Tomomi Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Young Thalli ◽  
Marchantia Paleacea ◽  
Do So

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a group of soil microorganisms that establish symbioses with most land plant species. “Root trap culture” generally has been used for isolating a single regenerated spore in order to establish a monospecific, native AMF line. Roots may be co-colonized with multiple AMF species; however, only a small portion of AMF within roots sporulate, and do so only under certain conditions. In this study, we tested whether young thalli (<2 mm) of the liverwort Marchantia paleacea harbour monospecific AMF, and can be used as a vegetative inoculant line. When M. paleacea gemmae were co-cultivated with roots obtained from the field, the young thalli were infected by AMF via rhizoids and formed arbuscules after 18 days post-sowing. Ribosomal DNA sequencing of the AMF-colonized thalli (mycothalli) revealed that they harboured phylogenetically diverse AMF; however, new gemmae sown around transplanted mycothalli showed evidence of colonization from phylogenetically uniform Rhizophagus species. Of note, mycothalli can also be used as an inoculum. These results suggest that the young thalli of M. paleacea can potentially isolate monospecific AMF from field soil in a spore-independent manner.

scholarly journals Cooperation among phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, humic acids and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi induces soil microbiome shifts and enhances plant nutrient uptake

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenza Cozzolino ◽  
Hiarhi Monda ◽  
Davide Savy ◽  
Vincenzo Di Meo ◽  
Giovanni Vinci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi

Abstract Background Increasing the presence of beneficial soil microorganisms is a promising sustainable alternative to support conventional and organic fertilization and may help to improve crop health and productivity. If the application of single bioeffectors has shown satisfactory results, further improvements may arise by combining multiple beneficial soil microorganisms with natural bioactive molecules. Methods In the present work, we investigated in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions whether inoculation of two phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. (B2) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B3), alone or in combination with a humic acids (HA) extracted from green compost and/or a commercial inoculum (M) of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), may affect maize growth and soil microbial community. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting analysis were performed to detect changes in the microbial community composition. Results Plant growth, N and P uptake, and mycorrhizal root colonization were found to be larger in all inoculated treatments than in the uninoculated control. The greatest P uptake was found when B. amyloliquefaciens was applied in combination with both HA and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (B3HAM), and when Pseudomonas was combined with HA (B2HA). The PLFA-based community profile revealed that inoculation changed the microbial community composition. Gram+/Gram− bacteria, AMF/saprotrophic fungi and bacteria/fungi ratios increased in all inoculated treatments. The greatest values for the AMF PLFA marker (C16:1ω5) and AMF/saprotrophic fungi ratio were found for the B3HAM treatment. Permutation test based on DGGE data confirmed a similar trend, with most significant variations in both bacterial and fungal community structures induced by inoculation of B2 or B3 in combination with HA and M, especially in B3HAM. Conclusions The two community-based datasets indicated changes in the soil microbiome of maize induced by inoculation of B2 or B3 alone or when combined with humic acids and mycorrhizal inoculum, leading to positive effects on plant growth and improved nutrient uptake. Our study implies that appropriate and innovative agricultural management, enhancing the potential contribution of beneficial soil microorganisms as AMF, may result in an improved nutrient use efficiency in plants.

Lipid exchanges drove the evolution of mutualism during plant terrestrialization

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 372 (6544) ◽  
pp. 864-868
Author(s):  
Mélanie K. Rich ◽  
Nicolas Vigneron ◽  
Cyril Libourel ◽  
Jean Keller ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Marchantia Paleacea ◽  
Colonization Of Land ◽  
Direct Regulation

Symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improves plant nutrition in most land plants, and its contribution to the colonization of land by plants has been hypothesized. Here, we identify a conserved transcriptomic response to AMF among land plants, including the activation of lipid metabolism. Using gain of function, we show the transfer of lipids from the liverwort Marchantia paleacea to AMF and its direct regulation by the transcription factor WRINKLED (WRI). Arbuscules, the nutrient-exchange structures, were not formed in loss-of-function wri mutants in M. paleacea, leading to aborted mutualism. Our results show the orthology of the symbiotic transfer of lipids across land plants and demonstrate that mutualism with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was present in the most recent ancestor of land plants 450 million years ago.

The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agro- and Natural Ecosystems

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Fundamental Reason ◽  
Plant Families

Symbionts called ‘mycorrhizal fungi’ occur in most biomes on earth, and are a fundamental reason for plant growth and development on the planet. The most common group of mycorrhizal fungi is that of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which colonize the roots of over 80% of land plant families, but they cannot as yet be cultured away from the host plant. AMF are primarily responsible for nutrient transfer from soil to plant, but have other roles such as soil aggregation, protection of plants against drought stress and soil pathogens, and increasing plant diversity. This is achieved by the growth of their fungal mycelium within a host root and out into the soil beyond. There is an urgent need to study the below-ground microbiology of soils in agro-and natural ecosystems, as AMF are pivotal in closing nutrient cycles and have a proven multifunctional role in soil–plant interactions. More information is also needed on the biodiversity and functional diversity of these microbes and their interactions with crops and plants.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and associated microbial communities from dry grassland do not improve plant growth on abandoned field soil

Oecologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Pánková ◽  
Clémentine Lepinay ◽  
Jana Rydlová ◽  
Alena Voříšková ◽  
Martina Janoušková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Dry Grassland ◽  
Abandoned Field

The effect of co-inoculation of pea plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium on the nodulation, growth and productivity.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4954
Author(s):  
Shinde B. P. ◽  
Jaya Thakur*
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nodule Biomass ◽  
Rhizobium Spp ◽  
Dual Inoculation

Soil microorganisms can be used to decrease the input of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals. Among soil microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium spp. can promote plant growth. Integration of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus with Rhizobium spp. thus appears to be a promising approach for sustainable agriculture. The study evaluated the response of pea (Pisum sativum) to AMF species Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus intraradix and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae, regarding the growth, nodulation and yield. Pea plants were grown in pots until the flowering stage (35 days). Five replicates of control, with Rhizobium and mycorrhiza alone and the dual inoculation of Rhizobium and AMF were maintained during present studies. The obtained results demonstrated that the dual inoculation of pea plants significantly increased the plant growth, nodule biomass and nodule number in comparison with single inoculation with AMF and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae.

scholarly journals Tolerance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and microorganisms associated to their hyphosphere to aluminum in soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. e1304
Author(s):  
Yazmín Carreón-Abud ◽  
Mayra E. Gavito
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Central Compartment ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
External Mycelium

Background: The elements that are toxic to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and soil microorganisms, and the levels at which they affect them, are poorly known. Objective: To quantify the effects of: 1) aluminum added to the soil (0, 50 and 100 mg kg-1) and 2) inoculation with AMF (two isolates without prior exposure to aluminum, Acaulospora delicata and Gigaspora margarita, the native AMF community of a soil contaminated with Al, and a control without AMF) on the development of AMF mycelium and the hyphosphere-associated microbiota. Methods: A system with two compartments was used, a central compartment in which maize was sown and AMF were inoculated and a side compartment without root passage, where only the external mycelium was exposed to the different concentrations of Al. AMF external mycelium exposed to Al was quantified with the fatty-acid biomar-ker 16:1w5. Results and conclusions: Al concentrations up to 100 mg kg-1, controlling the pH of the soil, did not alter mycelium growth of any of the inoculated HMA either in the soil or in the roots. Aluminum added up to 100 mg kg-1 did not have a direct toxic effect on the growth of AMF mycelium and the hyphosphere-associated microbiota.

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