Lipid exchanges drove the evolution of mutualism during plant terrestrialization

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 372 (6544) ◽  
pp. 864-868
Author(s):  
Mélanie K. Rich ◽  
Nicolas Vigneron ◽  
Cyril Libourel ◽  
Jean Keller ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Marchantia Paleacea ◽  
Colonization Of Land ◽  
Direct Regulation

Symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improves plant nutrition in most land plants, and its contribution to the colonization of land by plants has been hypothesized. Here, we identify a conserved transcriptomic response to AMF among land plants, including the activation of lipid metabolism. Using gain of function, we show the transfer of lipids from the liverwort Marchantia paleacea to AMF and its direct regulation by the transcription factor WRINKLED (WRI). Arbuscules, the nutrient-exchange structures, were not formed in loss-of-function wri mutants in M. paleacea, leading to aborted mutualism. Our results show the orthology of the symbiotic transfer of lipids across land plants and demonstrate that mutualism with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was present in the most recent ancestor of land plants 450 million years ago.

scholarly journals Isolation of Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi within Young Thalli of the Liverwort Marchantia paleacea

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Kobae ◽  
Ryo Ohtomo ◽  
Sho Morimoto ◽  
Daiki Sato ◽  
Tomomi Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Young Thalli ◽  
Marchantia Paleacea ◽  
Do So

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a group of soil microorganisms that establish symbioses with most land plant species. “Root trap culture” generally has been used for isolating a single regenerated spore in order to establish a monospecific, native AMF line. Roots may be co-colonized with multiple AMF species; however, only a small portion of AMF within roots sporulate, and do so only under certain conditions. In this study, we tested whether young thalli (<2 mm) of the liverwort Marchantia paleacea harbour monospecific AMF, and can be used as a vegetative inoculant line. When M. paleacea gemmae were co-cultivated with roots obtained from the field, the young thalli were infected by AMF via rhizoids and formed arbuscules after 18 days post-sowing. Ribosomal DNA sequencing of the AMF-colonized thalli (mycothalli) revealed that they harboured phylogenetically diverse AMF; however, new gemmae sown around transplanted mycothalli showed evidence of colonization from phylogenetically uniform Rhizophagus species. Of note, mycothalli can also be used as an inoculum. These results suggest that the young thalli of M. paleacea can potentially isolate monospecific AMF from field soil in a spore-independent manner.

scholarly journals Evolution and networks in ancient and widespread symbioses between Mucoromycotina and liverworts

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Rimington ◽  
Silvia Pressel ◽  
Jeffrey G. Duckett ◽  
Katie J. Field ◽  
Martin I. Bidartondo
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Ancestral Reconstruction ◽  
Nested Subsets ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Globally Distributed

Abstract Like the majority of land plants, liverworts regularly form intimate symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycotina). Recent phylogenetic and physiological studies report that they also form intimate symbioses with Mucoromycotina fungi and that some of these, like those involving Glomeromycotina, represent nutritional mutualisms. To compare these symbioses, we carried out a global analysis of Mucoromycotina fungi in liverworts and other plants using species delimitation, ancestral reconstruction, and network analyses. We found that Mucoromycotina are more common and diverse symbionts of liverworts than previously thought, globally distributed, ancestral, and often co-occur with Glomeromycotina within plants. However, our results also suggest that the associations formed by Mucoromycotina fungi are fundamentally different because, unlike Glomeromycotina, they may have evolved multiple times and their symbiotic networks are un-nested (i.e., not forming nested subsets of species). We infer that the global Mucoromycotina symbiosis is evolutionarily and ecologically distinctive.

scholarly journals Phosphate solubilization and synergism between P-solubilizing and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1405-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Luiz Souchie ◽  
Rosario Azcón ◽  
Jose Miguel Barea ◽  
Orivaldo José Saggin-Júnior ◽  
Eliane Maria Ribeiro da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Aluminum Phosphate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
P Content ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Presence And Absence

The objective of this work was to evaluate the ability of several P-solubilizing fungi to solubilize aluminum phosphate and Araxá apatite as well as the synergism between the P-solubilizing fungus, PSF 7, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to promote clover growth amended with aluminum phosphate. Two experiments were carried out, the first under laboratory conditions and the second in a controlled environmental chamber. In the first experiment, PSF 7, PSF 9, PSF 21 and PSF 22 isolates plus control were incubated in liquid medium at 28ºC for eight days. On the 2nd, 4th and 8th day of incubation, pH and soluble P were determined. In the second experiment, clover was sowed in plastic pots containing 300 g of sterilized substrate amended with aluminum phosphate, 3 g L-1, in presence and absence of PSF 7 isolate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A completely randomized design, in factorial outline 2x2 (presence and absence of PSF 7 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and five replicates were used. In the first experiment, higher P content was detected in the medium containing aluminum phosphate. PSF 7 is the best fungi isolate which increases aluminum solubilization with major tolerance to Al3+. Clover growth was stimulated by presence of PSF 7 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. There is synergism between microorganisms utilized to improve plant nutrition.

scholarly journals An ancestral signalling pathway is conserved in plant lineages forming intracellular symbioses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guru V. Radhakrishnan ◽  
Jean Keller ◽  
Melanie K. Rich ◽  
Tatiana Vernié ◽  
Duchesse L. Mbadinga Mbaginda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizae ◽  
The Common ◽  
Colonization Of Land ◽  
Plant Diversification

ABSTRACTPlants are the foundation of terrestrial ecosystems and their colonization of land was facilitated by mutualistic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Following that founding event, plant diversification has led to the emergence of a tremendous diversity of mutualistic symbioses with microorganisms, ranging from extracellular associations to the most intimate intracellular associations, where fungal or bacterial symbionts are hosted inside plant cells. Through analysis of 271 transcriptomes and 122 plant genomes, we demonstrate that the common symbiosis signalling pathway controlling the association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and with nitrogen-fixing bacteria specifically co-evolved with intracellular endosymbioses, including ericoid and orchid mycorrhizae in angiosperms and ericoid-like associations of bryophytes. In contrast, species forming exclusively extracellular symbioses like ectomycorrhizae or associations with cyanobacteria have lost this signalling pathway. This work unifies intracellular symbioses, revealing conservation in their evolution across 450 million years of plant diversification.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Boon for Plant Nutrition and Soil Health

2016 ◽  
pp. 317-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehraj ud din Khanday ◽  
Rouf Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Shamsul Haq ◽  
Moonisa Aslam Dervash ◽  
Asma Absar Bhatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

scholarly journals Ancient plants with ancient fungi: liverworts associate with early-diverging arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1888) ◽  
pp. 20181600 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Rimington ◽  
Silvia Pressel ◽  
Jeffrey G. Duckett ◽  
Katie J. Field ◽  
David J. Read ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
Ancient Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizas are widespread in land plants including liverworts, some of the closest living relatives of the first plants to colonize land 500 million years ago (MYA). Previous investigations reported near-exclusive colonization of liverworts by the most recently evolved arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the Glomeraceae, indicating a recent acquisition from flowering plants at odds with the widely held notion that arbuscular mycorrhizal-like associations in liverworts represent the ancestral symbiotic condition in land plants. We performed an analysis of symbiotic fungi in 674 globally collected liverworts using molecular phylogenetics and electron microscopy. Here, we show every order of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonizes early-diverging liverworts, with non-Glomeraceae being at least 10 times more common than in flowering plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in liverworts and other ancient plant lineages (hornworts, lycopods, and ferns) were delimited into 58 taxa and 36 singletons, of which at least 43 are novel and specific to liverworts. The discovery that early plant lineages are colonized by early-diverging fungi supports the hypothesis that arbuscular mycorrhizas are an ancestral symbiosis for all land plants.

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