scholarly journals UV-B Radiation Affects Photosynthesis-Related Processes of Two Italian Olea europaea (L.) Varieties Differently

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1712
Author(s):  
Chiara Piccini ◽  
Giampiero Cai ◽  
Maria Celeste Dias ◽  
Marco Romi ◽  
Roberta Longo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Different Response

Given the economical importance of the olive tree it is essential to study its responses to stress agents such as excessive UV-B radiation, to understand the defense mechanisms and to identify the varieties that are able to cope with it. In the light of the analysis carried out in this study, we argue that UV-B radiation represents a dangerous source of stress for the olive tree, especially in the current increasingly changing environmental conditions. Both the varieties considered (Giarraffa and Olivastra Seggianese), although resistant to the strong treatment to which they were exposed, showed, albeit in different ways and at different times, evident effects. The two varieties have different response times and the Giarraffa variety seems better suited to prolonged UV-B stress, possible due to a more efficient and quick activation of the antioxidant response (e.g., flavonoids use to counteract reactive oxygen species) and because of its capacity to maintain the photosynthetic efficiency as well as a relatively higher content of mannitol. Moreover, pigments reduction after a long period of UV-B exposure can also be an adaptation mechanism triggered by Giarraffa to reduce energy absorption under UV-B stress. Olivastra Seggianese seems less suited to overcome UV-B stress for a long period (e.g., higher reduction of Fv/Fm) and has a higher requirement for sugars (e.g., glucose) possible to counteract stress and to restore energy.

scholarly journals OTUD1 deubiquitylase regulates NF-κB- and KEAP1-mediated inflammatory responses and reactive oxygen species-associated cell death pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Oikawa ◽  
Min Gi ◽  
Hidetaka Kosako ◽  
Kouhei Shimizu ◽  
Hirotaka Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ubiquitin Chain ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Cell Death Pathways

Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) regulate numerous cellular functions by removing ubiquitin modifications. We examined the effects of 88 human DUBs on linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC)-induced NF-κB activation, and identified OTUD1 as a potent suppressor. OTUD1 regulates the canonical NF-κB pathway by hydrolysing K63-linked ubiquitin chains from NF-κB signalling factors, including LUBAC. OTUD1 negatively regulates the canonical NF-κB activation, apoptosis, and necroptosis, whereas OTUD1 upregulates the interferon (IFN) antiviral pathway. The N-terminal intrinsically disordered region of OTUD1, which contains an EGTE motif, is indispensable for KEAP1-binding and NF-κB suppression. OTUD1 is involved in the KEAP1-mediated antioxidant response and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cell death, oxeiptosis. In Otud1-/--mice, inflammation, oxidative damage, and cell death were enhanced in inflammatory bowel disease, acute hepatitis, and sepsis models. Thus, OTUD1 is a crucial regulator for the inflammatory, innate immune, and oxidative stress responses and ROS-associated cell death pathways.

scholarly journals The Dynll1-Cox4i1 Complex Regulates Intracellular Pathogen Clearance via Release of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangbei Yuan ◽  
Zihan Zheng ◽  
Liting Wang ◽  
Haiying Ran ◽  
Xiangyu Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Dynein Light Chain ◽  
Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Cellular membrane proteins are a critical part of the host defense mechanisms against infection and intracellular survival of Listeria monocytogenes. The complex spatiotemporal regulation of bacterial infection by various membrane proteins has been challenging to study. Here, using mass spectrometry analyses, we depicted the dynamic expression landscape of membrane proteins upon L. monocytogenes infection in dendritic cells. We showed that Dynein light chain 1 (Dynll1) formed a persistent complex with the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase Cox4i1, which is disturbed by pathogen insult. We discovered that the dissociation of the Dynll1-Cox4i1 complex is required for the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and serves as a regulator of intracellular proliferation of Listeria monocytogenes. Our study shows that Dynll1 is an inhibitor of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and can serve as a potential molecular drug target for antibacterial treatment.

scholarly journals Interaction between Bean and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides: Understanding Through a Biochemical Approach

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Chakraborty ◽  
Kabita Mukherjee ◽  
Anik Sarkar ◽  
Krishnendu Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Defense Molecules ◽  
Bean Leaves

In addition to its role in animals, nowadays nitric oxide (NO) is considered as an emerging signaling molecule in plant systems. It is now believed that NO exerts its pivotal role in various plant physiological processes, such as in seed germination, plant developmental stages, and plant defense mechanisms. In this study, we have taken an initiative to show the biochemical basis of defense response activation in bean leaves during the progression of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc. in detached bean leaves. Stages of pathogen penetration and colonization were successfully established in the detached bean leaves. Results showed up-regulation of different defense-related enzymes and other defense molecules, such as phenols, flavonoids, callose, and lignin molecules, along with NO at early stages of pathogen invasion. Although in the later stages of the disease, development of NO and other defense components (excluding lignin) were down-regulated, the production of reactive oxygen species in the form of H2O2 became elevated. Consequently, other stress markers, such as lipid peroxidation, proline content, and chlorophyll content, were changed accordingly. Correlation between the disease index and other defense molecules, along with NO, indicate that production of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) might influence the development of anthracnose in common bean.

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