scholarly journals Pyrolytic Behavior of Major Biomass Components in Waste Biomass

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoxi Ben ◽  
Zhihong Wu ◽  
Guangting Han ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Arthur Ragauskas
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Shift ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils

The pyrolytic behavior of several biomass components including cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and tannin, from two sources of waste biomass (i.e., pine bark and pine residues) were examined. Compared to the two aromatic-based components in the biomass, carbohydrates produced much less char but more gas. Surprisingly, tannin produced a significant amount of water-soluble products; further analysis indicated that tannin could produce a large amount of catechols. The first reported NMR chemical shift databases for tannin and hemicellulose pyrolysis oils were created to facilitate the HSQC analysis. Various C–H functional groups (>30 different C–H bonds) in the pyrolysis oils could be analyzed by employing HSQC-NMR. The results indicated that most of the aromatic C–H and aliphatic C–H bonds in the pyrolysis oils produced from pine bark and pine residues resulted from the lignin and tannin components. A preliminary study for a quantitative application of HSQC-NMR on the characterization of pyrolysis oil was also done in this study. Nevertheless, the concepts established in this work open up new methods to fully characterize the whole portion of pyrolysis oils produced from various biomass components, which can provide valuable information on the thermochemical mechanisms.

Characterization of the Water-Soluble Fraction of Woody Biomass Pyrolysis Oils

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1650-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Stankovikj ◽  
Armando G. McDonald ◽  
Gregory L. Helms ◽  
Mariefel V. Olarte ◽  
Manuel Garcia-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Water Soluble Fraction ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils

Water-soluble Lysine-containing Polypeptides. I. The Synthesis and Characterization of Several Sequential Lysine–Glycine Polypeptides Including a Preliminary Study of their Interaction with DNA

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (17) ◽  
pp. 3140-3148 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Brown ◽  
Jean R. Langlois ◽  
Denis R. Lauren ◽  
Barbara K. Stoochnoff ◽  
Ross E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Preliminary Study

The preparation and characterization of several sequential lysine–glycine polypeptides is described. A preliminary study of their interaction with DNA is also presented.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoxi Ben ◽  
Fengze Wu ◽  
Zhihong Wu ◽  
Guangting Han ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Reaction ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Pyrolysis Mechanism ◽  
C Value ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils

Pyrolysis of raw pine bark, pine, and Douglas-Fir bark was examined. The pyrolysis oil yields of raw pine bark, pine, and Douglas-Fir bark at 500 °C were 29.18%, 26.67%, and 26.65%, respectively. Both energy densification ratios (1.32–1.56) and energy yields (48.40–54.31%) of char are higher than pyrolysis oils (energy densification ratios: 1.13–1.19, energy yields: 30.16–34.42%). The pyrolysis oils have higher heating values (~25 MJ/kg) than bio-oils (~20 MJ/kg) from wood and agricultural residues, and the higher heating values of char (~31 MJ/kg) are comparable to that of many commercial coals. The elemental analysis indicated that the lower O/C value and higher H/C value represent a more valuable source of energy for pyrolysis oils than biomass. The nuclear magnetic resonance results demonstrated that the most abundant hydroxyl groups of pyrolysis oil are aliphatic OH groups, catechol, guaiacol, and p-hydroxy-phenyl OH groups. The aliphatic OH groups are mainly derived from the cleavage of cellulose glycosidic bonds, while the catechol, guaiacol, and p-hydroxy-phenyl OH groups are mostly attributed to the cleavage of the lignin β–O-4 bond. Significant amount of aromatic carbon (~40%) in pyrolysis oils is obtained from tannin and lignin components and the aromatic C–O bonds may be formed by a radical reaction between the aromatic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups. In this study, a comprehensive analytical method was developed to fully understand and evaluate the pyrolysis products produced from softwood barks, which could offer valuable information on the pyrolysis mechanism of biomass and promote better utilization of pyrolysis products.

scholarly journals Preparation and analysis of pyrolysis oils

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
T. M. Henarava ◽  
S. M. Leschev ◽  
V. V. Sauchyn ◽  
V. V. Levkina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Reliable Analysis ◽  
Liquid Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils ◽  
Promising Source

A critical review of the methods for producing pyrolysis waste oils was carried out, the possibilities and limitations of each approach were discussed. Liquid pyrolysis products (pyrolysis oils) are promising source of valuable chemical compounds, and can be also used as a fuel. A reliable analysis of pyrolysis oils is necessary to study their component composition, basic characteristics and to select the most suitable methods for the extraction of the necessary compounds. It is known that the results of GC-MS analysis of liquid pyrolysis products are usually ambiguous: there are problems of peaks overlapping and incorrect interpretation of the data, due to the complexity of the matrix and the multicomponent composition of the object. The paper presents data on the chemical composition of pyrolysis oils obtained by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, NMR spectrometry, GC-MS, GC-GC/MS. Based on the presented results, pyrolysis oil usually contains aromatic compounds, water-soluble substances and hydrocarbons. It was found out that there are conflicting data on the chemical composition of the pyrolysis oils of waste tires in the scientific literature. It is proposed to carry out sequential extraction sample preparation of pyrolysis mixtures to increase the reliability and accuracy of the componential and quantitative composition of the GC-MS method. Obviously, a reliable analysis of complex pyrolysis mixtures without preliminary targeted sample preparation seems unlikely.

Characterization of Chemical Impurities in Glutaraldehyde

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 620-621
Author(s):  
B. J. Grenon ◽  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Glutaric Acid ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Aldol Condensation ◽  
Condensation Product ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Impurity Component ◽  
Chemical Impurities ◽  
Soluble Liquid

Ever since the introduction of glutaraldehyde as a fixative in electron microscopy of biological specimens, the identification of impurities and consequently their effects on biologic ultrastructure have been under investigation. Several reports postulate that the impurities of glutaraldehyde, used as a fixative, are glutaric acid, glutaraldehyde polymer, acrolein and glutaraldoxime.Analysis of commercially available biological or technical grade glutaraldehyde revealed two major impurity components, none of which has been reported. The first compound is a colorless, water-soluble liquid with a boiling point of 42°C at 16 mm. Utilizing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis, this compound has been identified to be — dihydro-2-ethoxy 2H-pyran. This impurity component of the glutaraldehyde biological or technical grades has an UV absorption peak at 235nm. The second compound is a white amorphous solid which is insoluble in water and has a melting point of 80-82°C. Initial chemical analysis indicates that this compound is an aldol condensation product(s) of glutaraldehyde.

scholarly journals Analytical Characterization of Water-Soluble Constituents in Olive-Derived By-Products

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Pablo Doménech ◽  
Aleta Duque ◽  
Isabel Higueras ◽  
José Luis Fernández ◽  
Paloma Manzanares
Keyword(s):  
Olive Tree ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Olive Stone ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Tree Pruning ◽  
By Products

Olive trees constitute one of the largest agroindustries in the Mediterranean area, and their cultivation generates a diverse pool of biomass by-products such as olive tree pruning (OTP), olive leaves (OL), olive stone (OS), and extracted olive pomace (EOP). These lignocellulosic materials have varying compositions and potential utilization strategies within a biorefinery context. The aim of this work was to carry out an integral analysis of the aqueous extractives fraction of these biomasses. Several analytical methods were applied in order to fully characterize this fraction to varying extents: a mass closure of >80% was reached for EOP, >76% for OTP, >65% for OS, and >52% for OL. Among the compounds detected, xylooligosaccharides, mannitol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, and hydroxytyrosol were noted as potential enhancers of the valorization of said by-products. The extraction of these compounds is expected to be more favorable for OTP, OL, and EOP, given their high extractives content, and is compatible with other utilization strategies such as the bioconversion of the lignocellulosic fraction into biofuels and bioproducts.

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