scholarly journals Effect of Cyclotriphosphazene-Based Curing Agents on the Flame Resistance of Epoxy Resins

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Lucie Zarybnicka ◽  
Jana Machotova ◽  
Radka Kopecka ◽  
Radek Sevcik ◽  
Martina Hudakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Total Heat Release ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Shape Stability ◽  
Flame Spreading ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Halogen Free

Epoxy resins are characterized by excellent properties such as chemical resistance, shape stability, hardness and heat resistance, but they present low flame resistance. In this work, the synthesized derivatives, namely hexacyclohexylamino-cyclotriphosphazene (HCACTP) and novel diaminotetracyclohexylamino-cyclotriphosphazene (DTCATP), were applied as curing agents for halogen-free flame retarding epoxy materials. The thermal properties and combustion behavior of the cured epoxy resins were investigated. The obtained results revealed that the application of both derivatives significantly increased flame resistance. The epoxy resins cured with HCACTP and DTCATP exhibited lower total heat release together with lower total smoke production compared to the epoxy materials based on conventional curing agents (dipropylenetriamine and ethylenediamine). Comparing both derivatives, the HCACTP-cured epoxy resin was found to provide a higher flame resistance. The designed novel class of epoxy materials may be used for the preparation of materials with improved flame resistance properties in terms of flame spreading and smoke inhibition.

Study of Thermal Properties of Curing of DGEBA Epoxy Resin with Hexakis-(4-Aminophenoxy)-Cyclotriphosphazene

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Yong Wu ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Hong Liang Wei ◽  
Hui Juan Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Flame Retardance ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Degradation Behaviors ◽  
Curing Agents

Hexakis-(4-aminophenoxy)-cyclotriphosphazene (PN-NH2) was synthesized through nucleophilic substitution of the chloride atoms of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and reduction of the nitro group, and its chemical structure was characterized. As a curing agents for commercial epoxy resin Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) PN-NH2 was compared with conventional curing agents 4,4-diaminodiphenylsulfone(DDS) and 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). The thermal properties and thermal degradation behaviors of these thermosetted resins were investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA studies demonstrated that the thermal properties of the PN-NH2-containing cured epoxy resin were higher than those of others. The phosphorus-nitrogen containing curing agent can result in a great improvement of the flame retardance for their thermosetted epoxy resins.

Morphology, flexural, and thermal properties of sepiolite modified epoxy resins with different curing agents

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 3093-3101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrès Nohales ◽  
Lorena Solar ◽  
Iolanda Porcar ◽  
Claudia Ines Vallo ◽  
Clara M. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Modified Epoxy

Synthesis and characterization of a chalcone-derived epoxy containing pyrazoline ring with excellent flame resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832199352
Author(s):  
Yan-min-zi Zhang ◽  
Meng-yao Huang ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Da-zhe Li ◽  
Yi Lei
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Pyrazoline Ring ◽  
Curing Agents

Traditional epoxy resins are made by the reaction of petroleum-based bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin. The disadvantages of these petroleum-based epoxy including certain biological toxicity and flammability. To solve these problems, we first synthesized a diphenol compound 3,5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-pyrazoline (TPP), which was prepared by condensation reaction of bio-based chalcone with hydrazine hydrate to replace standard petroleum-based bisphenol A. Then it was condensed with epichlorohydrin under alkaline condition to form a fully aromatic pyrazoline ring epoxy (TPP-EP). For further research, we use 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as the curing agent. When compared with bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA/DDM), TPP-EP/DDM possessed a higher glass transition temperature (233°C vs. 176°C), and even showed that the residual carbon (in N2) and the storage modulus (at 30°C) increased by 201% and 74%, respectively. What’s more, TPP-EP/DDM system also had good inherent flame retardancy. The limiting oxygen index of TPP-EP/DDM was 33.1, reaching the V-0 level tested by UL-94. From the cone test, the THR, p-HRR, p-SPR and TSP values of TPP-EP/DDM systems also showed different degrees of reduction. Since TPP-EP contained tertiary amine active groups that could be used as a kind of catalytic curing agents for epoxy resins, thus the compound had certain self-curing properties. This work was of great significance for the synthesis of pyrazoline bio-based environmentally friendly flame-retardant epoxy resin.

ULTEM 2100, 2200, 2300 and 2400

Alloy Digest ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
High Heat ◽  
High Heat Resistance ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Low Viscosity

Abstract ULTEM 2100, 2200, 2300 and 2400 resins have high heat resistance, inherent flame resistance with low smoke evolution, broad chemical resistance and outstanding processability. Glass reinforcment provides increased rigidity and dimensional stability while maintaining good processing features. The ULTEM 2000 series is available in both low viscosity and mold release grades in addition to the standard grades. This datasheet provides information on physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fracture toughness. Filing Code: Cp-5. Producer or source: G. E. Plastics.

Preparation and Properties of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins with Aryl Phosphinate Dianhydride Hardener

2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 1335-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Liang ◽  
Tie Zhu Bao ◽  
Jun Cao ◽  
Xiao Dong Hong
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Flame Retardation ◽  
Halogen Free

Two halogen-free flame retardant epoxy resins were prepared by diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy with two compound hardeners. The aryl phosphinate dianhydride BPAODOPE was used as a hardener and flame retardant when coupled with two curing agents, such as methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MeHHPA) and maleic anhydride (MA). The effect of the BPAODOPE contents on the fire resistance, thermal properties and mechanical properties of halogen-free flame-retardant epoxy resins were investigated in detail. The results showed that the phosphorus-containing epoxy resin composites had a higher UL-94 grade and char yield, furthermore, the flame retardation and the char yield of the cured epoxy resins increased with an increase of the phosphorus content, the phosphorus content of 1.75% was enough to achieve UL-94 V-1 grade and the best combination properties for the two composites with different hardeners.

Biaspartimide-diamines as Curing Agents for Epoxy Resins

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1101-1107
Author(s):  
Devendra Kumar ◽  
Alka D. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Curing Agents
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