Study of Thermal Properties of Curing of DGEBA Epoxy Resin with Hexakis-(4-Aminophenoxy)-Cyclotriphosphazene

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Yong Wu ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Hong Liang Wei ◽  
Hui Juan Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Flame Retardance ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Degradation Behaviors ◽  
Curing Agents

Hexakis-(4-aminophenoxy)-cyclotriphosphazene (PN-NH2) was synthesized through nucleophilic substitution of the chloride atoms of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and reduction of the nitro group, and its chemical structure was characterized. As a curing agents for commercial epoxy resin Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) PN-NH2 was compared with conventional curing agents 4,4-diaminodiphenylsulfone(DDS) and 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). The thermal properties and thermal degradation behaviors of these thermosetted resins were investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA studies demonstrated that the thermal properties of the PN-NH2-containing cured epoxy resin were higher than those of others. The phosphorus-nitrogen containing curing agent can result in a great improvement of the flame retardance for their thermosetted epoxy resins.

Solvent Exchange to Exfoliate Graphene Oxides into Epoxy with Improved Mechanical and Thermal Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 1110 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Fu Ke Wang ◽  
Chao Bin He
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Solvent Exchange ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Exchange Technique

The dispersion and exfoliation of graphene oxides in polymer matrix remains a challenge for graphene oxides based epoxy nanocomposites fabrication. In the present paper, we reported a simple and facile solvent exchange technique to successfully transfer graphene oxides (GOs) from aqueous solution to ethanol. In addition, we found that GO dispersion in epoxy resins was affected by the curing agents. Good dispersion of GOs in epoxy resin together with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties were observed when epoxy was cured with aliphatic curing agents. For aromatic curing agent, high loading of GOs leaded to GOs aggregation, but well dispersed GOs was observed at low loading of GOs. Especially, a 12 °C increase of glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin was observed with only 0.1 wt% GOs was added to the epoxy resin.

Fast Curing Epoxy and Episulfide Resins for Biomedical Applications

1987 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis N. Hadjinikolaou ◽  
James P. Bell ◽  
Larz Spangberg
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Curing Agents

Epoxy resins have physical properties that make them suitable for dental and orthopaedic applications such as adhesives and cements. However, it has been observed that epoxy resins harden too slowly for clinical use when mixed with conventional curing agents, e.g. amines and polyamides. A new epoxy - diepisulfide - polyamide system has been developed which gels in 5 to 20 minutes at room temperature. The system consists of two parts: a polyamide curing agent, and a blend of the diepisulfide analog of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A [DGEBA] dissolved in a mixture of epoxies of the DGEBA type.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Novel Bio-Based Amino Curing Agent Systems for Epoxy Resins: Effect of Tryptophan and Guanine

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Stefano Merighi ◽  
Laura Mazzocchetti ◽  
Tiziana Benelli ◽  
Loris Giorgini
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Agent Systems ◽  
New Class ◽  
System L

In order to obtain an environmentally friendly epoxy system, L-tryptophan and guanine were investigated as novel green curing agents for the cross-link of diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A (DGEBA) as a generic epoxy resin model of synthetic and analogous bio-based precursors. In particular, L-tryptophan, which displays high reaction temperature with DGEBA, was used in combination with various bio-based molecules such as urea, theobromine, theophylline, and melamine in order to increase the thermal properties of the epoxy resin and to reduce the crosslinking reaction temperature. Later, in order to obtain similar properties using a single product, guanine, a totally heterocyclic molecule displaying amine functional groups, was tested as hardener for DGEBA. The thermal behavior of the precursor mixtures was evaluated by dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) leading to a preliminary screening of different hardening systems which offered a number of interesting hints in terms of bio-based compounds able to provide high Tg resins. These encouraging results pave the way for a further study of a new class of renewable, low-toxic, and sustainable curing agent systems for the production of fully bio-based epoxy resins.

scholarly journals A Study on the Synthesis, Curing Behavior and Flame Retardance of a Novel Flame Retardant Curing Agent for Epoxy Resin

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Yong Sun ◽  
Yongli Peng ◽  
Yajiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Isothermal Kinetics ◽  
Flame Retardance ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Epoxy Resin System ◽  
Dsc Method

In this work, a flame retardant curing agent (DOPO-MAC) composed of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide DOPO and methyl acrylamide (MAC) was synthesized successfully, and the structure of the compound was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The non-isothermal kinetics of the epoxy resin/DOPO-MAC system with 1% phosphorus was studied by non-isothermal DSC method. The activation energy of the reaction (Ea), about 46 kJ/mol, was calculated by Kissinger and Ozawa method, indicating that the curing reaction was easy to carry out. The flame retardancy of the epoxy resin system was analyzed by vertical combustion test (UL94) and limiting oxygen index (LOI) test. The results showed that epoxy resin (EP) with 1% phosphorus successfully passed a UL-94 V-0 rating, and the LOI value increased along with the increasing of phosphorus content. It confirmed that DOPO-MAC possessed excellent flame retardance and higher curing reactivity. Moreover, the thermal stability of EP materials was also investigated by TGA. With the DOPO-MAC added, the residual mass of EP materials increased remarkably although the initial decomposition temperature decreased slightly.

scholarly journals The application of a phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant curing agent in epoxy resin

e-Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anxin Li ◽  
Pingli Mao ◽  
Bing Liang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Adhesive Strength ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Thermal Degradation Behavior ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn order to improve the compatibility of flame retardant and epoxy resin, a phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant curing agent poly(p-xylylenediamine spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphonate) (PPXSPB) was synthesized. FTIR, 1HNMR, and mass spectroscopy were used to identify the chemical structure of PPXSPB. Epoxy resin (E-44) and PPXSPB as the raw material, a series of thermosetting systems were prepared. The effects of PPXSPB on flame retardancy, water resistance, thermal degradation behavior, mechanical properties and the adhesive strength of EP/PPXSPB thermosets were investigated. The results show that with the increase of phosphorus content, the oxygen index and carbon residue of the system both increased significantly, and the heat release rate gradually decreased, which is of great significance in delaying the occurrence of fire. When the phosphorus content is 3.24% in EP/PPXSPB thermosets, EP-2 can successfully pass the UL94 V-0 flammability rating, the LOI value of EP-2 can reach 31.4%, the impact strength and tensile strength was 6.58 kJ/m2 and 47.10 MPa respectively, and the adhesive strength was 13.79 MPa, the system presents a good overall performance.

scholarly journals Sustainable access to fully biobased epoxidized vegetable oil thermoset materials prepared by thermal or UV-cationic processes

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (68) ◽  
pp. 41954-41966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Malburet ◽  
Chiara Di Mauro ◽  
Camilla Noè ◽  
Alice Mija ◽  
Marco Sangermano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether

Beyond the need to find a non-toxic alternative to DiGlycidyl Ether of Bisphenol-A (DGEBA), the serious subject of non-epichlorohydrin epoxy resins production remains a crucial challenge that must be solved for the next epoxy resin generations.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Bisphenol A Based Phosphazene-Containing Epoxy Resin with Reduced Viscosity

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kireev ◽  
Bilichenko ◽  
Borisov ◽  
Mu ◽  
Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Reduced Viscosity ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Phosphazene-containing epoxy oligomers (PEO) were synthesized by the interaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCP), phenol, and bisphenol A in a medium of excess of epichlorohydrin using potassium carbonate and hydroxide as HCl acceptors with the aim of obtaining a product with lower viscosity and higher phosphazene content. PEOs are mixtures of epoxycyclophosphazene (ECP) and a conventional organic epoxy resin based on bisphenol A in an amount controlled by the ratio of the initial mono- and diphenol. According to 31P NMR spectroscopy, pentasubstituted aryloxycyclotrophosphazene compounds predominate in the ECP composition. The relative content in the ECP radicals of mono- and diphenol was determined by the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry method. The organic epoxy fraction, according to gas chromatograpy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), contains 50–70 wt % diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A. PEO resins obtained in the present work have reduced viscosity when compared to other known phosphazene-containging epoxy resins while phosphazene content is still about 50 wt %. Resins with an epoxy number within 12–17 wt %, are cured by conventional curing agents to form compositions with flame-retardant properties, while other characteristics of these compositions are at the level of conventional epoxy materials.

Studies on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resin Modified by Fluorine-Containing Silicone

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 713-716
Author(s):  
Cheng Fang ◽  
Dong Bo Guan ◽  
Wei Guo Yao ◽  
Shou Jun Wang ◽  
Hui An
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Epoxy System ◽  
Resin Curing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modified Epoxy

The epoxy resin was modified with the mixture of α,ω-dihydroxy poly-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) siloxane (PTFPMS), KH560 and stannous octoate. KH560 can react with PTFPMS and also epoxy resin curing agent. The two reactions were characterized by FI-IR. The modified epoxy resin was characterized by FI-IR. The result showed that fluorine-containing silicone had been successfully introduced into the epoxy system. The mechanical and thermal properties of the modified epoxy resin were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of PTFPMS the impact strength of epoxy resin increased, hardness and bending strength correspondingly reduced, slight decrease in the glass transition temperature.

Effect of Various Curing Agents On the Chemical Stability of Epoxy Resins

CORROSION ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11t-20t ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALD L. DeHOFF
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Corrosion Prevention ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Outdoor Weathering ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The epoxy resins most widely used in corrosion prevention are liquids of low molecular weight which can be converted to hard, tough, chemically resistant polymers by the use of various curing agents. Unlike other thermosetting resins such as polyesters, the curing agents may produce chemical linkages in the final polymers that differ from those present in the uncured form. Hence, the properties of cured epoxy resins are likely dependent upon, and may even reflect the properties of the curing agent used. Some seven different epoxy resin systems were exposed to various chemical environments and evaluatd for changes in dimensional stability and flexural strengths over a six month period. From the data presented herein, only limited conclusions may be drawn. Heat cured systems fare better than room temperature cured systems in every case. Anhydride cured epoxy resins show greater resistance to outdoor weathering than amine cured systems. 5.4.5, 6.6.8

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