scholarly journals On the Post-Processing of 3D-Printed ABS Parts

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1559
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Khosravani ◽  
Jonas Schüürmann ◽  
Filippo Berto ◽  
Tamara Reinicke
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
3D Printed

Application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) has significantly increased in the past few years. AM also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing has been currently used in fabrication of prototypes and end-use products. Considering the new applications of additively manufactured components, it is necessary to study structural details of these parts. In the current study, influence of a post-processing on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts has been investigated. To this aim, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material was used to produce test coupons based on the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process. More in deep, a device was designed and fabricated to fix imperfection and provide smooth surfaces on the 3D-printed ABS specimens. Later, original and treated specimens were subjected to a series of tensile loads, three-point bending tests, and water absorption tests. The experimental tests indicated fracture load in untreated dog-bone shaped specimen was 2026.1 N which was decreased to 1951.7 N after surface treatment. Moreover, the performed surface treatment was lead and decrease in tensile strength from 29.37 MPa to 26.25 MPa. Comparison of the results confirmed effects of the surface modification on the fracture toughness of the examined semi-circular bending components. Moreover, a 3D laser microscope was used for visual investigation of the specimens. The documented results are beneficial for next designs and optimization of finishing processes.

Investigations for Wax Coated 3D Printed Hybrid Patterns for Partial Dentures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaljit Singh Boparai ◽  
Gurpartap Singh ◽  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Sarabjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract In this work, 3D printed master patterns of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic material have been used for the preparation of Ni-Cr based functional prototypes as partial dentures (PD). The study started with patient specific three dimensional (3D), CAD data (fetched through scanning). This data was used for preparation of .STL file for printing of master patterns on fused deposition modeling (FDM) setup. The 3D printed master patterns were further wax coated to reduce the surface irregularities (as cost effective post processing technique). The hybrid patterns were subjected to investment casting for the preparation of Ni-Cr based PD. The finally prepared functional prototypes as PD were optimized for dimensional accuracy, surface finish and surface hardness as responses. The results are visualized and supported by photomicrographs and in-vitro analysis.

Mechanical and morphological investigations of 3D printed recycled ABS reinforced with bakelite–SiC–Al2O3

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (17) ◽  
pp. 5933-5944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Inderpreet Singh ◽  
Ranvijay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Software Configuration ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Commercial Applications

The utilization of thermosetting waste is a serious issue as it is not recycled commercially due to inherent molecular properties and high technology cost. This research details the study of the mechanical behavior and surface analysis with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope of three-dimensional printed parts of the waste thermosetting polymer, bakelite (BAK) as the reinforcement along with ceramic particles (SiC and Al2O3) in recycled thermoplastic acrylonitrile butadiene styrene matrix for sustainability. The process involves twin-screw extrusion for the preparation of filament, followed by 3D printing of functional prototypes on fused deposition modeling setup. The 3D printed parts prepared with fused deposition modeling were used for the testing of mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. The results of the present study suggests that for commercial applications recycling of thermoplastic up to 10 wt% can be easily performed without a change in any hardware/ software configuration of the fused deposition modeling setup and the ceramic concentration in thermoplastic-thermosetting blends further led to better mechanical and surface properties.

scholarly journals Fracture Resistance Analysis of 3D-Printed Polymers

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Zolfagharian ◽  
Mohammad Reza Khosravani ◽  
Akif Kaynak
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Equivalent Material ◽  
J Integral ◽  
Unstable Crack ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Vital Component

Three-dimensional (3D)-printed parts are an essential subcategory of additive manufacturing with the recent proliferation of research in this area. However, 3D-printed parts fabricated by different techniques differ in terms of microstructure and material properties. Catastrophic failures often occur due to unstable crack propagations and therefore a study of fracture behavior of 3D-printed components is a vital component of engineering design. In this paper, experimental tests and numerical studies of fracture modes are presented. A series of experiments were performed on 3D-printed nylon samples made by fused deposition modeling (FDM) and multi-jet fusion (MJF) to determine the load-carrying capacity of U-notched plates fabricated by two different 3D printing techniques. The equivalent material concept (EMC) was used in conjunction with the J-integral failure criterion to investigate the failure of the notched samples. Numerical simulations indicated that when EMC was combined with the J-integral criterion the experimental results could be predicted successfully for the 3D-printed polymer samples.

Development of three-dimensional printing filaments based on poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite composites with potential for tissue engineering

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832098856
Author(s):  
Marcela Piassi Bernardo ◽  
Bruna Cristina Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Luiz Henrique Capparelli Mattoso
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

Injured bone tissues can be healed with scaffolds, which could be manufactured using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) strategy. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most biocompatible polymers suitable for FDM, while hydroxyapatite (HA) could improve the bioactivity of scaffold due to its chemical composition. Therefore, the combination of PLA/HA can create composite filaments adequate for FDM and with high osteoconductive and osteointegration potentials. In this work, we proposed a different approache to improve the potential bioactivity of 3D printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering by increasing the HA loading (20-30%) in the PLA composite filaments. Two routes were investigated regarding the use of solvents in the filament production. To assess the suitability of the FDM-3D printing process, and the influence of the HA content on the polymer matrix, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. The HA phase content of the composite filaments agreed with the initial composite proportions. The wettability of the 3D printed scaffolds was also increased. It was shown a greener route for obtaining composite filaments that generate scaffolds with properties similar to those obtained by the solvent casting, with high HA content and great potential to be used as a bone graft.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed Soft Structure of Polyurethane and Magnetorheological Fluid: A Proof-of-Concept Investigation of its Stiffness Tunability

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Woo Hong ◽  
Ji-Young Yoon ◽  
Seong-Hwan Kim ◽  
Sun-Kon Lee ◽  
Yong-Rae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Magnetorheological Fluid ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Dimensional Printing

In this study, a soft structure with its stiffness tunable by an external field is proposed. The proposed soft beam structure consists of a skin structure with channels filled with a magnetorheological fluid (MRF). Two specimens of the soft structure are fabricated by three-dimensional printing and fused deposition modeling. In the fabrication, a nozzle is used to obtain channels in the skin of the thermoplastic polyurethane, while another nozzle is used to fill MRF in the channels. The specimens are tested by using a universal tensile machine to evaluate the relationships between the load and deflection under two different conditions, without and with permanent magnets. It is empirically shown that the stiffness of the proposed soft structure can be altered by activating the magnetic field.

scholarly journals Design of Self-Supported 3D Printed Parts for Fused Deposition Modeling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Lischke ◽  
Andres Tovar
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

One of the primary challenges faced in Additive Manufacturing (AM) is reducing the overall cost and printing time. A critical factor in cost and time reduction is post-processing of 3D printed (3DP) parts, of which removing support structures is one of the most time consuming steps. Support is needed to prevent the collapse of the part or certain areas under its own weight during the 3D printing process. Currently, the design of self-supported 3DP parts follows a set of empirical guide lines. A trial and error process is needed to produce high quality parts by Fused Depositing Modeling (FDM). The usage of chamfer angle with a max 45° angle form the horizontal for FDM is a common example. Inclined surfaces with a smaller angle are prone to defects, however no theoretical basis has been fully defined, therefore a numerical model is needed. The model can predict the problematic areas at a print, reducing the experimental prints and providing a higher number of usable parts. Physical-based models have not been established due to the generally unknown properties of the material during the AM process. With simulations it is possible to simulate the part at different temperatures with a variety of other parameters that have influence on the behavior of the model. In this research, analytic calculations and physical tests are carried out to determine the material properties of the thermoplastic polymer Acrylonitrile - Butadiene - Styrene (ABS) f or FDM at the time of extrusion. This means that the ABS is going to be extruded at 200°C to 245°C and is a viscous material during part construction. Using the results from the physical and analytical models, i.e., Timoshenko’s modified beam theory for micro-structures, a numerical material model is established to simulate the filament deformation once it is deposited onto the part. Experiments were also used to find the threshold for different geometric specifications, which could then be applied to the numerical model to improve the accuracy of the simulation. The result of the finite element analysis is compared to experiments to show the correlation between the prediction of deflection in simulation and the actual deflection measured in physical experiments. A case study was conducted using an application that optimizes topology of complex geometries. After modeling and simulating the optimized part, areas of defect and errors were determined in the simulation, then verified and and measured with actual 3D prints.

scholarly journals Novel Method for the Manufacture of Complex CFRP Parts Using FDM-based Molds

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2220
Author(s):  
Paul Bere ◽  
Calin Neamtu ◽  
Razvan Udroiu
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Molded Parts ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Composite Tooling ◽  
Novel Method

Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) have attracted much interest within many industrial fields where the use of 3D printed molds can provide significant cost and time savings in the production of composite tooling. Within this paper, a novel method for the manufacture of complex-shaped FRP parts has been proposed. This paper features a new design of bike saddle, which was manufactured through the use of molds created by fused deposition modeling (FDM), of which two 3D printable materials were selected, polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and these molds were then chemically and thermally treated. The novel bike saddles were fabricated using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), by vacuum bag technology and oven curing, utilizing additive manufactured (AM) molds. Following manufacture the molded parts were subjected to a quality inspection, using non-contact three-dimensional (3D) scanning techniques, where the results were then statistically analyzed. The statistically analyzed results state that the main deviations between the CAD model and the manufactured CFRP parts were within the range of ±1 mm. Additionally, the weight of the upper part of the saddles was found to be 42 grams. The novel method is primarily intended to be used for customized products using CFRPs.

scholarly journals Typography-Like 3D-Printed Templates for the Lithography-Free Fabrication of Microfluidic Chips

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Wenqiong Su ◽  
Yulong Li ◽  
Lulu Zhang ◽  
Jiahui Sun ◽  
Shuopeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

Typography-like templates for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chips using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printer are presented. This rapid and fast proposed scheme did not require complicated photolithographic fabrication facilities and could deliver resolutions of ~100 μm. Polylactic acid (PLA) was adopted as the material to generate the 3D-printed units, which were then carefully assembled on a glass substrate using a heat-melt-curd strategy. This craft of bonding offers a cost-effective way to design and modify the templates of microfluidic channels, thus reducing the processing time of microfluidic chips. Finally, a flexible microfluidic chip to be employed for cell-based drug screening was developed based on the modularized 3D-printed templates. The lithography-free, typography-like, 3D-printed templates create a modularized fabrication process and promote the prevalence of integrated microfluidic systems with minimal requirements and improved efficiency.

Exposures during industrial 3-D printing and post-processing tasks

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonette Du Preez ◽  
Alyson Johnson ◽  
Ryan F. LeBouf ◽  
Stephanus J.L. Linde ◽  
Aleksandr B. Stefaniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Organic Vapors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Personal Exposures ◽  
Control Technologies

Purpose This paper aims to measure exposures to airborne contaminants during three-dimensional (3-D) printing and post-processing tasks in an industrial workplace. Design/methodology/approach Contaminant concentrations were assessed using real-time particle number (0.007 to 1 µm) and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) monitors and thermal desorption tubes during various tasks at a manufacturing facility using fused deposition modeling (FDMTM) 3-D printers. Personal exposures were measured for two workers using nanoparticle respiratory deposition samplers for metals and passive badges for specific VOCs. Findings Opening industrial-scale FDMTM 3-D printer doors after printing, removing desktop FDMTM 3-D printer covers during printing, acetone vapor polishing (AVP) and chloroform vapor polishing (CVP) tasks all resulted in transient increases in levels of submicrometer-scale particles and/or organic vapors, a portion of which enter the workers’ breathing zone, resulting in exposure. Personal exposure to quantifiable levels of metals in particles <300 nm were 0.02 mg/m3 for aluminum, chromium, copper, iron and titanium during FDMTM printing. Personal exposures were 0.38 to 6.47 mg/m3 for acetone during AVP and 0.18 mg/m3 for chloroform during CVP. Originality/value Characterization of tasks provided insights on factors that influenced contaminant levels, and in turn exposures to various particles, metals < 300 nm and organic vapors. These concentration and exposure factors data are useful for identifying tasks and work processes to consider for implementation of new or improved control technologies to mitigate exposures in manufacturing facilities using FDMTM 3-D printers.

scholarly journals An overview on 3D Printed Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-13
Author(s):  
Neha Thakur ◽  
Hari Murthy
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Semi Solid

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a digitally-controlled additive manufacturing technique used for fast prototyping. This paper reviews various 3D printing techniques like Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling, (FDM), Semi-solid extrusion (SSE), Stereolithography (SLA), Thermal Inkjet (TIJ) Printing, and Binder jetting 3D Printing along with their application in the field of medicine. Normal medicines are based on the principle of “one-size-fits-all”. This is not true always, it is possible medicine used for curing one patient is giving some side effects to another. To overcome this drawback “3D Printed medicines” are developed. In this paper, 3D printed medicines forming different Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) are reviewed. Printed medicines are capable of only curing the diseases, not for the diagnosis. Nanomedicines have “theranostic” ability which combines therapeutic and diagnostic. Nanoparticles are used as the drug delivery system (DDS) to damaged cells’ specific locations. By the use of nanomedicine, the fast recovery of the disease is possible. The plant-based nanoparticles are used with herbal medicines which give low-cost and less toxic medication called nanobiomedicine. 4D and 5D printing technology for the medical field are also enlightened in this paper.

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