scholarly journals Sandwich-Structured, Hydrophobic, Nanocellulose-Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol as an Alternative Straw Material

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4447
Author(s):  
Chun-Tu Chou ◽  
Shih-Chen Shi ◽  
Chih-Kuang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Solution Casting ◽  
Water Vapor Barrier

An environmentally friendly, hydrophobic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film was developed as an alternative to commercial straws for mitigating the issue of plastic waste. Nontoxic and biodegradable cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and nanofibers (CNFs) were used to prepare PVA nanocomposite films by blade coating and solution casting. Double-sided solution casting of polyethylene-glycol–poly(lactic acid) (PEG–PLA) + neat PLA hydrophobic films was performed, which was followed by heat treatment at different temperatures and durations to hydrophobize the PVA composite films. The hydrophobic characteristics of the prepared composite films and a commercial straw were compared. The PVA nanocomposite films exhibited enhanced water vapor barrier and thermal properties owing to the hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces between the substrate and the fillers. In the sandwich-structured PVA-based hydrophobic composite films, the crystallinity of PLA was increased by adjusting the temperature and duration of heat treatment, which significantly improved their contact angle and water vapor barrier. Finally, the initial contact angle and contact duration (at the contact angle of 20°) increased by 35% and 40%, respectively, which was a significant increase in the service life of the biodegradable material-based straw.

scholarly journals Ecofriendly Preparation and Characterization of a Cassava Starch/Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate Film

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Tan Yi ◽  
Minghui Qi ◽  
Qi Mo ◽  
Lijie Huang ◽  
Hanyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Nano Zno

Composite films of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) were prepared by adding thermoplastic starch (TPS) (TPS/PBAT) and nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) (TPS/PBAT/nano-ZnO). The changes of surface morphology, thermal properties, crystal types and functional groups of starch during plasticization were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, synchronous thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrometry, mechanical property tests, and contact Angle and transmittance tests. The relationship between the addition of TPS and the tensile strength, transmittance, contact angle, water absorption, and water vapor barrier of the composite film, and the influence of nano-ZnO on the mechanical properties and contact angle of the 10% TPS/PBAT composite film. Experimental results show that, after plasticizing, the crystalline form of starch changed from A-type to V-type, the functional group changed and the lipophilicity increased; the increase of TPS content, the light transmittance and mechanical properties of the composite membrane decreased, while the water vapor transmittance and water absorption increased. The mechanical properties of the composite can be significantly improved by adding nano-ZnO at a lower concentration (optimum content is 1 wt%).

Enhanced functional properties of biodegradable Polyvinyl alcohol /carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA/CMC) composite films reinforced with L-alanine surface modified CuO nanorods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamanappagouda Amaregouda ◽  
Kantharaju Kamanna ◽  
Tilak Gasti ◽  
Vijay Kumbar
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
High Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Active Food Packaging ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Cuo Nanorods

Abstract Herein, we described novel biogenic preparation of the CuO nanorods and its surface modification with L-alanine amino acid accelerated by microwave irradiation. The effect of surface functionalized CuO nanorods on the polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose film physico-mechanical properties were investigated through various characterization techniques. The tensile strength was improved from 28.58 ± 0.73 MPa to 43.40 ± 0.93 MPa, UV shielding ability and barrier to the water vapors were highly enhanced when PVA/CMC matrices filled with 8 wt% of CuO-L-alanine. In addition, the prepared films exhibited acceptable overall migration limit and readily undergoes soil burial degradation. Nevertheless, CuO-L-alanine incorporated films showed potent antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals and had high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Furthermore, the nanocomposite films showed negligible cytotoxic effect on HEK293 and Caco-2 cell lines. In these contexts, the developed nanocomposite films can be implementing as an active food packaging material.

Preparation and Properties Research of Modified Nano-ZnO/HDPE Composite Films

2010 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 450-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Na Li ◽  
Kyong Ho Cha ◽  
Qing Hui He
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Modified Zno Nanoparticles

Nanocomposite films of ZnO/HDPE were prepared via melt blending and hot compression molding process. The morphology, DSC, mechanical and barrier properties of the films were investigated. The results showed that a better dispersion of modified nanoparticles at content of 0.5wt% in HDPE matrix occurred and the improvement of the HDPE films in tensile strength and tear strength was achieved by incorporating modified-ZnO nanoparticles up to 0.5wt% in contrast with the original nano-ZnO/HDPE composite films. It was also found that the addition of modified nano-ZnO to neat HDPE caused to increase crystallinity and enhance the barrier property of nano-ZnO/HDPE composite films against water vapor and oxygen.

Preparation and Characterization of Corn Starch-Nanodiamond Composite Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 469 ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Pan ◽  
Dan Xu ◽  
Qin Liu ◽  
Hui Qing Ren ◽  
Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Loading Amount ◽  
Physical Blending

Starch-based nanocomposite films were fabricated by the incorporation of different amounts of nanodiamond (ND) particles. These films were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, TGA, tensile testing and water vapor permeability measurement. It was observed that at low loadings, ND dispersed well in starch matrix. However, as the loading amount increased, aggregates as large as several micrometers appeared. The physical blending of ND with starch didnt change the thermal degradation mechanisms of starch films, only increased the char residues. As the ND loading increased, the tensile strength of composite films increased but the elongation at break decreased. However, the water vapor permeability increased as the loading of ND increased due to the increased microspores in films. With further modifications, ND may be considered as a novel of biocompatible nanofillers for reinforcement of biopolymers for food packaging applications.

scholarly journals Efficient Gas and Water Vapor Barrier Properties of Thin Poly(lactic acid) Packaging Films: Functionalization with Moisture Resistant Nafion and Clay Multilayers

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5459-5466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Carosio ◽  
Samuele Colonna ◽  
Alberto Fina ◽  
Gaulthier Rydzek ◽  
Joseph Hemmerlé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Packaging Films ◽  
Water Vapor Barrier ◽  
Moisture Resistant

COST-FP1105: Properties of PLA films reinforced with unmodified and acetylated freeze dried nanofibrillated cellulose

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1125-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Žepič ◽  
Ida Poljanšek ◽  
Primož Oven ◽  
Matjaž Čop
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous System ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Freeze Dried

Abstract Freeze dried nanofibrils were acetylated in a heterogeneous system with acetic anhydride, pyridine, and dimethylformamide and the obtained acetylated cellulose nanofibrils (CNFac) were combined with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to a composite. CNFac with its partially hydrophobic surface showed a good compatibility with PLA resulting in composite films with improved properties. Tensile strength (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and elongation at break (EB) of PLA/CNF increased significantly when 2–5% of CNFac was added to the PLA matrix, while the addition of 10% and higher amounts CNFac decreased the EB at a higher TS and MOE. Mechanical parameters did not improve in the case of unmodified CNF addition. The addition of CNFac maintained transparency and had absorbance values between those of pure PLA film and PLA film with 2% CNF, while films formed with the addition of 5 and 10% of CNF were less transparent. The addition of CNF did not essentially affect the thermal properties of nanocomposite films. The addition of 2–10% of CNFac increased the enthalpy and maximal temperature of cold crystallization as opposed to higher loading of CNFac. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) coincide with those of the mechanical properties. Tailoring properties of PLA/CNF are only reproducible in case of homogenously distributed CNF within the PLA matrix and by an improved interphase adhesion between PLA and CNFac.

scholarly journals Effect of chitosan addition in starch and poly(lactic acid) sheets produced by extrusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Matheus Luz Alberti ◽  
Sílvio José De Souza ◽  
Heliberto Gonçalves ◽  
Fabio Yamashita ◽  
Marianne Ayumi Shirai
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Water Vapor Barrier

<p>The use of blends containing biodegradable polymers like starch and poly (lactic acid) (PLA) has gained considerable attention, especially for the food packaging production. Current research has also highlighted the use of chitosan because their antimicrobial activity, biodegradability and applicability in the production of active biodegradable food packaging. The objective of this work was to produce cassava starch and PLA sheets incorporated with chitosan by flat extrusion process (calendering-extrusion), and evaluate the mechanical, water vapor barrier and microstructural properties. In order to simplify the obtainment of the material reducing processing steps, all components of the blend were homogenized in one step extrusion The incorporation of chitosan in the starch/PLA sheets decreased significantly the tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation at break and density. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy images showed the formation of non-homogeneous mixtures with the presence of pores between the blend compounds, and this fact affected the water vapor barrier properties increasing water vapor permeability, solubility and diffusion coefficients. It was possible to conclude that although the incorporation of chitosan to the starch/PLA sheets has not contributed to obtain materials with suitable properties, it was able to produce them by calendering-extrusion process in pilot scale. Studies about chitosan incorporation in starch and PLA sheets still needed.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>DOI: 10.14685/rebrapa.v6i1.208</p><p>&nbsp;</p>

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