scholarly journals Continuous Biodiesel Production from Waste Soybean Oil Using a Nano-Fe3O4 Microwave Catalysis

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Ching-Hsing Lin ◽  
Yi-Tang Chang ◽  
Mei-Chou Lai ◽  
Tai-Ying Chiou ◽  
Chien-Sen Liao
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Co Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Nano Fe3o4 ◽  
High Level ◽  
Astm D6751 ◽  
Waste Soybean Oil

In this study, we conducted an efficient microwave-assisted transesterification process combining homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic phases to produce biodiesel from waste soybean oil. A cylindrical quartz reactor packed with nanoparticles of Fe3O4 as a co-catalyst was applied to improve the reaction. The process was carried out with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, power of 560 W, and residence time of 30 s. The specifications of the biodiesel produced in this study were compared with two standards, i.e., ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. We found that the continuous conversion of waste soybean oil to methyl ester was approximately 95%. The biodiesel showed a higher flash point and a higher carbon residue content than that of both standards, and the viscosity (5.356 mm2/s) and density (898.1 kg/m3) were both at a high level. Compared to a conventional heating plate, the energy consumption was significantly reduced by nearly 93%. It is expected that these findings will provide useful information for green and sustainable processes for the regeneration and reuse of oil.

scholarly journals Waste Soybean Oil and Corn Steep Liquor as Economic Substrates for Bioemulsifier and Biodiesel Production by Candida lipolytica UCP 0998

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Souza ◽  
Dayana Rodriguez ◽  
Daylin Ribeaux ◽  
Marcos Luna ◽  
Thayse Lima e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Candida Lipolytica ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Waste Soybean Oil

scholarly journals Studies on biodiesel produced from Jatropha oil in Cambodia by a non-catalytic using C2H5OH

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Phuoc Van Nguyen ◽  
Chhoun Vi Thun ◽  
Quan Thanh Pham
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Astm D6751

Different technologies are currently available for biodiesel production from various kinds of lipid containing feedstock. Among them, the alkaline-catalyzed methods are the most widely studied. However, here are several disadvantages related to biodiesel production using alkaline catalysts such as generation of wastewater, catalyst deactivation, difficulty in the separation of biodiesel from catalyst and glycerin, etc. To limit the problems mentioned above, in this study, biodiesel is produced by a non-catalytic using C2H5OH. The effect of experimental variables (the molar ratio ethanol/oil of 41.18:1 – 46.82:1, reaction times of 50 - 90 minutes and reaction temperatures of 2750C - 2950C) on the yield of biodiesel was studied. The 96% yield of Cambodia biodiesel of reaction between C2H5OH and Jatropha Oil at 46:1 at temperature 2900C at 60 minutes no using catalysts. Obtained biodiesel fuel was up to the International Standard ASTM D6751 for biodiesel fuel blend stock (B100).

scholarly journals Manganese carbonate-zinc glycerolate, synthesis, characterization and application as catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-443
Author(s):  
Xiaochan Zhu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Dejan Skala
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Manganese Carbonate ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Working Parameters

In this study, mixed system containing manganese carbonate (MnCO3) and zinc glycerolate (ZnGly) was synthesized, and tested as solid catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil and biodiesel production. The samples of MnCO3/ZnGly before and after usage for transesterification process were characterized using different techniques: determination of basic strength, determination of specific surface area according to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), measuring the mass change using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), investigating the solid phase content and presence of different specific elements and groups by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The effects of different working parameters of transesterification were also investigated: temperature (438-458K), duration of transesterification (0-3.5h), methanol to oil molar ratio (12:1-36:1) and used amounts of catalyst (1-5 mass%). The reusability and stability of MnCO3/ZnGly were analyzed and obtained results showed that MnCO3/ZnGly exhibited a good activity with 100% TG conversion and 81.5% FAME yield with fresh catalyst, and can give 95-100% TG conversion and 62-78% FAME yield after 13 repeated use of same amount of catalyst without regeneration processes. Content of Mn and Zn in biodiesel and glycerol was analyzed by ICP-AAS after each reuse of catalyst.

scholarly journals Study of Soybean Oil Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase and Its Application to Biodiesel Production via Hydroesterification

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa d'Avila Cavalcanti-Oliveira ◽  
Priscila Rufino da Silva ◽  
Alessandra Peçanha Ramos ◽  
Donato Alexandre Gomes Aranda ◽  
Denise Maria Guimarães Freire
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus Lipase ◽  
Niobic Acid

The process of biodiesel production by the hydroesterification route that is proposed here involves a first step consisting of triacylglyceride hydrolysis catalyzed by lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL 100L) to generate free fatty acids (FFAs). This step is followed by esterification of the FFAs with alcohol, catalyzed by niobic acid in pellets or without a catalyst. The best result for the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis was obtained under reaction conditions of 50% (v/v) soybean oil and 2.3% (v/v) lipase (25 U/mL of reaction medium) in distilled water and at 60∘C; an 89% conversion rate to FFAs was obtained after 48 hours of reaction. For the esterification reaction, the best result was with an FFA/methanol molar ratio of 1:3, niobic acid catalyst at a concentration of 20% (w/w FFA), and 200∘C, which yielded 92% conversion of FFAs to soy methyl esters after 1 hour of reaction. This study is exceptional because both the hydrolysis and the esterification use a simple reaction medium with high substrate concentrations.

Green Catalyzing Transesterification of Soybean Oil with Methanol for Biodiesel Based on the Reuse of Waste River-Snail Shell

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 794-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hua Liu ◽  
Hai Xin Bai ◽  
Dong Jie Zhu ◽  
Geng Cao
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Green Catalyst ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
Diffraction Effects

In this paper, calcined river-snail shell was used as a novel solid base catalyst in the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol for biodiesel production. The calcined river-snail shell was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Effects of transesterification process variables were investigated. The results indicated that river-snail shell calcined at 800 °C catalyzed the transesterification of soybean oil for biodiesel with a yield over 98 % under the conditions including catalyst of 3.0% (w/w), a molar ratio of methanol/oil of 9:1, reaction time of 3 h, and reaction temperature of 65 °C. As a low-cost green catalyst, calcined river-snail shell could not only minimize the environmental wastes resulted from the solid shell, but also reduce the production costs of biodiesel.

scholarly journals Kinetic Study on the CsXH3−XPW12O40/Fe-SiO2Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Feyzi ◽  
Leila Norouzi ◽  
Hamid Reza Rafiee
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Operation Conditions

The kinetic of the transesterification reaction over theCsXH3−XPW12O40/Fe-SiO2catalyst prepared using sol-gel and impregnation procedures was investigated in different operational conditions. Experimental conditions were varied as follows: reaction temperature 323–333 K, methanol/oil molar ratio = 12/1, and the reaction time 0–240 min. The H3PW12O40heteropolyacid has recently attracted significant attention due to its potential for application in the production of biodiesel, in either homogeneous or heterogeneous catalytic conditions. Although fatty acids esterification reaction has been known for some time, data is still scarce regarding kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, especially when catalyzed by nonconventional compounds such as H3PW12O40. Herein, a kinetic study utilizing Gc-Mas in situ allows for evaluating the effects of operation conditions on reaction rate and determining the activation energy along with thermodynamic constants includingΔG,ΔS, andΔH. It indicated that theCsXH3−XPW12O40/Fe-SiO2magnetic nanocatalyst can be easily recycled with a little loss by magnetic field and can maintain higher catalytic activity and higher recovery even after being used 5 times. Characterization of catalyst was carried out by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N2adsorption-desorption measurements methods, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

scholarly journals Preparation, characterization and evaluation of x-MoO3/Al-SBA-15 catalysts for biodiesel production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce S. B. Figueiredo ◽  
Bruno T. S. Alves ◽  
Vitória A. Freire ◽  
José J. N. Alves ◽  
Bianca V. S. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
High Surface ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Mesoporous Molecular Sieves ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Textural Characteristic

Abstract Biodiesel is an alternative source of renewable energy that can be produced by a transesterification of vegetable oils. Mesoporous molecular sieves, such as SBA-15, due to high surface area and thermal stability are promising precursors for heterogeneous catalysts in the transesterification reaction. In this work, Al-SBA-15 precursor was obtained by direct hydrothermal synthesis, impregnated with different MoO3 contents (5, 10 and 15 wt%) by the pore saturation method, and evaluated as heterogeneous catalyst in the production of biodiesel from a transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. Al-SBA-15 precursor as well as MoO3/Al-SBA-15 catalyst were characterized for its structural characteristic by X-ray diffraction, textural characteristic by N2 adsorption analysis, and thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis. An experimental planning 22 + 3 CtPt was used to evaluate the influence of MoO3 content and reaction time on biodiesel yield from soybean oil and methanol. The biodiesel content in the final product was obtained by gas chromatography. An average biodiesel yield of 96% was obtained with the catalyst 10%MoO3/Al-SBA-15 under the following reaction conditions: 20:1 methanol/soybean oil molar ratio, and 3 wt% of catalyst loading at 150 °C in 3 h. After five consecutive reaction cycles, the biodiesel yield decreased by about 34%. The density and acidity of the biodiesel produced are within the specified values for commercialization according to international standards. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Optimization Study in Biodiesel Production via Response Surface Methodology Using Dolomite as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina C. R. Santos ◽  
Rômulo B. Vieira ◽  
Antoninho Valentini
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Calcium Leaching

A carbonate mineral, dolomite, was used as a heterogeneous catalyst to produce methyl-esters from soybean oil. The samples were analyzed by XRF, TGA, XRD, TPD-CO2, and SEM. The calcination of dolomite at 800°C/1 h resulted in a highly active mixed metal oxides. In addition, the influence of the reaction variables such as the temperature, catalyst amount, and methanol/soybean oil molar ratio in methyl-ester production was optimized by the application of a central composite design in conjunction with the response surface methodology (RSM). The XRF analysis is carried out after the reuses procedure which shows that the deactivation process is mainly due to the selective calcium leaching. Overall, the calcined dolomite exhibited high catalytic activity at moderate operating conditions for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Performance das variáveis operacionais na transesterificação etílica do óleo de soja

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
K. A. Borges ◽  
Douglas Q. Santos ◽  
W. B. Neto ◽  
J. D. Fabris ◽  
M. G. Hernández-Terrones
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Catalyst Type ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fractional Factorial Experimental Design

The following operational variables in the ethylic transesterification of soybean oil were evaluated using the fractional factorial experimental design: (1) time (2) stirring speed, (3) molar ratio ethanol: triglycerides, (4) ratio of catalyst for the mass of oil (5) type of catalyst and (6) temperature. The levels for each variable studied were: (1) time, 30 and 60 minutes, (2) speed, 100 and 200 rpm, (3) molar ratio ethanol: triglycerides, 9:1 and 12:1, (4) proportion of catalyst in relation to the mass of oil, 0.5% and 1.5% (5) type of catalyst, sodium hydroxide or potassium and (6) temperature, 35 ° C and 55 ° C. The order of magnitude of the effect observed for each of these factors in terms of income, the transesterification was: concentration of the catalyst> catalyst type> molar ratio > time> temperature> speed. In this work we studied the interactions between the variables and their implications in the transesterification process via ethylic route for soybean oil. The interactions between the variables (1) and (6), (1) and (2), (1) and (5), (2) and (4) were significant and positive for the process, ie it, followed the trends the individual effects of the main variables of the interaction will be favored income. Interactions: (2) and (6), (1) and (3), (1) and (4) proved to be negative and significant which implies that followed the trends of the individual effects of the interaction of the main variables, yields biodiesel production will decrease.

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