Experimental Characterization and Energy Performance Assessment of a Sorption-Enhanced Steam–Methane Reforming System

The production of blue hydrogen through sorption-enhanced processes has emerged as a suitable option to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Sorption-enhanced steam–methane reforming (SESMR) is a process intensification of highly endothermic steam–methane reforming (SMR), ensured by in situ carbon capture through a solid sorbent, making hydrogen production efficient and more environmentally sustainable. In this study, a comprehensive energy model of SESMR was developed to carry out a detailed energy characterization of the process, with the aim of filling a current knowledge gap in the literature. The model was applied to a bench-scale multicycle SESMR/sorbent regeneration test to provide an energy insight into the process. Besides the experimental advantages of higher hydrogen concentration (90 mol% dry basis, 70 mol% wet basis) and performance of CO2 capture, the developed energy model demonstrated that SESMR allows for substantially complete energy self-sufficiency through the process. In comparison to SMR with the same process conditions (650 °C, 1 atm) performed in the same experimental rig, SESMR improved the energy efficiency by about 10%, further reducing energy needs.

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A framework for assessing economics of blue hydrogen production from steam methane reforming using carbon capture storage & utilisation

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ◽

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.04.104 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Haider Ali Khan ◽

Rahman Daiyan ◽

Peter Neal ◽

Nawshad Haque ◽

Iain MacGill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Production ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Methane Reforming ◽

Steam Methane Reforming ◽

Steam Methane ◽

Carbon Capture Storage

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Biogas Reforming as a Precursor for Integrated Algae Biorefineries: Simulation and Techno-Economic Analysis

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9081348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1348

Author(s):

Philipp Kenkel ◽

Timo Wassermann ◽

Edwin Zondervan

Keyword(s):

Carbon Capture ◽

Water Electrolysis ◽

Autothermal Reforming ◽

Co2 Separation ◽

Methane Reforming ◽

Steam Methane Reforming ◽

Steam Methane ◽

Economic Process ◽

Direct Hydrogenation ◽

Expensive Process

Biogas is a significant by-product produced in algae processing and may be used for many different applications, not only as a renewable energy carrier but also as a chemical intermediate in integrated algae-based biorefineries. In this work, the reforming of biogas to H2/CO2 mixtures (referred to as SynFeed) as feed for the direct hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is investigated. Two conventional processes, namely steam methane and autothermal reforming, with upstream CO2 separation from raw biogas are compared to novel concepts of direct biogas bi- and tri-reforming. In addition, downstream CO2 separation from SynFeed using the commercial Selexol process to produce pure H2 and CO2 is considered. The results show that upstream CO2 separation with subsequent steam methane reforming is the most economic process, costing 142.48 €/tSynFeed, and taking into consideration the revenue from excess hydrogen. Bi-reforming is the most expensive process, with a cost of 413.44 €/tSynFeed, due to the high demand of raw biogas input. Overall, SynFeed from biogas is more economical than SynFeed from CO2 capture and water electrolysis (464 €/tSynFeed), but is slightly more expensive than using natural gas as an input (107 €/SynFeed). Carbon capture using Selexol comes with costs of 22.58–27.19 €/tCO2, where approximately 50% of the costs are derived from the final CO2 compression.

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Monolithic Adsorbent-Based Rapid-Cycle Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption Process for Carbon Capture from Small-Scale Steam Methane Reforming

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research ◽

10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05337 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (15) ◽

pp. 7109-7120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ishan Sharma ◽

Daniel Friedrich ◽

Timothy Golden ◽

Stefano Brandani

Keyword(s):

Carbon Capture ◽

Pressure Swing Adsorption ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Vacuum Pressure ◽

Small Scale ◽

Methane Reforming ◽

Steam Methane Reforming ◽

Steam Methane ◽

Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption ◽

Pressure Swing

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Comparative Analysis of On-Board Methane and Methanol Reforming Systems Combined with HT-PEM Fuel Cell and CO2 Capture/Liquefaction System for Hydrogen Fueled Ship Application

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13010224 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 224 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hyunyong Lee ◽

Inchul Jung ◽

Gilltae Roh ◽

Youngseung Na ◽

Hokeun Kang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Capture ◽

Co2 Storage ◽

Methane Reforming ◽

Fuel Cost ◽

Methanol Reforming ◽

Steam Methane Reforming ◽

Aspen Hysys ◽

Steam Methane ◽

Energy And Exergy ◽

Shaft Power

This study performs energetic and exergetic comparisons between the steam methane reforming and steam methanol reforming technologies combined with HT-PEMFC and a carbon capture/liquefaction system for use in hydrogen-fueled ships. The required space for the primary fuel and captured/liquefied CO2 and the fuel cost have also been investigated to find the more advantageous system for ship application. For the comparison, the steam methane reforming-based system fed by LNG and the steam methanol reforming-based system fed by methanol have been modeled in an Aspen HYSYS environment. All the simulations have been conducted at a fixed Wnet, electrical (475 kW) to meet the average shaft power of the reference ship. Results show that at the base condition, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the methanol-based system are 7.99% and 1.89% higher than those of the methane-based system, respectively. The cogeneration efficiency of the methane-based system is 7.13% higher than that of the methanol-based system. The comparison of space for fuel and CO2 storage reveals that the methanol-based system requires a space 1.1 times larger than that of the methane-based system for the total voyage time, although the methanol-based system has higher electrical efficiency. In addition, the methanol-based system has a fuel cost 2.2 times higher than that of the methane-based system to generate 475 kW net of electricity for the total voyage time.

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Methane Pyrolysis in Molten Potassium Chloride: An Experimental and Economic Analysis

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14238182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (23) ◽

pp. 8182

Author(s):

Jinho Boo ◽

Eun Hee Ko ◽

No-Kuk Park ◽

Changkook Ryu ◽

Yo-Han Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Potassium Chloride ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Bubble Column ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Methane Reforming ◽

Solid Carbon ◽

Steam Methane Reforming ◽

Steam Methane ◽

Production Of Hydrogen ◽

Methane Pyrolysis

Although steam methane reforming (CH4 + 2H2O → 4H2 + CO2) is the most commercialized process for producing hydrogen from methane, more than 10 kg of carbon dioxide is emitted to produce 1 kg of hydrogen. Methane pyrolysis (CH4 → 2H2 + C) has attracted much attention as an alternative to steam methane reforming because the co-product of hydrogen is solid carbon. In this study, the simultaneous production of hydrogen and separable solid carbon from methane was experimentally achieved in a bubble column filled with molten potassium chloride. The melt acted as a carbon-separating agent and as a pyrolytic catalyst, and enabled 40 h of continuous running without catalytic deactivation with an apparent activation energy of 277 kJ/mole. The resultant solid was purified by water washing or acid washing, or heating at high temperature to remove salt residues from the carbon. Heating the solid product at 1200 °C produced the highest purity carbon (97.2 at%). The economic feasibility of methane pyrolysis was evaluated by varying key parameters, that is, melt loss, melt price, and carbon revenue. Given a potassium chloride loss of <0.1 kg of salt per kg of produced carbon, the carbon revenue was calculated to be USD > 0.45 per kg of produced carbon. In this case, methane pyrolysis using molten potassium chloride may be comparable to steam methane reforming with carbon capture storage.

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