scholarly journals Overview of the Benefits and Challenges Associated with Pelletizing Biochar

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Paper Mill ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Powder Form ◽  
Densification Behavior ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Animal Wastes ◽  
Application Fields

Biochar can be derived from a wide variety of organic materials including agricultural wastes and residues, animal wastes, municipal solid wastes, pulp and paper mill wastes, and sewage sludge. Its productivity relies on feedstock type and thermochemical conditions of production. Biochar has many application advantages in several fields and has been widely studied in recent years. However, most of these studies are mainly on the powder form of biochar, while its pelleted form is sparsely reported. Even with the reported studies on biochar pellets, there is still lack of knowledge and awareness of the effects of different feedstock on the densification behavior of biochar. The mechanisms of biochar densification, which appear to be sensitive to the conditions predominating during its thermochemical production, are affected by the material from which the biochar is derived. This partly accounts for why biochar pellets have not been widely adopted in various application fields. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of the benefits associated with the use of biochar pellets and discusses the challenges encountered when pelleting biochars that are derived from different feedstock under various carbonization conditions. Research priority areas needed to overcome the challenges are also identified and discussed. The purpose is to contribute to better understanding on biochar pelletization behavior, and to offer insights useful to comprehend some basic principles that may occur in the pelleting process and to ease further and more thorough investigations.

Quality of Anaerobic Compost from Paper Mill and Municipal Solid Wastes for Soil Amendment

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Poggi-Varaldo ◽  
J. Trejo-Espino ◽  
G. Fernández-Villagómez ◽  
F. Esparza-García ◽  
S. Caffarel-Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Compost Quality ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Demand Rate

Our previous work has shown the technical and economic feasibility of the solid substrate anaerobic digestion (DASS) of municipal and non-hazardous industrial solid wastes. However, the anaerobic compost (AnC) quality for direct application as a soil amender or other alternative uses are issues that have received scarce attention. This research aimed at reviewing the advances made by our Group in two areas: anaerobic compost quality determination, and its post-treatment by aerobic composting. A factorial experiment 4×2×2 was run. The factors were feedstock type (4 mixtures of food waste, FW, and lignocellulosic fraction, LG: 100%FW, 67%FW-33%LG, 33%FW-67%LG and 100%LG or FS1, FS2, FS3 and FS4 respectively), temperature (35°C and 55°C), and mass retention time (MRT, 16 and 23 days). The LG fraction consisted of paper mill sludge cake. Anaerobic compost from DASS reactors operated at 23 day/35°C) was fed to lab scale semi-continuous aerobic composters (5 day and 10 day MRT, 35°C and 55°C). The AnC coming from feedstocks with increasing proportion of LG fraction (FS3 and FS4) gave the lowest chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), volatile organic acids (VOA) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations in the extract and the highest germination indices (GI). The AnC from thermo- digesters showed a lower quality than those from mesophilic reactors (presumably associated to higher contents of VOA and TAN in the extracts), while AnC from digesters at 23 day-MRT had a better quality than those from reactors operated at 16-day-MRT. Overall, AnC generated in reactors fed with FS3 and FS4, at 35°C and 23 day-MRT showed the highest quality. Heavy metal concentrations in all the AnC were lower than the maximum levels indicated in USA and European compost quality standards. However, high total oxygen uptake (UAD), moderate-to-high concentrations of VOA and GIs under 60% indicated that the AnC was not suitable for direct use as a soil improver. Regarding the aerobic post-composting, operation at longer MRT (10 day) and 55°C gave aerobic composts of better quality than those coming from 5 day-MRT composters. Aerobic post-composting caused considerable reductions of TAN, VOA, UAD, immediate oxygen demand rate, and increased compost GI up to approximately 100%.

CLEAN UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS DERIVED FROM IT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Alexander Topal ◽  
◽  
Iryna Holenko ◽  
Luidmyla Haponych ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Clean Technologies

For the municipal solid waste (MSW) to be used in a proper way, it is necessary to implement clean technologies capable of thermal treatment of MSW and RDF in order to produce heat and electricity while meeting current ecological requirements. Nowadays, a number of technologies for MSW/RDF thermal treating are being used worldwide. Among them, the most proven technologies, applicable for industrial introduction, have been considered while analyzing their advantages/ disadvantages accounting for local conditions of Ukraine.

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