Quality of Anaerobic Compost from Paper Mill and Municipal Solid Wastes for Soil Amendment

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Poggi-Varaldo ◽  
J. Trejo-Espino ◽  
G. Fernández-Villagómez ◽  
F. Esparza-García ◽  
S. Caffarel-Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Compost Quality ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Demand Rate

Our previous work has shown the technical and economic feasibility of the solid substrate anaerobic digestion (DASS) of municipal and non-hazardous industrial solid wastes. However, the anaerobic compost (AnC) quality for direct application as a soil amender or other alternative uses are issues that have received scarce attention. This research aimed at reviewing the advances made by our Group in two areas: anaerobic compost quality determination, and its post-treatment by aerobic composting. A factorial experiment 4×2×2 was run. The factors were feedstock type (4 mixtures of food waste, FW, and lignocellulosic fraction, LG: 100%FW, 67%FW-33%LG, 33%FW-67%LG and 100%LG or FS1, FS2, FS3 and FS4 respectively), temperature (35°C and 55°C), and mass retention time (MRT, 16 and 23 days). The LG fraction consisted of paper mill sludge cake. Anaerobic compost from DASS reactors operated at 23 day/35°C) was fed to lab scale semi-continuous aerobic composters (5 day and 10 day MRT, 35°C and 55°C). The AnC coming from feedstocks with increasing proportion of LG fraction (FS3 and FS4) gave the lowest chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), volatile organic acids (VOA) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations in the extract and the highest germination indices (GI). The AnC from thermo- digesters showed a lower quality than those from mesophilic reactors (presumably associated to higher contents of VOA and TAN in the extracts), while AnC from digesters at 23 day-MRT had a better quality than those from reactors operated at 16-day-MRT. Overall, AnC generated in reactors fed with FS3 and FS4, at 35°C and 23 day-MRT showed the highest quality. Heavy metal concentrations in all the AnC were lower than the maximum levels indicated in USA and European compost quality standards. However, high total oxygen uptake (UAD), moderate-to-high concentrations of VOA and GIs under 60% indicated that the AnC was not suitable for direct use as a soil improver. Regarding the aerobic post-composting, operation at longer MRT (10 day) and 55°C gave aerobic composts of better quality than those coming from 5 day-MRT composters. Aerobic post-composting caused considerable reductions of TAN, VOA, UAD, immediate oxygen demand rate, and increased compost GI up to approximately 100%.

Tilapia rearing with high rate algal pond effluent: ammonia surface loading rates and stocking densities effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
I. A. Sánchez ◽  
R. K. X. Bastos ◽  
E. A. T. Lana
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Surface Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Total Ammonia

Abstract In two pilot-scale experiments, fingerlings and juvenile of tilapia were reared in high rate algal pond (HRAP) effluent. The combination of three different total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) surface loading rates (SLR1 = 0.6, SLR2 = 1.2; SLR3 = 2.4 kg TAN·ha−1·d−1) and two fish stocking densities (D1 = 4 and D2 = 8 fish per tank) was evaluated during two 12-week experiments. Fingerlings total weight gain varied from 4.9 to 18.9 g, with the highest value (equivalent to 0.225 g·d−1) being recorded in SLR2-D1 treatment; however, high mortality (up to 67%) was recorded, probably due to sensitivity to ammonia and wide daily temperature variations. At lower water temperatures, juvenile tilapia showed no mortality, but very low weight gain. The fish rearing tanks worked as wastewater polishing units, adding the following approximate average removal figures on top of those achieved at the HRAP: 63% of total Kjeldahl nitrogen; 54% of ammonia nitrogen; 42% of total phosphorus; 37% of chemical oxygen demand; 1.1 log units of Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals Sustainability and feasibility assessments of nanobubble aeration technology in economic-socio environment of Penaeus vannamei shrimp farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
Lily Susanti ◽  
Suyud Warno Utomo ◽  
Noverita Dian Takarina
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The Social ◽  
Total Ammonia

Penaeus vannamei shrimp farming in Indonesia is faced with several challenges in the environmental, economic, and social aspects. Therefore, this study aims to assess the benefits of novel nanobubble aeration systems for the ecosystem, businesses, and communities. This is an experimental study conducted by comparing P. vannamei post larva 10 reared at a density of 2000 inds./L in a pond treated with nanobubble and without treatments (control). Furthermore, the Net Present Value (NPV) and payback period were calculated to assess the economic feasibility of nanobubble, while community interviews were used for the social sectors. Based on the results, environmental wastes of shrimp farming in form of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) were reduced by 9% from 2.58 mg/l (95%CI: 0,91, 4,25) in control compared to 2.35 mg/l (95%CI: 0,86, 3,84) in treatment. Furthermore, the revenues from post larva sales for five years and nanobubble investment costs showed that the estimated NPV was IDR 64,824,374 with a payback period of 1.7 years. The interviews on traditional shrimp farming showed that 61.1% to 72.2% of community members agreed on the use of nanobubble aeration to support livelihoods. Therefore, the use of nanobubbles is feasible to support sustainable P. vannamei farming.

Modelling Nitrification of a Lagoon Effluent in Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactors

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight Houweling ◽  
Frédéric Monette ◽  
Louise Millette ◽  
Yves Comeau
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Total Ammonia

Abstract A pilot study was performed at the Sainte-Julie wastewater treatment plant to evaluate the potential of using the Moving-Bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process for removing BOD5 (5-day biochemical oxygen demand) and ammonia nitrogen in a two-stage process at the exit of the first lagoon. Nitrification was observed in the first reactor at rates similar to those reported in the literature for a similar biomass carrier when bulk liquid dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were 6 g of O2 per m3. Nitrification rates were significantly reduced when DO was reduced to 3 g of O2 per m3. DO concentrations were maintained at 6 g of O2 per m3 in the second reactor, and nitrification rates comparable to those reported in the literature were observed for a temperature range of 3 to 16°C. An empirical DO-limited model was validated for the first reactor while in the second reactor nitrification was found to be either DO limited or total-ammonia-nitrogen limited, depending on nitrification rates in the upstream reactor. The DO-limited model predicts that the MBBR process is more sensitive to organic load than it is to temperature. A commercially available numerical model was calibrated to the results of the pilot study. Model results indicate that detachment and attachment rates play an important role in determining nitrification rates in the biofilm. Similar nitrification rates in an MBBR system installed upstream and downstream from an aerated lagoon in winter conditions were predicted using the empirical DO-limited model.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Eco Enzyme Produced from Fruit and Vegetable Wastes and its Influence on the Aquaculture Sludge

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 10205-10214
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Vegetable Wastes

The high composition of food waste in municipal solid waste production is one of the most critical environmental issues since the decomposition process produces and releases carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere and causes a greenhouse effect. Therefore, to minimize the composition of organic wastes in the landfill, this study was conducted to characterize the eco enzyme produced from the fermentation of fruit waste. Then, the treatment of aquaculture sludge will also be determined to examine its applicability. The effectiveness of the eco enzyme on sludge treatment was experimented based on the different dilution factors of the eco enzyme (5 %, 10 %, 15 %) for 10 days (Batch process). The results showed that the eco enzyme possesses Protease, Amylase, and Lipase. Meanwhile, the results of the treatment process showed the enzyme solution (10 %) was found more potent and economical in treating aquaculture sludge in which resulted in a reduction of 89 % of Total Suspended Solid, 78 % of Volatile Suspended Solid, 88 % of Chemical Oxygen Demand, 94 % of Total Ammonia Nitrogen and 97 % of Total Phosphorus. Eco enzyme produced from the study has effectively acted as an environmentally friendly solution to reduce the composition of food waste in solid waste generation and has the potential to be applied in the wastewater industry.

scholarly journals Overview of the Benefits and Challenges Associated with Pelletizing Biochar

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Paper Mill ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Powder Form ◽  
Densification Behavior ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Animal Wastes ◽  
Application Fields

Biochar can be derived from a wide variety of organic materials including agricultural wastes and residues, animal wastes, municipal solid wastes, pulp and paper mill wastes, and sewage sludge. Its productivity relies on feedstock type and thermochemical conditions of production. Biochar has many application advantages in several fields and has been widely studied in recent years. However, most of these studies are mainly on the powder form of biochar, while its pelleted form is sparsely reported. Even with the reported studies on biochar pellets, there is still lack of knowledge and awareness of the effects of different feedstock on the densification behavior of biochar. The mechanisms of biochar densification, which appear to be sensitive to the conditions predominating during its thermochemical production, are affected by the material from which the biochar is derived. This partly accounts for why biochar pellets have not been widely adopted in various application fields. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of the benefits associated with the use of biochar pellets and discusses the challenges encountered when pelleting biochars that are derived from different feedstock under various carbonization conditions. Research priority areas needed to overcome the challenges are also identified and discussed. The purpose is to contribute to better understanding on biochar pelletization behavior, and to offer insights useful to comprehend some basic principles that may occur in the pelleting process and to ease further and more thorough investigations.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Pineapples Waste Enzyme for the Improvement of Hydrolysis Solubility in Aquaculture Sludge

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fatma Syahirah ◽  
R. Nazaitulshila
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion Process ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Total Ammonia

High volumes of sludge discharge from the aquaculture industry have relatively high pollutant content that may lead to severe local environmental problems. Anaerobic digestion is one of the technologies for sludge treatment that might be an efficient method to reduce salty aquaculture sludge production load. However, hydrolysis solubility is becoming a limitation step during the anaerobic digestion process when the occurrence of intermediate accumulation resulted from the conversion of non-soluble biopolymers to soluble organic compounds. Thus, pretreatment is required to increase the solubilization of pollutant parameters from aquaculture sludge before it is further treated in the anaerobic treatment. Therefore, this study focuses on the production of biocatalytic enzyme from the fermentation of pre-consumer supermarket waste such as pineapple dregs to increase the solubility of aquaculture sludge. The fermentation of the pineapples waste was produced via a three-month fermentation of the mixture of molasses, pineapple dregs and water, with the ratio of 1:3:10 in a tight plastic container. Apart from that, analyses showed that the enzyme possessed lipase, amylase and protease activity. The sludge solubilization pretreatment was performed at different pH values, with treatment time for 120 hours and the solubilization was evaluated by determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) solubilization; the solubilization of COD and TAN increased by 80% and 50%, respectively. This finding showed that the pineapple enzyme has the capability to solubilize organic compound, which has the potential to improve hydrolysis in further anaerobic digestion process.

In situ nutrient removal from aquaculture wastewater by aquatic vegetable Ipomoea aquatica on floating beds

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1937-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiang Li ◽  
Zhongjie Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatica ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Aquaculture Wastewater ◽  
Artificial Beds

Nutrient-rich effluents caused rising concern due to eutrophication of aquatic environment by utilization of a large amount of formula feed. Nutrient removal and water quality were investigated by planting aquatic vegetable on artificial beds in 36-m2 concrete fishponds. After treatment of 120 days, 30.6% of total nitrogen (TN) and 18.2% of total phosphorus (TP) were removed from the total input nutrients by 6-m2 aquatic vegetable Ipomoea aquatica. The concentrations of TN, TP, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and chlorophyll a in planted ponds were significantly lower than those in non-planted ponds (P<0.05). Transparency of water in planted ponds was much higher than that of control ponds. No significant differences in the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2−-N) were found between planted and non-planted ponds. These results suggested that planting aquatic vegetable with one-sixth covered area of the fishponds could efficiently remove nutrient and improve water quality.

scholarly journals Investigating the Suitability of Grape Husks Biochar, Municipal Solid Wastes Compost and Mixtures of Them for Agricultural Applications to Mediterranean Soils

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Despina Vamvuka ◽  
Katerina Esser ◽  
Kostas Komnitsas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Leaching Experiments ◽  
Mediterranean Soil

Present work aimed at evaluating the leaching potential of grape husks biochar, municipal solid wastes compost and their combined application as amendments of sandy Mediterranean soil, in order to assess their capability of releasing/retaining nutrients or heavy metals and therefore their suitability for agricultural applications. Grape husks biochar was produced by pyrolysis at 500 °C in a fixed bed unit. Column leaching experiments, simulating Mediterranean rainfall conditions, were conducted. For all compost/biochar/soil combinations, alkali and alkaline earth metals showed greater solubility, increasing the pH of the extracts and thus decreasing the leachability of heavy metals Cr, Cu, Zr and Sr. Biochar co-application with compost did not prevent the leaching of nitrates, phosphates or trace elements; however, it did lower the chemical oxygen demand and allowed the slower release of sodium, calcium and magnesium from soil. As compared to compost, addition of biochar to soil increased the concentration of potassium by 76%, whereas it decreased that of heavy metals in the leachates by 40%–95%. Grape husks biochar could serve as a better soil amendment than municipal solid wastes compost and if carefully managed could be used as liming agent or fertilizer on acidic soils.

scholarly journals Optimized Design of Wastewater Treatment Sludge and Municipal Solid Wastes Co-Composting

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Saeed Nemati ◽  
Bijan Samali ◽  
Farshad Sanati
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nutrient Resources

The purpose of this study is nutrient resources recovery by achieving the optimal chemical oxygen demand (COD) and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) in co-composting wastewater treatment plant sludge with Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW). In this effort, the co-composting has been conducted in form of a case study in the southern region of Caspian Sea. In this research, 192 tests were carried out on four series of samples examined in terms of waste to sludge ratio, different aeration period, the percent of porous materials and the moisture content. This study was carried out at a temperature of 65 °C for a 15 day period by application of the in-vessel system and shows that the best ratio for waste to sludge is 2:1, while the 8 hour period is the best aeration period. The porous material which can be added to the composting process is limited to 15% in weight. In other words, any more or less amount of this material will adversely impact the process. Moreover, this research suggests that the sludge dewatering is not required in such processes. In Addition, the efficiency of both COD and C/N reductions equals to about 40%.

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