Increasing the level of environmental safety of drilling sludge storages

The main sources of soil pollution due to the development of oil and gas fields are analyzed. It is shown that the main sources of oil products entering the soil are sludge accumulators and drilling barns. A new construction of a drilling barn and a scheme of reclamation of the existing ones are proposed. The implementation of such developments will minimize the ingress of oil-containing fluids into the soil and increase the level of environmental safety of oil and gas development processes.

Information support of Stebnyk geopark design

Sustainable development of the Stebnyk Mining Industrial Area (MIA) is fully consistent with the goal of the National Program for the Development of the Mineral Resources of Ukraine until 2030. It is the ensuring the urgent needs for mineral resources without the risk of depriving future generations of their needs (On Approval of the National Program…, 2011). The triune concept of sustainable development is based on the economic, environmental and social components. For practical implementation of the sustainable development strategy of Stebnyk MIA, it is expedient to design, create and operate the Stebnyk natural and man-made geopark based on the blighty (Zinko, Shevchuk, 2011; Mokryi et al., 2017) and European (Alexandrowicz., 2006) experience. Expert assessments of the environment indicate the need to use information and analytical technologies in the management, modeling, and design of environmental safety Stebnyk MIA.

Choice of the efficient flow diagram of biological wastewater treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants

The possibility of increasing the efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operation by changing the flow diagram of biological wastewater treatment in aeration tanks at minimum expenses for their reconstruction is shown in the paper on the example of one of the regional centres of Ukraine. The technology of nitri-denitrification of wastewater according to the flow diagram of the two-stage modified Ludzak-Ettinger process is offered for the considered conditions. The distribution of wastewater flows and internal nitrate recycling between the individual stages of this flow diagram has been optimized in order to minimize the residual content of total nitrogen in the treated effluents. Computer dynamic modelling of biochemical processes has proved the high efficiency and reliability of the flow diagram proposed by the authors.

Requirements for the environmental protection officer of the Ukrainian armed forces in view of NATO guidance documents

Military impact on the environment can be defined as two components: 1) impact on the environment in time of daily activities during the training of troops and 2) impact on the environment during the combat operation. In the Armed Forces of Ukraine, to some extent, environmental security measures are implemented only during daily operations in peacetime. As for taking into account the impact of fighting on the environment in time of planning combat operations, this issue is usually not even raised in their preparation. On the other hand, NATO member states understand that military operations can be inherently destructive to human health and the environment. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the educational requirements for commanders, especially for officers who provide environmental protection in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, based on NATO regulations and the experience of Allies. The article considers how environmental issues are integrated into the military operation at each stage: planning, pre-deployment, deployment (execution and force rotation), redeployment, and post-deployment. The main tasks of environmental officers at each stage of the operation are defined. Based on the tasks solved by officers, the requirements for their education are formed, the subjects studied by US environmental officers are considered.

Prospects of cleaning filtrates by aerobic-reagent method on the example of Lviv region

In 2021, the situation with the collecting, processing and disposal of waste in general, solid waste in particular, remains difficult in Ukraine and needs to be solved immediately. Soil contamination, as well as contamination of surface and ground waters by filtration effluents (or filtrates), is one of the most dangerous consequences of non-regulatory disposal of solid household waste.

Features of adsorption processes for wastewater treatment from zinc ions

The results of adsorption properties of complex natural sorbents in relation to the neutralization of zinc ions from wastewater are presented. The adsorption isotherm of Zn2+ ions on complex sorbents (clinoptilolite-shungite) (1:1) according to Langmuir and Freundlich models is constructed, the type of adsorption isotherms according to S. Brunauer classification is established. The value of the maximum sorption capacity of Gmax complex sorbents for Zn2+ ions is calculated. The peculiarities of the sorption process of zinc ions with the formation of a monomolecular layer based on the calculated coefficients of the Langmuir and Freundlich were found. The optimal conditions for the dependence of the degree of absorption of Zn2+ ions by complex sorbents on the duration of the sorption process are determined. The ratio "solid (complex sorbent) - liquid" was determined experimentally.

Assessment of drinking water quality within amalgamated territorial communities

One of the main problems of rural residential areas is to provide the local population with quality drinking water, which is a major factor influencing their health. To solve this problem, it is necessary to implement effective measures not only at the state level but also at the regional and local levels. The main purpose of decentralization of power is to transfer the power and appropriate financial resources to the lowest levels of local self-government, which makes it possible for created amalgamated communities to use these resources to solve the priority issues. However, to determine the ecological state of rural settlements in the subsystem of drinking water quality, it is necessary to assess its quality in the territory where the community is situated. The investigation was carried out in 15 rural settlements of the Teterivka amalgamated community of the amalgamated Zhytomyr district. 36 water samples were selected from the sources of non-centralized water supply. Water quality classes were determined following DSTU (National Standards of Ukraine) 4808:2007 “Sources of Centralized Drinking Water Supply. Hygienic and Environmental Requirements for Water Quality and Selection Rules”. As a result, it has been established that nitrates make the largest contribution to the pollution of drinking water. In 47% of the selected samples, the nitrate content on average exceeded the norm; and in 46.7% of the investigated settlements, water belongs to quality class 4, defined as “mediocre”, “partially potable” of undesirable quality. A critical situation was recorded in the villages of Mykhailivka, Nova Rudnia and Staroshiika, where the nitrate content in all selected samples of the well water exceeded the norm. On average, 61% of the selected water samples did not meet the standard and were below the standard. According to the pH indicator, the quality classes vary from “excellent”, very pure water grading to the class of “good”, pure water of the desired quality to “satisfactory”, slightly contaminated water of acceptable quality. The total iron content exceeded the standard in 5.6% of the selected samples.

Dendroindication of petroleum soil contamination

The main approaches to the detection of soil contamination by petroleum products using bioindication were analyzed. Necrosis of leaves of woody plants near sludge accumulators was recorded. To assess the possibility of dendroindication of soil contamination, 3 species of trees distributed on the territory of Bytkiv-Babchensky oil and gas field were selected. According to the results of the Fisher-Snedekor test, the influence of the concentration of oil products in the soil on the necrosis of tree leaves was confirmed, which confirms the possibility of using a dentroindication to detect soil contamination with oil products.

Effect of Lemna minor population density on bioelectric parameters of electro-biosystems.

The article presents a study of the influence of Lemna minor population density on the bioelectric potential and current of model electro-biosystems in the laboratory сonditions using 500 and 1000 Ω resistors and in the open circuit. The positive effect of increasing the density of duckweed plants populations from 60 to 120 fronds/ml on the growth of bioelectric parameters of model electro-biosystems under load conditions and without resistors was revealed. Increasing the amount of duckweed biomass is a factor of enhancing the efficiency of electro-biosystems based on L. minor.

Irrigative assessment of Sasyk water quality

The article is dedicated to the problem of artificial Lake Sasyk which was transformed from a salty water estuary into a freshwater reservoir at the expense of the Danube waters. In the first decades, the irrigative water conditions were not achieved due to the arrival of salts from the bottom sediments. Currently, the water quality formation process in Lake Sasyk has stabilized, but the problem of land irrigation remains urgent. The article gives an irrigation assessment of the quality of the Sasyk reservoir according to various methods considering observations in the HPS-2 region from 2007 to 2017. A detailed typification of irrigation waters based on Alekin O. A. water typing is proposed. It was found that mineralization and the content of sodium and magnesium ions in the Sasyk waters promote salinization and alkalinization of soils. For the safe use of this water for irrigation, both chemical reclamation and dilution with water are necessary.