scholarly journals Yield Response of Sunflower to Sowing Dates and NPK Rates under Zero Tillage in Wet Soil of Southwestern Coastal Bangladesh

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Bidhan Chandro Sarker ◽  
Md. Enamul Kabir ◽  
Md. Yasin Ali ◽  
Richard W. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Effect On Yield

The low cropping intensity in the southwestern coastal Bangladesh is constrained by excess wetness of soil, low fertility and scarcity of fresh irrigation water. Fallow-fallow-T. aman is the main cropping pattern in this region. In the recent years some winter (dry season) crops (wheat, sunflower, maize etc.) have been introduced. Among them sunflower is best suited as it can be established in wet soil and also having the capacity to tolerate salinity and drought to some extent. The fertility of soil of this area is low particularly nitrogen (N). There is no fertilizer recommendation for sunflower in this area. Thus it is necessary to develop a fertilizer recommendation for sunflower. To develop this, a set of field experiments were carried out during winter season (2018–19). In these experiments, the major nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)] were varied in early (by November) and late (end of December) sown (dibbled) sunflower. Results showed that early sown sunflower produced higher seed yield with lower amount of N than that of late one. In case of P, unlike N, yield increase was not at par with the increase of P rates indicated residual P that applied to previous rice crop supported the sunflower. Potassium rates have little effect on yield increase. Based on the average yield (~3.5 t/ha) of the variety (Hysun-33) N, P and K @ 120–150, 40–50 kg/ha and 50–60 kg/ha was produced highest yield in early sown sunflower in excessively wet soil of southwestern coastal Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Rate and Application Ratio on Late Sown Sunflower in Wet Soil under Zero Tillage in the Coastal Zone of Southwestern Bangladesh

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidhan Chandro Sarker ◽  
Md. Yasin Ali ◽  
Richard W. Bell ◽  
Md. Enamul Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
N Rates

Background: The cropping pattern of southwestern (SW) coastal Bangladesh has been improving from Fallow-Fallow-Transplanted aman paddy to Sunflower-Fallow-Transplanted aman paddy. The emerging cropping pattern of SW Bangladesh from single transplanted aman paddy to double cropping, sunflower in winter after transplanted aman paddy needs new crop husbandry including nutrient management particularly nitrogen (N). Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the yield response of late sown sunflower to rates and application ratio (basal:top dressed) of N in the coastal soil of SW Bangladesh. Methods: The field experiment was conducted during winter season (2018-19) in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. The experimental treatments consisted of seven N rates (0, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 kg ha-1) and three application ratio (50%:50%, 25%:75% and 0%:100%). Result: Results revealed that with the increased of N rates, dry matter, seed yield, yield attributes and net income were substantially increased: the highest values of these parameters were found at 150 and 180 kg N ha-1 when applied @ ratio of 25%:75% (basal: top dressed) despite non-significant interaction while the agronomic efficiency was higher at 60 kg ha-1 next decreased. The findings of the study suggested that N @ 150 kg ha-1 with 25%:75% application ratio is suitable for late sown sunflower in the coastal soil of SW Bangladesh.

Establishment theoretical of recommendation fertilization guide of vegetable crops in Algeria: concept and validation

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 606-620
Author(s):  
Mahtali Sbih ◽  
Zoubeir BENSID ◽  
Zohra BOUNOUARA ◽  
Fouad DJAIZ ◽  
Youcef FERRAG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Continuous Models ◽  
Poor Soil

The goal of fertilization is to meet the nutritional needs of plants by completing the supply of soil nutrients in an economically profitable and environmentally friendly. Achieving on-farm optimum economic crop yields of marketable quality with minimum adverse environmental impact requires close attention to fertilization guide. The recommendations seek to do this by ensuring that the available supply of plant nutrients in soil is judiciously supplemented by additions of nutrients in fertilizers. The objective is that crops must have an adequate supply of nutrients, and many crops show large and very profitable increases in yield from the correct use of fertilizers to supply nutrients. The main objective of this work is to establishing a reference guide of fertilization of vegetable crops and cereal in Algeria. To meet this objective, we have processes in two steps: 1) Establishment of theoretical fertilizer recommendation from international guide of crop fertilization; 2) Validation of these developed theoretical fertilizer recommendation by trials in the fields. Sixteen fertilization guides of vegetable crops from the Canadian provinces (5 guides), USA (10 guides) and countries of northern Europe England (1 guide). Generally, the rating of these recommendation is ranging from poor soil to soil exceedingly rich; however, the numbers of fertility classes are very different. Indeed, Quebec Ontario, Minnesota, Wisconsin New England, Maryland and Kentucky and Florida guides are subdivided into 5 fertility classes, ranging from poor soil to soil exceedingly rich. The recommendation of New Brunswick and Manitoba contain six classes. The recommendation of Michigan, Nova Scotia and England contain 10 and 7 fertility classes respectively. The recommendation fertilizer of New York and New Jersey have 3classes. Unlike the systems of fertilization recommendation mentioned above, the recommendation fertilizer of Pennsylvania is based on continuous models of P, K and contains 34 classes for P and 22 classes K. Then we standardized the P soil analysis with conversion equations (Olsen method) and units of measurement (kg/ha, mg/kg…).Following this procedure we transformed discontinued systems of fertility classes in to continuous models to facilitate comparison between the different fertilization recommendation models in one hand, in other hand to obtain critical value (CV).Finally, we used statistics of the conditional expectation in order to generate the theoretical recommendation fertilization guide of fertilization with 7 fertility classes (VL, L, M, MH, OP, H and VH). The next step was calibrating soil tests against yield responses to applied nutrient in field experiments. A database (not published data) from agriculture and agri-food Canada, were used. Production of pumpkin responded positively and significantly to P or K soil fertility levels, increases being observed with P more often than with K. According to the Cate-Nelson methods, the critical value of Olsen-P in the top 20 cm of soil was about 25 mg/kg: at values of greater than or equal to 25 mg/kg, crops achieved about 80% of their maximal yield in the absence of fertilizer application. The CV of K in soil for this crop was about 140 mg/kg. The CV found was very close to this generated by the theoretical method for recommendation of fertilization guide. Finally, we used the procedure of Cope and Rouse in both sides of the CV in order to make subdivisions of different groups of soil fertility. One calibrates the soil-test value against yield response to tile nutrient to predict fertilizer requirement.

IMPROVING LOCAL CULTIVATION OF SOYBEAN IN INDONESIA THROUGH FARMERS' EXPERIMENTS

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. VAN DEN BERG ◽  
A. S. LESTARI
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Experimental Skills

The results of 86 replicated experiments on soybean (Glycine max) cultivation practices in eight provinces – planned, conducted and analysed by farmers – were examined to identify local differences in the effects of cultural practices on yield, and to explore the potential for farmers to improve their practices. Plant spacing consistently improved yield relative to broadcast seeding. The comparison between a moderate and a high dose of N, and between local spraying practices and integrated pest management, also had a relatively consistent effect on yield. Conversely, the effects of straw mulch, of moderate doses of N compared to zero N, and of weeding, were highly location-specific. A change in cultural practices influenced yield and economic benefits more strongly in low- than in high-yield situations. Modifications of current cultivation practices often resulted in a significant yield increase. This suggests that farmers need training in how to improve their cultural practices and that it should utilize locally conducted field experiments. Training in experimental skills made farmers less dependent on external measures and advisers, and enabled them to become ‘experts’ who utilize science.

scholarly journals Multiple Mid-Atlantic Field Experiments Show No Economic Benefit to Fungicide Application When Fungal Disease Is Absent in Winter Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Weisz ◽  
Christina Cowger ◽  
Gaylon Ambrose ◽  
Andrew Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Delayed Senescence ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Fungicide Application

Strobilurin fungicides produce intensified greening and delayed senescence in plants, and have been claimed to enhance yields of field crops in the absence of disease. To help evaluate this claim, available publicly sponsored tests of fungicides on soft red winter wheat in Virginia and North Carolina (n = 42) were analyzed for the period 1994 to 2010. All tests were replicated and had a randomized complete block, split-plot, or split-block design. Each test included 1 to 32 cultivars and one to five fungicides (two strobilurins, one triazole, and two strobilurin-triazole mixtures). There was a total of 311 test–cultivar–fungicide treatment comparisons, where a comparison was the reported yield difference between sprayed and unsprayed treatments of a given cultivar in a given test. Parameters used to calculate the economic benefit or loss associated with fungicide application included a grain price range of $73.49 to 257.21 Mg–1 ($2 to 7 bu–1), a total fungicide application cost of $24.71 to 74.13 ha–1 ($10 to 30 acre–1), and a 0.14 to 0.21 Mg ha–1 (2.3 to 3.4 bu acre–1) loss in yield from driving over wheat during application (with a sprayer 27.4 or 18.3 m [90 or 60 feet] wide, respectively). The yield increase needed to pay for a fungicide application at each combination of cost and price was calculated, and the cumulative probability function for the fungicide yield-response data was modeled. The model was used to predict the probability of achieving a break-even yield, and the probabilities were graphed against each cost–price combination. Tests were categorized as “no-disease” or “diseased” based on reports of the researchers rating the tests. Subsets of the data were analyzed to assess the profitability of the triazole fungicide and the strobilurin-containing fungicides separately in no-disease versus diseased experiments. From the results, it was concluded that, with routine fungicide application based solely on wheat growth stage, total fungicide application costs had to be <$24.71 ha–1 ($10 acre–1) in order to average a ≥50% probability of breaking even or making a profit (compared with not spraying). By contrast, if fungicides were applied when fungal disease was present, total application costs of ≤$47 ha–1 ($19 acre–1) for strobilurins and ≤$72 ha–1 ($29 acre–1) for propiconazole alone were associated with a ≥50% probability of breaking even or making a profit at a wheat price of $184 Mg–1. The results do not support the application of strobilurin or triazole fungicides to mid-Atlantic wheat crops for “plant health” in the absence of disease. Rather, they support basing the decision to apply fungicide on observation of disease, if an economic return for the input is desired.

scholarly journals A Sustainable Way of Fertilizer Recommendation Based on Yield Response and Agronomic Efficiency for Chinese Cabbage

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan ◽  
Zheng ◽  
Sun ◽  
Wang ◽  
Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Indigenous Nutrient Supply

Chemical fertilizer plays an irreplaceable role in raising vegetable output and improving the livelihood of people in China. Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) is one of the most common vegetables with a wide planting area. However, there are problems such as the excessive and blind application of chemical fertilizers, which bring about the increase of planting cost and the risk of environmental pollution. So, it is urgent to improve fertilization methods and improve fertilizer use efficiency, aiming to promote the sustainable development of agriculture. In this study, multi-year and multi-site experiments were retrieved from the published literature and public scientific research institutions to study a sustainable fertilizer recommendation method for Chinese cabbage based on yield response and agronomic efficiency. The results showed that the average indigenous nutrients supply of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were 112.98, 35.03, and 213.15 kg/ha, respectively. It is suggested that these nutrients should not be neglected in the process of fertilizer recommendation. The average yield responses to N, P2O5, and K2O were 26.6, 13.9, and 16.6 t/ha, the relative yields were 0.70, 0.84, and 0.84; also, it was concluded that the agronomic efficiencies were 114.3, 108.5, and 89.4 kg/kg on average, respectively. From these datasets, the theoretical basis of recommended fertilization was established. It was found that there was a significant negative correlation between N, P, and K indigenous nutrient supply and the yield response to N, P2O5, and K2O, and a significant negative linear correlation between yield response and the relative yield of N, P2O5, and K2O. There was also a significant one-dimensional quadratic function relationship between yield response and agronomic efficiency in Chinese cabbage. Then, two years of field experiments for Chinese cabbage were conducted to verify the fertilizer recommendation. It was concluded that fertilizer recommendation for Chinese cabbage based on yield response and agronomic efficiency was a sustainable way for farmland utilization, not only economically and suitably satisfying its application on fields of different sizes, but also taking into account the indigenous nutrient supply and the interaction between N, P, and K, having shown the advantages of high efficiency, especially when the conditions such as soil testing and plant diagnosis were not sufficient.

scholarly journals Efecto del calcio y azufre en el sistema de maíz-frijol en ladera ante un nivel de nitrógeno y fósforo en El Salvador 1989

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
José Heriberto Sosa M. ◽  
Víctor M. Mendoza O. ◽  
Edgar Noel Ascencio ◽  
Ana Gertrudis Alvarado ◽  
Sonia Bonilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Common System

Two field experiments were established in 1988 at Opico Quezaltepeque, El Salvador, on volcanic-ash derived soils to evaluate maize and bean grain yield response to applied sulfur, calcium and potasium. Also under evaluation was the effect of burning crop residues (common practice in this area) compared to zero tillage. The common system employed in this region is a maize-bean relay whereby the maize is planted in May and the beans in August. Four cycles of data were obtained at both locations (2 Maize, 2 beans). The treatments consisted of various combinations of ammonium sulfate and urea with and without sulfur, calcium and potasium. Grain yields were higher when ammonium sulfate (100 kg N/ha) was joint band applied with formula (16-20-0, 30 kg P2O5 ha) under zero tillage. When this same treatment was evaluated when residues were burned, grain yields were significantly lower. When comparing ammonium sulfate snd urea jointly applied with phosphorus a possible response to sulfur was noted on these soils. Aplications of potasium did not increase grain yields of either maize or beans. When dolomitic limestone was applied at arate of 3 tons/ha, no significant differences were found in maize grain yields, however, a significant bean yield increase was found the second year compared with the no lime treatment.

Low effectiveness of Duchess rock phosphate on pastures in northern Queensland

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Gilbert ◽  
KA Shaw ◽  
JD Armour ◽  
JK Teitzel ◽  
J Standley
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
P Sorption Capacity ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
P Sources

Rock phosphate from Duchess, northeastern Australia, and superphosphate were compared as phosphorus (P) sources for pasture in glasshouse and field experiments in northern Queensland. Duchess rock phosphate was an inferior source of P for pastures, compared with superphosphate. The yield response to rock phosphate, however, varied between soils. On strongly acidic soils with high P sorption capacity, rock phosphate increased yield and bicarbonate-extractable P in the soil. On near neutral soils of low P sorption capacity, rock phosphate had little effect on yield. When the rate of rock phosphate was expressed as citrate-soluble P, its performance improved relative to superphosphate. Rates of coarse Duchess rock phosphate need to be at least 10 times those of superphosphate to produce a similar effect on pasture growth. In a glasshouse experiment, the fine rock phosphate was 1.6 times more effective than the coarse material.

scholarly journals YIELD RESPONSE OF `SUNRISE' PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA) TO KINETIN AND FOLCYSTEINE APPLICATIONS

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 760e-760
Author(s):  
Jose Pablo Morales-Payan
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Significant Yield

Field experiments were conducted in the Dominican Republic to determine the effects of different rates of the biostimulants folcysteine and kinetin on fruit yield of `Sunrise' papaya. Aqueous solutions of either 50, 70, 90, 110, or 130 ppm. Four applications were made at 3-week intervals. Fruit number, size, and weight were recorded weekly during 15 weeks after application. Yields for the control and kinetin-treated plants were not significantly different. Significant yield increase was found in plants treated with 70 and 90 ppm of folcysteine solution. Fruit yield in plants treated with 30, 50, 110, or 130 ppm of folcysteine did not differ significantly from that of the control. These results indicate that folcysteine treatment at 70 and 90 ppm at flowering can significantly increase fruit yield in `Sunrise' papaya.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Triazole-Based Fungicides on Wheat Yield and Test Weight as Influenced by Fusarium Head Blight Intensity

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Paul ◽  
M. P. McMullen ◽  
D. E. Hershman ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Multivariate random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on 12 years of data from 14 U.S. states to determine the mean yield and test-weight responses of wheat to treatment with propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, and prothioconazole+tebuconazole. All fungicides led to a significant increase in mean yield and test weight relative to the check (D; P < 0.001). Metconazole resulted in the highest overall yield increase, with a D of 450 kg/ha, followed by prothioconazole+tebuconazole (444.5 kg/ha), prothioconazole (419.1 kg/ha), tebuconazole (272.6 kg/ha), and propiconazole (199.6 kg/ha). Metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole also resulted in the highest increases in test weight, with D values of 17.4 to 19.4 kg/m3, respectively. On a relative scale, the best three fungicides resulted in an overall 13.8 to 15.0% increase in yield but only a 2.5 to 2.8% increase in test weight. Except for prothioconazole+tebuconazole, wheat type significantly affected the yield response to treatment; depending on the fungicide, D was 110.0 to 163.7 kg/ha higher in spring than in soft-red winter wheat. Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease index (field or plot-level severity) in the untreated check plots, a measure of the risk of disease development in a study, had a significant effect on the yield response to treatment, in that D increased with increasing FHB index. The probability was estimated that fungicide treatment in a randomly selected study will result in a positive yield increase (p+) and increases of at least 250 and 500 kg/ha (p250 and p500, respectively). For the three most effective fungicide treatments (metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole) at the higher selected FHB index, p+ was very large (e.g., ≥0.99 for both wheat types) but p500 was considerably lower (e.g., 0.78 to 0.92 for spring and 0.54 to 0.68 for soft-red winter wheat); at the lower FHB index, p500 for the same three fungicides was 0.34 to 0.36 for spring and only 0.09 to 0.23 for soft-red winter wheat.

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