scholarly journals Bacteriophage Biocontrol of Acidovorax citrulli, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Fruit Blotch

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Aryan Rahimi-Midani ◽  
Tae-Jin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Bacterial Fruit Blotch ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Acidovorax Citrulli ◽  
Group I ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs

Bacterial fruit blotch caused by Acidovorax citrulli is known to be the major threat to cucurbit crop production worldwide. The pathogen can penetrate into seed coat and cause disease symptoms at any stage of plant growth, which results in fruit loss. Two main genotypes (genotype I and II) are reported in A. citrulli, in which genotype II is the main cause of Bacterial Fruit Blotch (BFB) in watermelon and group I is known to be a causal agent of BFB in melon. To date, there are no commercially available cultivars resistant to BFB, and available strategies are not able to completely manage the disease. In this study, we aim to isolate bacteriophages to control BFB. Samples collected from watermelon, melon, and pumpkin were used to isolate bacteriophages. All isolated bacteriophages were tested against 42 strains of A. citrulli, among which two phages with the ability to lyse a greater number of hosts were selected and characterized. Bacteriophage ACP17 from the Myoviridae family, with a head size of 100 ± 5 nm and tail of 150 ± 5 nm, infected 29 strains of A. citrulli mostly belonging to genotype group I, whereas the second isolated bacteriophage, ACPWH from Siphoviridae, with a head size of 60 ± 5 nm and tail of 180 ± 5 nm, infected 39 A. citrulli strains. Genome analysis of both bacteriophages using Next generation Sequencing (NGS) showed that ACP17 and ACPWH have double-stranded DNA with sizes of 156,972 kb and 424,299 kb, respectively. Watermelon seeds coated with ACPWH showed a germination rate of up to 90% in the presence of A. citrulli in contrast to untreated seed, which showed no germination or germinated juveniles with BFB symptoms in the presence of A. citrulli. The results of this study show that the use of bacteriophages of A. citrulli represents a potential biocontrol method for controlling BFB.

scholarly journals Insights from the Genome Sequence of Acidovorax citrulli M6, a Group I Strain of the Causal Agent of Bacterial Fruit Blotch of Cucurbits

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Eckshtain-Levi ◽  
Dafna Shkedy ◽  
Michael Gershovits ◽  
Gustavo M. Da Silva ◽  
Dafna Tamir-Ariel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Bacterial Fruit Blotch ◽  
Acidovorax Citrulli ◽  
Group I

scholarly journals First Report of Acidovorax citrulli, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Fruit Blotch, on Melon (Cucumis melo) in Guadeloupe (France)

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cunty ◽  
C. Audusseau ◽  
S. Paillard ◽  
V. Olivier ◽  
C. François ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
First Report ◽  
Bacterial Fruit Blotch ◽  
Acidovorax Citrulli

Advances in detection of Acidovorax citrulli, the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Feng ◽  
J.Q. Li ◽  
R.R. Walcott ◽  
G.M. Zhang ◽  
L.X. Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Agent ◽  
Bacterial Fruit Blotch ◽  
Acidovorax Citrulli

scholarly journals Further Evidence of Cucurbit Host Specificity among Acidovorax citrulli Groups Based on a Detached Melon Fruit Pathogenicity Assay

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (11) ◽  
pp. 1305-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichun Yan ◽  
Baishi Hu ◽  
Gong Chen ◽  
Mei Zhao ◽  
Ron R. Walcott
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Acidovorax Citrulli ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Melon Fruit ◽  
Fruit Rind

Bacterial fruit blotch, caused by the gram-negative bacterium Acidovorax citrulli, is a serious economic threat to cucurbit crop production worldwide. A. citrulli strains can be divided into two genetically distinct groups, with group I strains infecting a range of cucurbit species and group II strains being predominantly associated with watermelon. Group I and II A. citrulli strains differ in their arsenal of type III secreted (T3S) effector proteins and we hypothesize that these effectors are critical for cucurbit host preference. However, the pathogenicity or virulence assays used for A. citrulli, including infiltration of seedling cotyledons and mature fruit rind tissues with cell suspensions and spray inoculation of seedlings, lack the sensitivity to consistently distinguish strains of the two groups. Here, we describe an immature, detached melon fruit assay based on ‘Joaquin Gold’ melon (Syngenta, Rogers Brand) that clearly indicates differences in host specificity between group I and II A. citrulli strains. Using this assay, four group I strains (M6, AAC213-52, AAC213-55, and XJL12) induced typical water-soaked lesions in melon fruit rind tissue 7 to 10 days after pinprick inoculation. In contrast, four group II strains (AAC00-1, AAC213-44, AAC213-47, and AAC213-48) did not induce water-soaked lesions on detached melon fruit rinds during the same period. These data suggest that group I A. citrulli strains have a specific capacity to infect immature Joaquin Gold melon fruit, whereas group II strains do not. Interestingly, this differential pathogenicity phenotype was not observed on foliar seedling tissues of the same melon cultivar, suggesting that host preference of A. citrulli strains is specific to immature fruit tissues. Using the immature melon fruit inoculation assay, a T3S system mutant of the group I A. citrulli strain, M6 (M6ΔhrcV), failed to induce water soaking. This indicates that T3S effectors are involved in A. citrulli cucurbit host preference, and that this assay is suitable for future studies of unique T3S effectors that distinguish group I and II strains.

scholarly journals Nicotiana species as surrogate host for studying the pathogenicity of Acidovorax citrulli , the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 800-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sy M. Traore ◽  
Noam Eckshtain‐Levi ◽  
Jiamin Miao ◽  
Anita Castro Sparks ◽  
Zhibo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Agent ◽  
Nicotiana Species ◽  
Bacterial Fruit Blotch ◽  
Acidovorax Citrulli ◽  
Surrogate Host

scholarly journals Transport of Phage in Melon Plants and Inhibition of Progression of Bacterial Fruit Blotch

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryan Rahimi-Midani ◽  
Tae-Jin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Fruit Blotch ◽  
Acidovorax Citrulli ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Foliar Tissue ◽  
Important Disease

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) is an economically important disease in melons and watermelons for which no effective control method is available. Application of phytobacterium-infecting phage has been evaluated as an alternative means of preventing bacterial diseases in plants. Coating of seeds with bacteriophages infecting Acidovorax citrulli, the causal agent of BFB, is effective for controlling the disease, as shown in our previous study. We evaluated the transport of bacteriophage ACPWH from soil to the leaves of melon plants, and we also evaluated its effect on BFB. Leaves of melon plants were spray-inoculated with A. citrulli, and bacteriophage ACPWH was added to soil after symptoms had developed. ACPWH was detected by PCR in foliar tissue 8 h after addition to soil. DAPI-stained ACPWH accumulated at the leaf tip after 24 h. Melon treated with ACPWH showed 27% disease severity, compared to 80% for the non-treated control, indicating that ACPWH can be used to control BFB.

scholarly journals Development of Nested-PCR Assay to Detect Acidovorax citrulli, a Causal Agent of Bacterial Fruit Blotch at Cucurbitaceae

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Tak Kim ◽  
Kyoung-Soo Park ◽  
Hye-Seong Kim ◽  
Hyok-In Lee ◽  
Jae-Soon Cha
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Bacterial Fruit Blotch ◽  
Acidovorax Citrulli

scholarly journals Etiology, diagnostic approaches and management strategies of Acidovorax citrulli, a bacterial fruit blotch pathogen of cucurbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Ainur Ainiah Azman Husni ◽  
Siti Izera Ismail ◽  
Noraini Jaafar ◽  
Dzarifah Zulperi
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Bacterial Fruit Blotch ◽  
Acidovorax Citrulli ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
The Impact

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) caused by Acidovorax citrulli, represents one of the most destructing diseases of cucurbits, especially to watermelon- and melon producing-regions. This disease has been spread sporadically to many countries globally, due to the unintentionally dispersal of contaminated commercial seeds. The BFB causes massive yield losses up to 100% under conducive conditions. Once infected, all parts of the host plants are extremely susceptible to this bacterium, especially the seedlings and fruits parts. In recent years, various management approaches and detection tools have been employed to control A. citrulli. Genotypic characterization methods revealed two distinct groups of A. citrulli strains; (i) group I strains primarily isolated from non-watermelon cucurbits and consist of moderate to highly aggressive strains from wide range of cucurbit hosts, and (ii) group II strains isolated from watermelon which are highly aggressive on watermelon, but mildly aggressive on non-watermelon hosts. In this paper, an attempt has been made to review research findings where the impact of diverse methods and management approaches were applied in detection and controlling of A. citrulli infection. A better understanding of this devastating bacterium will serve as guidelines for agricultural practitioners in developing the most efficient and sustainable BFB control strategies.

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