The Catalytic Role of D-block Elements and Their Compounds for Improving Sorption Kinetics of Hydride Materials: A Review

The goal of finding efficient and safe hydrogen storage material motivated researchers to develop several materials to fulfil the demand of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). In the past few years, several metal hydrides, complex hydrides such as borohydrides and alanates, have been researched and found efficient due to their high gravimetric and volumetric density. However, the development of these materials is still limited by their high thermodynamic stability and sluggish kinetics. One of the methods to improve the kinetics is to use catalysts. Among the known catalysts for this purpose, transition metals and their compounds are known as the leading contender. The present article reviews the d-block transition metals including Ni, Co, V, Ti, Fe and Nb as catalysts to boost up the kinetics of several hydride systems. Various binary and ternary metal oxides, halides and their combinations, porous structured hybrid designs and metal-based Mxenes have been discussed as catalysts to enhance the de/rehydrogenation kinetics and cycling performance of hydrogen storage systems.

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Catalytic Tuning of Sorption Kinetics of Lightweight Hydrides: A Review of the Materials and Mechanism

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal8120651 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 651 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ankur Jain ◽

Shivani Agarwal ◽

Takayuki Ichikawa

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Activation Barrier ◽

Sorption Kinetics ◽

Kinetic Properties ◽

Intermediate Step ◽

Hydrogen Storage Materials ◽

Storage Materials ◽

Complex Hydrides ◽

The Us ◽

Kinetics Of

Hydrogen storage materials have been a subject of intensive research during the last 4 decades. Several developments have been achieved in regard of finding suitable materials as per the US-DOE targets. While the lightweight metal hydrides and complex hydrides meet the targeted hydrogen capacity, these possess difficulties of hard thermodynamics and sluggish kinetics of hydrogen sorption. A number of methods have been explored to tune the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of these materials. The thermodynamic constraints could be resolved using an intermediate step of alloying or by making reactive composites with other hydrogen storage materials, whereas the sluggish kinetics could be improved using several approaches such as downsizing and the use of catalysts. The catalyst addition reduces the activation barrier and enhances the sorption rate of hydrogen absorption/desorption. In this review, the catalytic modifications of lightweight hydrogen storage materials are reported and the mechanism towards the improvement is discussed.

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Structural analysis of calcium reactive hydride composite for solid state hydrogen storage

Journal of Applied Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s1600576713031567 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 67-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Fahim Karimi ◽

P. Klaus Pranzas ◽

Armin Hoell ◽

Ulla Vainio ◽

Edmund Welter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Composite System ◽

Structural Investigation ◽

Sorption Kinetics ◽

Hydrogen Storage Material ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Diffusion Paths ◽

X Ray Absorption ◽

Kinetics Of

Owing to a theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of 10.5 wt% H2, Ca(BH4)2+MgH2, the so-called calcium reactive hydride composite (Ca-RHC), has a great potential as a hydrogen storage material. However, its dehydrogenation temperature (∼623 K) is too high for any mobile applications. By addition of 10 mol% of NbF5into Ca(BH4)2+MgH2, a decrease of the dehydrogenation onset temperature by ∼120 K is observed. In order to understand the reasons behind this desorption temperature decrement two sets of samples [Ca(BH4)2+MgH2and Ca(BH4)2+MgH2+0.1NbF5] in different hydrogenation states, were prepared. The structural investigation of the above mentioned sets of samples by means of volumetric measurements, anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is reported here. The XAS results show that after the milling procedure NbB2is formed and remains stable upon further de/rehydrogenation cycling. The results of Nb ASAXS point to nanometric spherical NbB2particles distributed in the hydride matrix, with a mean diameter of ∼10 nm. Results from Ca ASAXS indicate Ca-containing nanostructures in the Ca-RHC+0.1NbF5samples to be ∼50% finer compared to those without additive. Thus, a higher reaction surface area and shorter diffusion paths for the constituents are concluded to be important contributions to the catalytic effect of an NbF5additive on the hydrogen sorption kinetics of the Ca(BH4)2+MgH2composite system.

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Improved hydrogen sorption kinetics of compacted LiNH2–LiH based small hydrogen storage tank by doping with TiF4 and MWCNTs

Journal of Alloys and Compounds ◽

10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 832 ◽

pp. 155026

Author(s):

Chongsutthamani Sitthiwet ◽

Praphatsorn Plerdsranoy ◽

Palmarin Dansirima ◽

Priew Eiamlamai ◽

Oliver Utke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Storage Tank ◽

Sorption Kinetics ◽

Hydrogen Sorption ◽

Kinetics Of

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Enhanced hydrogen storage kinetics of an Mg–Pr–Al composite by in situ formed Pr3Al11 nanoparticles

Dalton Transactions ◽

10.1039/c9dt01214a ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (22) ◽

pp. 7735-7742 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Caiqin Zhou ◽

Can Li ◽

Yongtao Li ◽

Qingan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Catalytic Effect ◽

Sorption Kinetics ◽

Hydrogen Sorption ◽

Hydrogen Storage Kinetics ◽

Al Composite ◽

Kinetics Of

Hydrogen sorption kinetics for Mg–Pr–Al is enhanced by the inhibiting role of Pr3Al11 and catalytic effect of PrH3/PrH2.

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The effect of ball-milling gas environment on the sorption kinetics of MgH2 with/without additives for hydrogen storage

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ◽

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 2976-2980 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

K. Alsabawi ◽

E.MacA. Gray ◽

C.J. Webb

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Ball Milling ◽

Sorption Kinetics ◽

Gas Environment ◽

Kinetics Of

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Practical Sorption Kinetics of TiCl3 Catalyzed NaAlH4

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-884-gg4.4 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 884 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xia Tang ◽

Daniel A Mosher ◽

Donald L Anton

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Storage System ◽

Sorption Kinetics ◽

Promising Candidate ◽

Intermediate Temperature Range ◽

Hydrogen Storage System ◽

High Storage Capacity ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

High Storage ◽

Absorption Of Hydrogen

AbstractSodium alanate has been studied as a promising candidate material for reversible hydrogen storage due to its intermediate temperature range and relatively high storage capacity. Its rates of desorption and absorption of hydrogen have been shown to be enhanced by the addition of Ti in various compounds. To date, the sorption kinetics, especially absorption kinetics, is not well understood. In this study, a practical sorption kinetics model for TiCl3 catalyzed NaAlH4 has been developed to assist in the engineering design and evaluation of a prototype hydrogen storage system.

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Characterization of Hydrogen Sorption Properties and Microstructure of Cast Mg-10wt%Ni Alloys

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.1085 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 638-642 ◽

pp. 1085-1090 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Young Hee Cho ◽

Arne K. Dahle

Keyword(s):

Transition Metals ◽

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Hydrogen Diffusion ◽

Microstructural Analysis ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Interfacial Area ◽

Sorption Kinetics ◽

Sorption Properties ◽

Hydrogen Sorption ◽

Ni Alloys

New Mg-10wt%Ni hydrogen storage alloys were fabricated by casting which is a very simple and cost effective production process. Alloying elements such as Nb and Ti, which have relatively high melting temperatures and very low solubility in solid Mg, were successfully dissolved into the liquid Mg-Ni alloy. The Mg-Mg2Ni alloys contain a well-refined lamellar eutectic microstructure after solidification with a large interfacial area between the Mg and Mg2Ni phases which provides for good hydrogen sorption properties. This is considered to be due to the high diffusivity of hydrogen along the interphase boundaries. Addition of transition metals such as Nb and Ti results in the formation of intermetallic phases with a size about 10-20μm during solidification. Furthermore, Ti was found to be strongly segregated to the eutectic Mg-Mg2Ni interface. In the presence of Nb and Ti, the hydrogen sorption kinetics of the Mg-Mg2Ni alloy is further improved. This suggests that the transition metals act as active catalysts that eases and accelerates the hydrogen diffusion during hydrogenation and dehydrogenation. In this paper, we present the hydrogen storage properties and their relationship to the microstructure of the cast Mg-10wt%Ni alloys. Detailed microstructural analysis was carried out in order to further understand the hydrogen diffusion and storage mechanisms.

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