scholarly journals Religious Heterogamy, Marital Quality, and Paternal Engagement

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Young-Il Kim ◽  
Isaak Swan
Keyword(s):  
Marital Quality ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Marital Happiness ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Relational Distance ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Paternal Engagement

Using data from a nationally representative sample of married fathers of school-aged children, we examined the association between religious heterogamy of parents and fathers’ involvement in children’s lives. We further examined whether that association is mediated by marital quality and father–child religious discord. Results showed that greater religious heterogamy is associated with less interaction and more relational distance between fathers and children. Results also suggested that fathers’ reports of marital happiness play an important role in mediating the association between religious heterogamy and paternal engagement. We concluded that religious fathers are more involved in their children’s lives insofar as their wives are equally religious and they are in happy marriages.

Citizen Approval of Monetary- vs Goods-For-Votes Exchanges

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mollie J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Need For Care ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
Question Wording ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Does citizen approval of vote buying depend on the type of benefit being offered? I answer this question using data from a survey experiment conducted on a nationally representative sample of Nicaraguans in 2017. Nicaraguans report significantly lower approval of money-for votes exchanges compared to goods-for-votes exchanges. Furthermore, reported rates of vote buying are lower in the money condition (4.8%) than in the goods-for-votes condition (7.8%), even though the posttreatment question assessing vote buying experience was identical across conditions. This study echoes other work suggesting the need for care in designing questions about vote buying, as slight changes in question wording that prime participants to think about goods versus monetary exchanges can affect both citizen approval of the behavior and the reported prevalence of vote buying.

Cosmetic-Related Injuries Treated in US Emergency Departments: 2002 to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (14) ◽  
pp. 1493-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Vajda ◽  
Rebecca J. McAdams ◽  
Kristin J. Roberts ◽  
Motao Zhu ◽  
Lara B. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Hair Care ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

A retrospective analysis was conducted by using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for children <5 years who were treated in US emergency departments (EDs) from 2002-2016) for a cosmetic-related injury. An estimated 64 686 (95% confidence interval = 53 037-76 335) children were treated in EDs for cosmetic-related injuries during the 15-year study period. There was no significant change in the rate (slope = 1.1 per 10 000 children per year, P = .95) of injuries over the study period. Injuries were most commonly associated with nail care (28.3%), hair care (27.0%), skin care (25.0%), and fragrance (12.7%) products. Children aged <2 years were most frequently injured (59.3%), and poisoning was the most common diagnosis (86.2%). To our knowledge, this is the first study to use a nationally representative sample to describe the epidemiology of cosmetic-related injuries among children aged <5 years. Unintentional exposure to cosmetics is an important source of injury for young children.

Perceived Housework Equity, Marital Happiness, and Divorce in Dual-Earner Households

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Frisco ◽  
Kristi Williams
Keyword(s):  
Marital Quality ◽  
Household Labor ◽  
Marital Happiness ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Division Of Household Labor ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Division Of Housework ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

This study uses a nationally representative sample of individuals involved in dual-earner marriages to examine the relationship between perceived fairness of housework completion, marital happiness, and divorce. The authors expected to find that perceived inequality in the division of housework causes tension between spouses that leads to decreased marital quality for both men and women. They further speculated that an unfair division of household labor might contribute to a greater likelihood of divorce. Results indicate that perceived inequity in the division of household labor is negatively associated with both husbands[#X2019] and wives[#X2019]reported marital happiness but is positively associated with the odds of divorce among wives only. Little evidence indicates that marital happiness mediates this relationship. The authors propose that unfair perceptions of the division of household labor not only decrease women[#X2019]s marital quality but also lead to role strain that makes them more likely to end unsatisfying marriages.

scholarly journals Relationship Quality Among Cohabiting Versus Married Couples

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1730-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Brown ◽  
Wendy D. Manning ◽  
Krista K. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Diffusion Theory ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Union Type ◽  
The Relationship

Using data from the nationally representative 2010 Married and Cohabiting Couples Survey of different-sex cohabiting and married couples, we compared the relationship quality of today’s cohabitors and marrieds. Consistent with diffusion theory and recent conceptual work on the deinstitutionalization of marriage, we found that the relationship between union type and relationship quality is now bifurcated with direct marrieds reporting the highest relationship quality and cohabitors without marriage plans reporting the lowest marital quality. In the middle were the two largest groups: marrieds who premaritally cohabited and cohabitors with plans to marry. These two groups did not differ in terms of relationship quality. This study adds to the growing literature indicating that the role of cohabitation in the family life course is changing in the contemporary context.

Twin and Sibling Attachment in a Nationally Representative Sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chris Fraley ◽  
Caroline M. Tancredy
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Identical Twins ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attachment Figure ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

The objective of this research was to evaluate the hypothesis that twin relationships are attachments, using data from a nationally representative sample. The results indicated that twin siblings were more likely than nontwin siblings to be attached to their siblings. Moreover, analyses indicated that both attachment theoretical and inclusive fitness perspectives are necessary for explaining these findings. Namely, twins were more likely to be attached than nontwin siblings, as expected from an attachment perspective. But identical twins were more likely than fraternal twins to be attached to one another, as might be expected from an inclusive fitness perspective. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that older people are less likely than younger people to use their sibling as an attachment figure compared to younger people and that married adults are less likely to use their sibling as an attachment figure than nonmarried people.

Procedural Justice, Distributive Justice: How Experiences With Downsizing Condition Their Impact On Organizational Commitment

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody Clay-Warner ◽  
Karen A. Hegtvedt ◽  
Paul Roman
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Work Attitudes ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prior Experiences ◽  
Relative Salience

Previous research demonstrates that both procedural justice and distributive justice are important predictors of work attitudes. This research, however, fails to examine conditions that affect the relative importance of each type of justice. Here we argue that prior experiences with regard to downsizing shape individuals' workplace schemas, which in turn affect the relative salience of each type of justice for organizational commitment. We test hypotheses using data from a nationally representative sample of workers. Only distributive justice predicts organizational commitment among victims of downsizing, while procedural justice is the stronger predictor among survivors of downsizing and unaffected workers. Comparisons across models indicate that procedural justice is a more important predictor of organizational commitment for survivors and unaffected workers than for victims, while distributive justice is more important for victims than for either survivors or unaffected workers. We conclude by discussing the theoretical implications of our findings.

Psychometric Properties of Parent Ratings on the Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits in a Nationally Representative Sample of 5- to 12-Year-Olds

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112096456
Author(s):  
Pevitr S. Bansal ◽  
Dara E. Babinski ◽  
James G. Waxmonsky ◽  
Daniel A. Waschbusch
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Moderating Role

The psychometric properties of the parent-report version of the Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits (ICU) in school-aged children requires further examination. In a nationally representative sample of U.S. children ( N = 1,064, M age = 8.42, 51.7% boys), the current study examined the factor structure, measurement invariance, and the moderating role of parent rated ICU scores on conduct problems. Results supported (a) a two-factor model consisting of a CU factor and a limited prosocial emotions (LPE) factor; (b) an invariant structure of the ICU across child sex, as well as (to a lesser extent) across child age and parent sex; and (c) the moderating role of the LPE factor on the relationship between conduct problems and relevant outcomes (i.e., impairment, need for treatment). Normative data on the parent-report version of the ICU for elementary-aged school children in the United States were also presented. Clinical implications regarding use of the parent-report version of the ICU for school-aged children are discussed.

The Influence of Moral Intuitions on Americans’ Divergent Reactions to Reports of Sexual Assault and Harassment

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110501
Author(s):  
Eric Silver ◽  
Stacy Silver
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Sex Crimes ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Moral Intuitions ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

Drawing on insights from moral psychology, we examine the influence of moral intuitions on Americans’ divergent reactions to reports of sexual assault and harassment. We hypothesize that Americans whose moral intuitions emphasize care and protection of the vulnerable will show a greater willingness to believe reports of sexual assault and harassment, while those whose moral intuitions emphasize social order and cohesion will show greater skepticism toward such reports. Using data from a nationally representative sample of USA adults ( N =1050), we find strong support for both hypotheses. We also find that the influence of moral intuitions on reactions to reports of sexual assault and harassment is partially mediated by respondents’ willingness to attribute responsibility to victims of sex crimes. Our results hold when females and males are examined separately. The study provides compelling evidence that a moral intuitionist approach is useful for understanding Americans’ divergent reactions to reports of sexual assault and harassment.

Family Resilience and Connection Is Associated with Dental Caries in US Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 238008442098225
Author(s):  
J.M. Burgette
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Family Resilience ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Us Children ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The impact of family resilience and connection on children’s oral health has not been well-documented in the published literature. Objectives: This study examined the association between family resilience and connection and the probability of a child having caregiver-reported dental caries using a nationally representative sample. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health was performed on US children ages 6 to 17 y. Family resilience and connection was assessed using a 6-point index and analyzed as a 3-level categorical variable. Caregivers reported whether their child had “decayed teeth or cavities” during the past 12 mo. Logistic regression was performed controlling for child (age, gender, race/ethnicity, insurance, preventive dental use) and family (education and federal poverty level) characteristics. Results: Among the 35,167 children in the sample, 10.4% children had caregiver-reported dental caries. The prevalence of dental caries decreased in a graded fashion with increasing levels of family resilience and connection (12.5%, 10.5%, and 8.8%, respectively; P < 0.001). As compared with children with the lowest level of family resilience and connection, those with the highest level had lower odds of caregiver-reported dental caries after adjusting for child and family covariates (adjusted odds ratio = 0.63; 95% confidence interval = 0.58, 0.69). Conclusion: Using a nationally representative sample, children living in families with higher levels of resilience and connection had a significantly lower odds of caregiver-reported dental caries. Policies and programs that increase family resilience and connection have the potential to decrease dental caries in school-aged children. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This work suggests an association between family resilience/connection and dental caries in school-aged children. Further work is required to determine the degree to which addressing these constructs might impact child dental caries.

Threat Perceptions of Migrants in Britain and Support for Policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stansfield ◽  
Brenna Stone
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Arguments that migrants represent a threat to the Britain are often cast in terms of impact on the economy and a criminal threat to Britain’s streets. We examine the impact of these attitudes on support for policies curtailing the rights of European Union (EU) and non-EU migrants in the United Kingdom separately, as well as their implications for support for punitive criminal sanctions. Using data on a nationally representative sample of Britons, results indicate that perceptions of migrants as a criminal threat have a greater effect on support for curtailing rights of EU migrants, more so than economic threat, suggesting that British citizens invoke deep rooted stereotypes about EU migrants as criminal when choosing their preferences. Criminal threat is also associated with support for more punitive criminal sanctions. Thus, threat narratives, especially narratives of immigrant crime, could be instrumental in public support for policy, but different narratives are associated with EU and non-EU migrants.

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