Teacher-reported emotional and behavioural problems and ethnic background associated with children’s psychosocial care use: a longitudinal population-based study

Approximately, 15% of children in Western countries suffer from emotional and behavioural problems. However, not all children receive the psychosocial care they need, especially children with a non-Western background experience an unmet need for care. This might be because parents of non-Western children report a lower need for care than parents of Western children, unrelated to the actual need. This study examined the association between teacher-reported problems and psychosocial care use, independent of mother-reported problems. Further, the role of ethnic background in this association was investigated. The study sample of 9-year-old children was retrieved from the Generation R Study (N = 3084), a prospective, population-based cohort of children born in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Teacher- and mother-reported problems were measured via questionnaire when the children were 6/7 years old. Psychosocial care use was mother-reported at the research centre when children were 9 years old (8.1%). Hierarchical logistic regressions showed significant positive associations between teacher-reported total, externalising and internalising problems and later psychosocial care use. These associations were independent of mother-reported problems. Children with a non-Western background used less care, but ethnic background did not moderate the association between teacher-reported problems and care use. Our findings suggest that teachers might have an important role, next to parents, in the identification of problems and children’s access to care. This may be particularly important for non-Western children, as they use less psychosocial care than Western children, despite other research showing that they generally display higher levels of problems. Directions for future research and implications are discussed.

Refugia. (Prze)trwanie transgatunkowych wspólnot miejskich /Refugia: The Survival of Urban Transspecies Communities

Refugia: The Survival of Urban Transspecies Communities encourages to us recognize the unexpected relations among species and to speculate about the possibility of their existence and development. It shows the need for care and support for multi-species urban communities by answering questions about the following: Which humans and non-humans may find refuge in the city? Under what conditions and to what extent? Are cities also becoming spaces of refuge for rare, endangered or endangered species and disappearing ecosystems? Can unwanted and underestimated life forms find refuge in the city, and how much compassion and hospitality do we have for them? Is it possible to be safe in the city without a place–home–shelter of one’s own? The book is the result of transdisciplinary research, including knowledge-producing artistic projects, whose research and communication methodology enable us to go beyond specialist circles. The book consists of two parts, the first of which, Refugia: The Transdisciplinary Practice of Curiosity, includes scientific texts focusing on various cases of interspecies relationships created in cities by human and non-human animals, plants, fungi, soil, architecture, etc. The second part of the book includes artistic statements in the form of visual documentation of projects created for the exhibition Refugia: Keep (Out of) These Places. The art presented here makes it possible to construct perspectives different from those generated in the field of humanities or sciences, but remaining in close contact with these fields.

The unbearable lightness of beauty hidden by/in the pandemic

The dramatic and unprecedented impact of the planetary epidemic, on all contexts of life, has caused a painful deprivation of inalienable freedoms, both individual and collective, in addition to strengthening the global crisis in order to health, economic, social, political, cultural, digital, educational, philosophical, anthropological, ethical, aesthetic aspects. The upheaval of everyday life that has invested the current historical juncture, has been accompanied by the need for care that humanity has always manifested. The father of modern surgery, A. Paré (1517-1590) achieves the transition from a war representation, the war on evil, to a rural representation, the cure of evil. The cure replaces the war. And diseases are placed on a new scenario. Mental and operational. Faced with the disorientation of negative emotions, of which fear represents the profound consequence of the pandemic, it is possible to recall the strategies of regulation that are learned in the process of socialization. People can use coping strategies to deal with environmental stresses to events that might be perceived as uncontrollable and, therefore, sources of great stress. The research and education to the value of beauty, which in the Greek logos is concretely expressed in the harmonic manifestation of being, can be a significant and strategic contribution to the understanding, reading, intuition of man’s measure in all things and in all phenomena, even those new ones belonging to a new world.

Perceived Need for Mental Health Care and Associated Factors and Outcomes in Older Adults Consulting in Primary Care

Objective To assess the individual and health system factors and health-related outcomes associated with perceived need for mental health care in older adults consulting in primary care. Method This longitudinal cohort study was conducted among 771 cognitively intact older adults aged ≥65 years recruited in primary care practices in Quebec between 2011 and 2013 and followed 4 years later. Predisposing, enabling and need factors were based on Andersen’s framework on help-seeking behaviors. Health-related outcomes included course of common mental disorders (CMDs), change in quality of life and societal costs. Perceived need for care (PNC) was categorized as no need, met and unmet need. Multinomial regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between study variables and PNC in the overall and the subsample of participants with a CMD at baseline. Results As compared with individuals reporting no need, those with an unmet need were more likely to have cognitive decline and lower continuity of care; while those with a met need were more likely to report decreased health-related quality of life. As compared with individuals with an unmet need, those reporting a met need were more likely to report ≥ 3 physical diseases and an incident and persistent CMD, and less likely to show cognitive decline. In participants with a CMD, individuals reporting a met as compared with no need were more likely to be categorized as receiving minimally adequate care and a persistent CMD. Need for care was not associated with societal costs related to health service use. Conclusions Overall, physicians should focus on individuals with cognitive impairment and lower continuity of care which was associated with unmet mental health need. Improved follow-up in these populations may improve health care needs and outcomes.

Nursing Prioritisation of the Patient Need for Care:Tacit Knowledge of Clinical Decision Making in Nursing

<p><b>Effective nursing prioritisation of the patient need for care is integral to daily nursing practice but there is no formal acknowledgement or study of this concept. Utilising the retroductive research strategy of critical realism, this thesis explores the nursing literature for the tacit knowledge of the discipline about nursing prioritisation and proposes a ‘fit’ for nursing prioritisation of the patient need for care within the bigger picture of nurse clinical decision-making.</b></p> <p>The tacit knowledge discerned within the literature indicates that nurses use discretionary judgment and ongoing assessment to determine the relative importance of the many aspects of individual patient situations as they unfold. Such nursing prioritisation takes place concurrently between the competing or even conflicting needs of the several individual patient presentations within the nurse’s caseload. Varied frames of reference within different practice settings create specific imperatives on this dynamic and non-sequential process.</p> <p>Starting with an initial set of studies in the 1960s, study of clinical decision-making in nursing has created a significant body of knowledge encompassing a range of approaches. Nursing prioritisation of the patient need for care is most readily discerned in the interpretive perspective and in the plain language descriptions of nurse decision-making. Within the selected literature it is apparent that nursing prioritisation of the patient need for care is an advanced skill of nursing that is developed in practice and honed through experiential learning.</p>

Nursing Prioritisation of the Patient Need for Care:Tacit Knowledge of Clinical Decision Making in Nursing

<p><b>Effective nursing prioritisation of the patient need for care is integral to daily nursing practice but there is no formal acknowledgement or study of this concept. Utilising the retroductive research strategy of critical realism, this thesis explores the nursing literature for the tacit knowledge of the discipline about nursing prioritisation and proposes a ‘fit’ for nursing prioritisation of the patient need for care within the bigger picture of nurse clinical decision-making.</b></p> <p>The tacit knowledge discerned within the literature indicates that nurses use discretionary judgment and ongoing assessment to determine the relative importance of the many aspects of individual patient situations as they unfold. Such nursing prioritisation takes place concurrently between the competing or even conflicting needs of the several individual patient presentations within the nurse’s caseload. Varied frames of reference within different practice settings create specific imperatives on this dynamic and non-sequential process.</p> <p>Starting with an initial set of studies in the 1960s, study of clinical decision-making in nursing has created a significant body of knowledge encompassing a range of approaches. Nursing prioritisation of the patient need for care is most readily discerned in the interpretive perspective and in the plain language descriptions of nurse decision-making. Within the selected literature it is apparent that nursing prioritisation of the patient need for care is an advanced skill of nursing that is developed in practice and honed through experiential learning.</p>

You read my mind: fMRI markers of threatening appraisals in people with persistent psychotic experiences

Anomalous perceptual experiences are relatively common in the general population. Evidence indicates that the key to distinguishing individuals with persistent psychotic experiences (PEs) with a need for care from those without is how they appraise their anomalous experiences. Here, we aimed to characterise the neural circuits underlying threatening and non-threatening appraisals in people with and without a need for care for PEs, respectively. A total of 48 participants, consisting of patients with psychosis spectrum disorder (clinical group, n = 16), non-need-for-care participants with PEs (non-clinical group, n = 16), and no-PE healthy control participants (n = 16), underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing the Telepath task, designed to induce an anomalous perceptual experience. Appraisals of the anomalous perceptual experiences were examined, as well as functional brain responses during this window, for significant group differences. We also examined whether activation co-varied with the subjective threat appraisals reported in-task by participants. The clinical group reported elevated subjective threat appraisals compared to both the non-clinical and no-PE control groups, with no differences between the two non-clinical groups. This pattern of results was accompanied by reduced activation in the superior and inferior frontal gyri in the clinical group as compared to the non-clinical and control groups. Precuneus activation scaled with threat appraisals reported in-task. Resilience in the context of persistent anomalous experiences may be explained by intact functioning of fronto-parietal regions, and may correspond to the ability to contextualise and flexibly evaluate psychotic experiences.