scholarly journals The Altar and the Rail: “Catholicity” and African American Inclusion in the 19th Century Episcopal Church

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Jennifer Snow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Episcopal Church ◽  
White Allies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church

Examining the denominational history of The Episcopal Church from the point of view of mission shifts the view of the church’s nature and its most important figures. These become those people who struggled to overcome boundaries of race, culture, and geography in extending the church’s reach and incorporating new people into it, and puts issues of racial relationships at the forefront of the church’s story, rather than as an aside. White Episcopalians from the 1830s forward were focused heavily on the meaning of “catholicity” in terms of liturgical and sacramental practice, clerical privilege, and the centrality of the figure of the Bishop to the validity of the church, in increasingly tense and conflicted debates that have been traced by multiple scholars. However, the development of catholicity as a strategic marker of missional thinking, particularly in the context of a racially diverse church, has not been examined. The paper investigates the ways in which Black Episcopalians and their white allies used the theological ideal of catholicity creatively and strategically in the nineteenth century, both responding to a particular missional history and contending that missional success depended upon true catholicity.

scholarly journals The regulation of midwives in England, c.1500–1902

2020 ◽  
pp. 096853322097617
Author(s):  
Sarah Fox ◽  
Margaret Brazier
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Statutory Authority ◽  
History Of ◽  
Informal Regulation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Statutory Regulation ◽  
The Church ◽  
Subordinate Role

Throughout the 19th century, midwives were depicted as incompetent slatterns in both popular imagery and medical literature. We examine how, between 1500 and 1800, midwifery was regulated by a combination of formal licensing by the Church and informal oversight within the community. We argue that episcopal licensing demanded that midwives demonstrate knowledge and competence in midwifery, not only that they were spiritually fit to baptise dying infants. Although episcopal licensing lacked statutory authority, the symbiosis of formal and informal systems of regulation ensured good midwifery practice and midwives were regarded as experts in all matters relating to childbirth. The Midwives Act 1902 introduced statutory regulation of midwives, restoring their ‘professional status’ if in a subordinate role. We show that the history of the regulation of midwives across four centuries casts light on the interplay between formal and informal regulation and matters of gender and professional status.

Richard W. Bailey, Nineteenth-century English. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996. Pp. viii, 372. Pb $19.95.

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
Edward Finegan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Valuable Property ◽  
Ann Arbor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Treating the least well researched period in the history of English, Richard Bailey's groundbreaking book is an admirable success: wry in its humor, clear in its science, and compelling in its humanity. More than that, it is a sterling achievement of research, a model for all who write about the history of spoken or written English, a benchmark of scope and insight. Bailey's calculations suggest that, in the course of the 19th century, the number of English speakers increased from 26 million to 126 million, helping to make the century the “most transforming” period in the history of English: it was transformed “from merely a language to a valuable property, firmly incorporated into capitalist economies. Far more than at any earlier time, English could be bought and sold. It was even possible to earn one's livelihood by working with it”.

scholarly journals Remarks on the Proportions and Dimensions Used in the Design of the Medieval Church of Zsámbék

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Krisztina Fehér ◽  
Balázs Halmos
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
Design Logic

Since the 19th century, the church of Zsámbék was continuously a focus of scholars' interest. The present paper intends to research the church ruins with a new aspect. Using an accurate terrestrial laser scan survey, the geometry of the plan is analysed in order to find proportions among the dimensions. The main goal of the study is to gather information about the design logic of the first masters of the 13th-century Premonstratensian abbey. In addition, our goal was to detect contributions to the 13th-century construction history of the church, that cannot be found in archives of graphic sources. The latest archaeological excavation achieved excellent results concerning several crucial historical points; however, the periodization of the church is still not entirely clarified. From the 19th century, different scholars have proposed various hypotheses about this topic, without consensus.

scholarly journals An Auspicious Alliance: Pugin, Bloxam, and the Magdalen Commissions

1990 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Leon B. Litvack
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
Gothic Revival ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Roman Catholics ◽  
The Church

This article forms the sequel to "The Balliol that Might Have Been: Pugin's Crushing Oxford Defeat" (JSAH, XLV, 1986, 358-373). That study showed that Augustus W. N. Pugin (1812-1852) was prevented from carrying out his plans for renovating Balliol College, Oxford, because of his somewhat singular views and oppressive nature, combined with the prevailing sentiments against Roman Catholics in the University. The present study surveys the history of the two small commissions that Pugin was granted: the Magdalen College gateway and the Church of St. Lawrence, Tubney (the only Anglican church Pugin ever built). In both cases Pugin was appointed as architect through the benevolence of Dr. John Rouse Bloxam, in appeasement for the failures at Balliol. Pugin executed the designs in secrecy and with extraordinary speed, thereby hoping to avoid criticism or scandal, in an effort to erect a small monument to himself in Oxford, his "city of spires," which he hoped could serve as the model for the 19th-century Gothic revival in England.

scholarly journals Seeing the History of the Earth in the Cliffs at Møn: The Interaction between Landscape Painting and Geology in Denmark in the First Half of the 19th Century

Romantik ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gry Hedin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Landscape Painting ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific Advances ◽  
The Way

During the first part of the nineteenth century, geologists developed a history of the earth so different from that accepted in previous centuries that it encouraged a rethinking of the relationship between man and nature. In this article I will argue that painters followed these changes closely and that some of them let the narratives and images of geology inform the way they depicted nature. In arguing my point, I will focus on images and descriptions of the chalk cliffs on the Danish island of Møn by both geologists and painters. I will follow the scientific advances in geology by referring to the texts and images of Søren Abildgaard, Henrich Steffens, Johan Georg Forchhammer, and Christopher Puggaard, and discuss how their changing theories correspond with paintings of the cliffs by four artists: Christopher Wilhelm Eckersberg, Frederik Sødring, Louis Gurlitt, and Peter Christian Skovgaard.

scholarly journals Archaeological Excursion into Proximal Colony

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Palavestra
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Context ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia-Herzegovina by the end of the 19th century, presided by Benjamin Kallay, the Empire’s Minister of Finance and governor of Bosnia and Herzegovina, strived to gain wider international justification for its years’ long project of “civilizing” Bosnia and Herzegovina, or particular “historizing” of this proximal colony. In the summer of 1894 the Austro-Hungarian government in Bosnia and Herzegovina organized the Congress of Archaeologists and Anthropologists in the Landesmuseum in Sarajevo. The aim of the Congress was to inform archaeologists and anthropologists about the results of archaeological investigations in the country, and to seek their advice in directing further work. The wider ideological, political, as well as theoretical context of this congress, however, was much more complex and layered, with the aim to present the constructed image of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a country of tamed and civilized European Orient of rich past and luxurious folklore. The participants of the Congress discussed the archaeological and anthropological data presented to them by the hosts, including the specially organized excavations at Butmir and Glasinac. It is interesting to analyze, from the point of view of the history of archaeological ideas, the endeavours of the participants to adapt the archaeological finds before them to the wishes of the hosts, and, on the other hand, to their favoured archaeological paradigms dominant at the time.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS IN THE RENEWAL OF THE LANGUAGE OF CHURCH MONUMENTAL PAINTING IN FRANCE AT THE TURN OF THE 20th CENTURY ON THE EXAMPLE OF PAINTINGS BY MAURICE DENIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
Nataliya D. Antropova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Artistic Creativity ◽  
Mural Paintings ◽  
French Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Painting ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
Philosophical Nature

The study analyzes the historical and philosophical origins of the renewal in church monumental art in French culture at the turn of the 20th century. The crisis that broke out in the second half of the 19th century within the philosophical knowledge and classical religion and an attempt to rethink the evolution of Christianity entailed significant changes in artistic creativity devoted to the sacred theme. The author explores the topic based on the church mural paintings of the French painter Maurice Denis, who stood at the origins of the transformation of the language of religious painting and whose role is significant for the further history of European art. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that all previous studies on this topic were primarily art criticisms. They paid special attention to the analysis of the artistic language and pictorial and expressive means. At the same time, questions of historical and philosophical nature and their role in the formation of new European religious painting were analyzed to a much lesser extent.

scholarly journals Female Presences in The Cultural Press of The 19th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Oana-Nicoleta Bartoş-Agavriloaie
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract The nineteenth century was a time of beginnings for the cultural press, marked by the actions of personalities who actively participated in the development of this field, but often the involvement of women is less valued, compared to that of men. Therefore, we consider opportune a study focused on the cultural-journalistic activity of three remarkable ladies: Maria Rosetti, Sofia Nădejde, Cornelia Morţun, who had an important contribution, not only in terms of the topics they covered, but also through their point of view, reformulating the role of women in that era.

scholarly journals Otto von Bismarck and Germany Militarization (Legislative Formalization of the Military Reform in Germany in the 80s of the 19th century)

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
V. G. Baev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Military Reform ◽  
German Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Otto Von Bismarck ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Further Development

The history of Germany of the second half of the 19th century and the activities of Otto von Bismarck form an integral unit, provided we bear in mind the process of Germany becoming a centralized state. The author argues that the attainment of German unity could only be achieved on the paths of war with Austria and France. This implies why military reform in Germany has been given so much attention.This study is focused on the second stage of military reform — the strengthening of the German army after the establishment of a centralized state. The author poses the question: if the “German issue” was resolved, what was the need for further armament? The Bismarck Government in 1874 and 1881 successfully sought from Parliament the adoption of septennat laws (seven years of funding for the army). But in 1887 the Parliament refused to extend the septennat. The author uses Bismarck’s collection of political speeches in the Reichstag as the main source of research. It is an important source of official origin, reflecting the approaches of not only of the subject of Bismarck’s legislative initiative, but also of Germany’s ruling elite.A point of view about Bismarck as vehicle of Germanic militarism prevails in historical literature. As a result of the analysis of the debate on the draft law, the author concludes that Bismarck’s military policy was dictated not so much by the militaristic nature of his personality, but by the necessity of strengthening the military potential of Germany, surrounded by strong adversaries, to defend its sovereignty. For the further development of events, the Chancellor who had been removed from his office, cannot be held responsible. The tragedy of Bismarck-era Germany is expressed in the fact that he failed to prepare a successor capable of leading the country during a period of crisis.

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