Richard W. Bailey, Nineteenth-century English. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996. Pp. viii, 372. Pb $19.95.

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
Edward Finegan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Valuable Property ◽  
Ann Arbor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Treating the least well researched period in the history of English, Richard Bailey's groundbreaking book is an admirable success: wry in its humor, clear in its science, and compelling in its humanity. More than that, it is a sterling achievement of research, a model for all who write about the history of spoken or written English, a benchmark of scope and insight. Bailey's calculations suggest that, in the course of the 19th century, the number of English speakers increased from 26 million to 126 million, helping to make the century the “most transforming” period in the history of English: it was transformed “from merely a language to a valuable property, firmly incorporated into capitalist economies. Far more than at any earlier time, English could be bought and sold. It was even possible to earn one's livelihood by working with it”.

scholarly journals Seeing the History of the Earth in the Cliffs at Møn: The Interaction between Landscape Painting and Geology in Denmark in the First Half of the 19th Century

Romantik ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gry Hedin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Landscape Painting ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific Advances ◽  
The Way

During the first part of the nineteenth century, geologists developed a history of the earth so different from that accepted in previous centuries that it encouraged a rethinking of the relationship between man and nature. In this article I will argue that painters followed these changes closely and that some of them let the narratives and images of geology inform the way they depicted nature. In arguing my point, I will focus on images and descriptions of the chalk cliffs on the Danish island of Møn by both geologists and painters. I will follow the scientific advances in geology by referring to the texts and images of Søren Abildgaard, Henrich Steffens, Johan Georg Forchhammer, and Christopher Puggaard, and discuss how their changing theories correspond with paintings of the cliffs by four artists: Christopher Wilhelm Eckersberg, Frederik Sødring, Louis Gurlitt, and Peter Christian Skovgaard.

scholarly journals Periodization of the history of Ukrainian culture of the nineteenth century: basic models

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Oksana Malanchuk-Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article explores the historiographical developments concerning the periodization of the history of Ukrainian culture of the 19th century. The first model is the periodization of cultural and national revival in 19th century Ukraine. Main periods: academic (the time of collecting cultural and historical heritage); organizational (the time of creation of national cultural and educational organizations); political (the time of creation of parties and other organizations that enable the nation to participate in political processes). The basic idea of this periodization is to show the processes of building of the nation and building of the country in the nineteenth century through the emergence and development of new phenomena in culture. The second model is the Pan-European cultural and historical periodization, which identifies such major periods of the nineteenth-century cultural history like Romanticism and Positivism.

scholarly journals The Altar and the Rail: “Catholicity” and African American Inclusion in the 19th Century Episcopal Church

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Jennifer Snow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Episcopal Church ◽  
White Allies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church

Examining the denominational history of The Episcopal Church from the point of view of mission shifts the view of the church’s nature and its most important figures. These become those people who struggled to overcome boundaries of race, culture, and geography in extending the church’s reach and incorporating new people into it, and puts issues of racial relationships at the forefront of the church’s story, rather than as an aside. White Episcopalians from the 1830s forward were focused heavily on the meaning of “catholicity” in terms of liturgical and sacramental practice, clerical privilege, and the centrality of the figure of the Bishop to the validity of the church, in increasingly tense and conflicted debates that have been traced by multiple scholars. However, the development of catholicity as a strategic marker of missional thinking, particularly in the context of a racially diverse church, has not been examined. The paper investigates the ways in which Black Episcopalians and their white allies used the theological ideal of catholicity creatively and strategically in the nineteenth century, both responding to a particular missional history and contending that missional success depended upon true catholicity.

All scientists now: the Royal Society in the nineteenth century

1990 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-134
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
John Herschel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century

Marie Boas Hall, All scientists now: the Royal Society in the nineteenth century , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. Pp. xii + 261, £25.00. ISBN: 0-521-26746-3. The effort and meticulous scholarship which characterized Hall’s studies of 17th century science and which (together with the work of her husband) transformed the study of the Scientific Revolution and laid the foundations for current studies of this period, have been utilized in this history of the Royal Society in the 19th century. As with her work on Henry Oldenburg and the formative years of the Royal Society in the 17th century, she has found in the 19th century a period of extraordinary interest. The study opens with the Society, unbeknown to itself, only half way through the Presidency of Joseph Banks. The Society’s Fellowship comprised those who were what we would now call scientists (though few professionals) and those who were interested in natural knowledge either intellectually or for practical purposes - there being a very strong contingent of Admiralty and Naval Fellows who were closely connected with Banks’s patronage. When the study ends, in 1899, the Society was composed mainly of professional scientists. The first half of the book shows how this change was wrought by professional scientists consciously striving to exclude those Fellows representing broader cultural interests - thereby depriving the Society of many non-scientists who would, like their predecessors, have been useful Fellows in forging links between the Society and other parts of society. Thus the election of the Duke of Sussex against John Herschel for President in 1830 is well discussed, as is the subsequent reform movement leading up to the change of the Statutes in 1847. The second half of the book is devoted to discussing what the Society did, apart from act as a meeting place for Fellows to learn about each others’ work. This concentrates on the encouragement of science (and of scientific exploration), relations with other learned societies and with the government. It is in these latter two subjects that the chief motors propelling the Society to restrict membership almost entirely to practising scientists are to be found.

scholarly journals The Visual Culture of American Protestantism in the 19th Century

Caminhando ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-165
Author(s):  
David Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Visual Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
American Protestantism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Image Use ◽  
The 19Th Century

The study of Protestant visual culture requires a number of correctives since many scholars and Protestants themselves presume images have played no role in religious practice. This essay begins by identifying misleading assumptions, proposes the importance of a visual culture paradigm for the study of Protestantism, and then traces the history of image use among American Protestants over the course of the nineteenth century. The aim is to show how the traditional association of image and text, tasked to evangelization and education, evolved steadily toward pictorial imagery and sacred portraiture. Eventually, text was all but eliminated in these visual formats, which allowed imagery to focus on the personhood of Jesus, replacing the idea of image as information with image as formation.

THE IDEA OF «COMMUNITY» IN THE GOVERNMENT CONCEPTS OF GALICIA OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Ilyn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the views of social and political thinkers of Galicia in the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. on the right and manner of organizing a nation-state as a cathedral. Method. The methodology includes a set of general scientific, special legal, special historical and philosophical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematic and comprehensive. The problem-chronological approach made it possible to identify the main stages of the evolution of the content of the idea of catholicity in Galicia's legal thought of the 19th century. Results. It is established that the idea of catholicity, which was borrowed from church terminology, during the nineteenth century. acquired clear legal and philosophical features that turned it into an effective principle of achieving state unity and integrity. For the Ukrainian statesmen of the 19th century. the idea of catholicity became fundamental in view of the separation of Ukrainians between the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. The idea of unity of Ukrainians of Galicia and the Dnieper region, formulated for the first time by the members of the Russian Trinity, underwent a long evolution and received theoretical reflection in the work of Bachynsky's «Ukraine irredenta». It is established that catholicity should be understood as a legal principle, according to which decisions are made in dialogue, by consensus, and thus able to satisfy the absolute majority of citizens of the state. For Galician Ukrainians, the principle of unity in the nineteenth century. implemented through the prism of «state» and «international» approaches. Scientific novelty. The main stages of formation and development of the idea of catholicity in the views of social and political figures of Halychyna of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries are highlighted in the work. and highlighting the distinctive features of «national statehood» that they promoted and understood as possible in the process of unification of Ukrainian lands into one state. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

MASJID BESAR RAJA HAJI ABDUL GHANI PULAU BURU KEPULAUAN RIAU

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurman Kholis
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
District Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Buddhists ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Level Government

Abstract. Many Muslims in the Riau Islands do not know the history of the development of Islamic theory from the center of power to spread to various corners. This is as the existence of the Great Mosque of Raja Haji Abdul Ghani (MBRHAG) on Buru Island, Karimun. Thus, to uncover the existence of this mosque, qualitative research methods are used so that history, architecture, and socio-religious functions can be known. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the establishment of MBRHAG was initiated by Raja Haji Abdul Ghani. He was the first Amir (sub-district level government) of the kingdom of Riau-Lingga on Buru Island, in the 19th century. The architecture is a Chinese. Therefore, on the right side of this mosque is around 200 m, there is also the Sam Po Teng Temple and the Tri Dharma Dewa Bumi. Thus, the close location of the mosque with Chinese and Confucian worship houses's shows a harmonious relationship between Malay Muslims and Chinese Buddhists. In fact, in the continuation of this relationship there was information that a Chinese Buddhist had joined a Muslim friend to fast for half a month of Ramadan.Keywords: Mosque, Malay Muslims, Chinese Buddhists/Confucians, Harmonious RelationsAbstrak. Umat Islam di Kepulauan Riau banyak yang tidak mengenal sejarah perkembangan ajaran Islam dari pusat kekuasaan hingga tersebar ke berbagai pelosok. Hal ini sebagaimana keberadaan Masjid Besar Raja Haji Abdul Ghani (MBRHAG) di Pulau Buru, Karimun. Dengan demikian, untuk mengungkapkan keberadaan masjid ini digunakan metode penelitian kualitatif  agar dapat diketahui sejarah, arsitektur, dan fungsi sosial keagamaannya.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pendirian MBRHAG diprakarsai oleh Raja Haji Abdul Ghani. Ia adalah Amir (pemerintah setingkat kecamatan) pertama kerajaan Riau-Lingga di Pulau Buru, pada abad ke-19. Adapun arsitekturnya adalah seorang Tionghoa. Karena itu, di sebelah kanan masjid ini sekitar 200 m juga terdapat Kelenteng Sam Po Teng dan cetya Tri Dharma Dewa Bumi. Dengan demikian, dekatnya lokasi masjid dengan rumah ibadah umat Tionghoa dan Khonghucu ini menunjukkan hubungan yang harmonis antara muslim Melayu dengan Budhis Tionghoa. Bahkan, dalam kelangsungan hubungan ini terdapat informasi seorang Buddhis Tionghoa pernah ikut temannya yang beragama muslim untuk berpuasa selama setengah bulan Ramadhan.Kata Kunci: Masjid, Muslim Melayu, Buddhis/Khonghucu Tionghoa, Hubungan Harmonis

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