scholarly journals Of Winged Women and Stone Tombs: Identity and Agency through Iron Age Lycian Mortuary Architecture

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Stephanie Selover
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Identity And Agency ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Mortuary Architecture ◽  
Political Turmoil

The people collectively named the Lycians in modern scholarship are the best represented of the western Anatolian first millennium BC cultures in terms of philological, historical, and archaeological data. This article seeks to better understand the meanings behind Iron Age Lycian mortuary monuments and religious images, and how they reflect Lycian identity and agency in a time of political turmoil. By studying the Lycian mortuary landscape, tombs and images, we can begin to comprehend Lycian perceptions of the afterlife, religion and cultural identity. In particular, we look to the images of the so-called “Harpies” and “Running Men” to better understand evidence of the afterlife, connections to the past and the creation of their own identity of what it means to be Lycian. The study of Lycian mortuary trends, monumental architecture, and religion gives us a small but tantalizing view into the Lycian understanding of religion and death, and how they wielded their own culture as a tool for survival in a politically fraught world.

scholarly journals The Place Of Karakalpak Ethnoculture In The Integration Of Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 676-688
Author(s):  
Halima Kadirova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Space ◽  
The People

This scientific article highlights the place and role of the Karakalpak ethnic culture in the development and preservation of the identity of the people. The authors analyze the culture and life of the modern Karakalpak family, which inherits to the next generation the traditional way of life associated with national holidays and traditions, dastans performed by Karakalpak bakhshi (singers), legends and legends of the past, told by the older generation. The article argues that social changes in the global space contribute to the emergence of certain changes in the content of cultural identity, language, art, spiritual categories, which are elements of the basis of the national identity of each nation and various ethno-regional units, which further strengthens the study of this issue under the influence of the process of globalization.

scholarly journals Obyek-Obyek Ideofak dari Situs Kota Cina: Refleksi Kehidupan Religi Penghuninya

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Ery Soedewo
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Religious Aspect

AbstractThe variety of aspects of life of the people settling in the Kota Cina in the past is reflected through the archaeological data gathered through a number of observations and people findings. One of the aspects revealed is the religious aspect. The existing diverged ideofac indicates the diversified religius background as well as the people. The Hindus (Siva and VaisnavaI, Buddhists, and Animists coexisted in harmony in the Kota Cina in its heydey as an international port.AbstakRagam aspek kehidupan manusia pendukung peradaban Kota Cina di masa lalu tercermin pada data arkeologis yang dihimpun melalui sejumlah penelitian dan temuan masyarakat. Salah satu aspek yang terungkap adalah kehidupan religinya. Keragaman ideofak yang ada mencerminkan keragaman latar belakang religinya, sekaligus asal pendukung budayanya. Penganut Hindu (Śaiwa dan Waiṣṇawa), Buddha, dan penganut animisme hidup berdampingan di Kota Cina pada masa jayanya dahulu sebagai suatu bandar internasional.

scholarly journals Marine conservation in Oceania: Past, present, and future

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Friedlander
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Contemporary Management ◽  
Customary Practices

The people of Oceania have long relied on the ocean for sustenance, commerce, and cultural identity, which promulgated a sophisticated understanding of the marine environment and its conservation. Global declines in ocean health now require innovative solutions that can benefit from customary knowledge and practices, which in the past led to sustainable marine resource use. The resurgence of local stewardship, which incorporates customary practices and governance, has shown promise in many locations throughout the Pacific, although a complete return to past practices is not fully implementable owing to the loss of traditional knowledge, centralized governmental structures, economic development, and globalization. Hybrid systems that incorporate elements of customary and contemporary management can overcome some of these limitations to implementation of successful local management, and lead to greater food security, social cohesion, and the creation of an adaptive system that can potentially mitigate the effects of climate change and other stressors.

scholarly journals Introduction: Transitions from late prehistory to early historic periods in mainland Southeast Asia, c. early to mid-first millennium CE

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Murphy ◽  
Miriam T. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
World System ◽  
Selective Adaptation ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
External Events

Studies of early Southeast Asia focus largely on its ‘classical states’, when rulers and their entourages from Sukhothai and Ayutthaya (Thailand), Angkor (Cambodia), Bagan (Myanmar), Champa and Dai Viet (Vietnam) clashed, conquered, and intermarried one another over an approximately six-century-long quest for legitimacy and political control. Scholarship on Southeast Asia has long held that such transformations were largely a response to outside intervention and external events, or at least that these occurred in interaction with a broader world system in which Southeast Asians played key roles. As research gathered pace on the prehistory of the region over the past five decades or so, it has become increasingly clear that indigenous Southeast Asian cultures grew in sophistication and complexity over the Iron Age in particular. This has led archaeologists to propose much greater agency in regard to the selective adaptation of incoming Indic beliefs and practices than was previously assumed under early scholarship of the nineteenth and early to mid-twentieth century.

Barbarian Europe and Early Iron Age Greece

1965 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Snodgrass
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Aegean Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is concerned with the nature of the relationship that existed between Central Europe and the Aegean area in the early 1st millennium B.C. Interest in Aegean-continental connections has been strong for a considerable time, but has been intensified, particularly from the continental standpoint, in the past fifteen years. Although some of these studies have been concerned with the contacts between 2nd millennium (Late Bronze Age) Greece and the north, others have examined in detail the evidence for the links between the Urnfield culture and Greece during the 10th, 9th and 8th centuries. For Greece, this is an utterly different period from the preceding one; the evidence for foreign contacts suddenly becomes scarce and that for military disasters is virtually non-existent. Yet some scholars have reached very similar conclusions, involving the transmission of objects and of the people who carried them from Central Europe into Greece, for this period as for the preceding Late Bronze Age. Such arguments have a recent exponent in Professor W. Kimmig, whose paper Seevölkerbewegung und Urnenfelderkultur ranges over the whole period from about 1200 to 700. His list of objects and practices in this period, which he considers to have been donated by the Danube-Balkan peoples to the Mediterranean world, is comprehensive indeed: it would include bronze shields and body armour, the equipment of Goliath, the knobbed ware of Troy VII B, the practice of cremation in the Iron Age, the ritual spoliation of weapons in graves, iron swords, spears, knives, bits, lugged axes, spits, fire-dogs, bronze personal objects generally, clay idols, the maeander pattern and the swans of Apollo.

Politics and power

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Collis ◽  
Raimund Karl
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Power Bases ◽  
Major Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Written Sources

Reconstruction of Iron Age social and political structures relies initially on written sources, but classical texts are both biased in how they describe institutions, especially among other peoples, and patchy in time and space. From the mid-first millennium BC, we get details on how polities such as Athens, Sparta, and Rome functioned, but these are not representative of other Greek and Italian peoples, let alone non-Mediterranean societies. The second source of information is archaeology, especially burials, but also settlements. The chapter discusses social and political development using both a core–periphery (Mediterranean societies were more complex than those in the north) and an evolutionary model, though not one which necessarily assumes increasing complexity. The varying nature of individual power bases is also considered. A major area of contention (including between the authors) is the extent to which we can back-project documented societies into the past or into other contexts.

scholarly journals ROLE OF MEMORY IN SHAPING CHARACTERS� IDENTITY IN MAHESH DATTANI�S FINAL SOLUTIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Suman Sigroha
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Public Memory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Personal Memory ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Personal Interests

While writing of contemporary issues Mahesh Dattani constructs a sense of a shared urban cultural identity, which is upper-middle class, professional, English speaking and a cityfied identity. Memory plays a very important part in the plays. Public memory is time and again juxtaposed with personal memory, and it becomes a means to explain and justify the political acts committed for personal interests. This paper looks at how memory, personal as well public, shapes the identities (social, personal and religious) of characters in Mahesh Dattanis Final Solutions. Incidents are important, but only to explain why and how the people populate his plays, acting in ways that they do. The psychological action is of greater relevance than any physical action that takes place in the play. He reveals his characters by placing them in situations where they are forced to analyze themselves in the light of what happened in their lives in the past.

scholarly journals Structuri sociale și identități etnice în epoca metalelor în sud-estul Europei

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-140
Author(s):  
Simona Lazăr
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cultural Features

In the last decades there had been proposed several theoretical models for different types of exchanges, from those that took place among the neighboring communities to the long distances ones, through the help of the intermediaries. The mechanisms of the goods circulation, essentially different from what we understand today through this process, were based on the principles of reciprocity and redistribution. In order to understand them, and also other aspects related to the complex system of the social and power relations, an important role had the ethno-anthropological studies that offered different interpretation models. It was debated a lot in the Anglo-Saxon literature and not only, on the fact that the contemporary archaeologist judges, inevitably, the objects and the concrete situations from the digs, according to some criteria completely different from the studied cultural context, because he belongs to another “world”, with other psych-socio-cultural features than the people from the near past, this socio-social distance that comes between the archaeologist and the artifact, along with the temporal one, determining the opacity of the last one.   The archaeological data mustn’t permanently inter-relate with the theories. It isn’t always sure that these “stylistic” or “aesthetic” criteria that we consider to be significant were considered the same by the potter from the past. The “style” changes had been many times forcedly associated with the replacement of an archaeological culture with another or changes in the ethnic structure of a community. The changes that appeared in certain types of artifacts can be explained only through economic or symbolic mutations, not necessarily through cultural influences understood linearly (as the representation of some chronological relations between the human groups or through the ethnic relation).

scholarly journals Looking across the river

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Galasiński ◽  
Ulrike H. Meinhof
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Border Communities ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
The Town ◽  
East West

The paper reports results of an ongoing ESRC-funded project into constructions of identity in German and Polish border communities. We are interested here in how our informants from different generations position themselves and their communities with regard to those on the other side of the river. The data come from a set of semi-structured interviews conducted in the towns of Guben (Germany) and Gubin (Poland) separated by the river Neisse, with some reference to the data elicited in the similarly split communities on the former East West German border on the Saale. For the people living in our target communities, the official narratives of the nation were re-written not just once, but in the case of the older generation at least three times. This meant a challenge of how to construct their own cultural identity in response to official changes and in relation to oppositional constructions of the nation on the other side of the border literally by ‘looking across’ at the Other in their every-day lives. In this paper we discuss how members of the oldest generation living on both sides of the river Neisse in the respective German and Polish towns of Guben and Gubin construct each other in their discourses. We show that the discourses of the Other are ridden by a mismatch in the constructions of the ownership of the past and the present. While the Polish narratives construct the German neighbours in terms of threat to the present status quo of the town, the German narratives position Gubin mostly in terms of the nostalgic past.

scholarly journals The case for proto-Dvāravatī: A review of the art historical and archaeological evidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
The Past ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Iron Age I ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Western Language

The mid-first millennium CE represents a crucial period in the emergence of early polities in Southeast Asia. However, disagreement remains between archaeologists and art historians as to the precise dating of this shift from prehistory to history. This article focuses on the Dvāravatī period and re-evaluates evidence in Thai and Western language publications. A growing number of sites excavated over the past two decades in particular show occupation from c. the fourth to fifth century onwards while others provide a continual sequence stretching back well into the Iron Age. I argue that evidence from these sites makes a strong case for postulating a proto-Dvāravatī period spanning c. the fourth to fifth centuries. In doing so this article proposes this period as the timeframe within which the nascent traits and characteristics of what becomes Dvāravatī in the seventh to ninth centuries are present and gradually developing.

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