scholarly journals A Review of the Rulings by Muslim Jurists on Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Tissue Transplantation

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Zachariah Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Tissue Transplantation ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Reproductive Tissue ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Developments in organ donation and transplantation continue to generate controversy, especially in the field of reproductive medicine. Techniques used in assisted reproductive technology (ART), such as artificial insemination, in vitro fertilisation (IVF), gestational surrogate mothering and gender selection, continue to challenge conventional norms. The use of these techniques, as well as the transplantation of reproductive tissue such as ovaries and the testicles, for example, enables children to be conceived who may have no genetic or social relationship to one or more of their parents, biological or other. This generates religious, legal, moral and ethical dilemmas for many people, including Muslims, who tend to hold negative views about organ donation. Legal frameworks such as ijtihad (independent judgment) in conjunction with al-maqaasid al-shar’iyyah (the higher objectives of Divine decree) are assessed to review the available Sunni juristic rulings pertinent to the question, “what are the views of Muslim jurists about assisted reproductive technology and tissue transplantation given evolving implications for offspring and donors?” The review finds that a majority of Muslim jurists and juristic councils permit assisted reproductive technology and reproductive tissue transplantation with several conditions.

scholarly journals Significance of disorders of proteomic profile of follicular fluid for predicting the effectiveness of in vitro fertilisation in women with infertility

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-503
Author(s):  
O S Zolotykh ◽  
S V Lomteva ◽  
K Yu Sagamonova
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Proteomic Profile ◽  
Technology Programs ◽  
Group 2

Aim. To study the proteomic profile of follicular fluid in patients with infertility in assisted reproductive technology programs. Methods. The study included women with infertility included in assisted reproductive technology programs: 15 women who had in vitro fertilisation which resulted in pregnancy (group 1) and 16 women with a negative result of this program (group 2). Fractionation of the follicular fluid samples was performed using the sets of special magnetic beads. Proteomic profiling was performed by tandem MALDI-mass-spectrometry. The anti-Müllerian hormone level was measured by ELISA. Results. The study revealed differences in the detectability of follicular fluid proteins with different regulatory properties in patients of groups 1 and 2. With the negative outcome of in vitro fertilisation, expression of a number of proteins involved in the processes of folliculogenesis, ovulation, selection of the dominant follicle, as well as proteins necessary for the development of the zygote and blastula was reduced in females' follicular fluid. Increased expression in women from group 2 was registered for proteins enhancing proteolytic reactions, cell apoptosis, including oocytes, which disrupt the positive action of activin and damage structural and functional state of mitochondria. A definite relationship was found between the level of anti-Müllerian hormone and rate of detection of a number of proteins, in particular protocadherin-2α, cystatin C, betaglycan, prostatic acid phosphatase, and dermicidin. Conclusion. The revealed changes in proteomic profile of the follicular fluid obviously play an important role in the molecular mechanisms that determine the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies; the identified differentially expressed proteins can serve as objective markers for predicting the outcomes of in vitro fertilisation.

Follicular fluid and assisted reproductive technology programs outcomes (literature review)

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Anna G. Burduli ◽  
Natalia A. Kitsilovskaya ◽  
Yuliya V. Sukhova ◽  
Irina A. Vedikhina ◽  
Tatiana Y. Ivanets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Art Programs ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Established Fact

The review presents data on metabolites in the follicular fluid (FF) from the perspective of reproductive medicine and their use in order to predict outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs. It considers various components of this biological medium (hormones, lipids, melatonin, etc.) with an assessment of their predictive value in prognosis of the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs. The data on experimental directions in this field and the prospects for their use in clinical practice are presented. The article emphasizes that the growing clinical need and the unsolved problem of increasing the effectiveness of ART programs determine the need for further studies of the FF composition. Materials and methods. The review includes data related to this topic from foreign and Russian articles found in PubMed which were published in recent years. Results. Given the established fact of a direct effect of FF composition on growth and maturation of oocytes, and further, on the fertilization process, various FF metabolites are actively investigated as non-invasive markers of quality of oocytes/embryos. The article provides data on the experimental directions in this field and the prospects for their use in clinical practice. However, clinical studies of a relation between various FF metabolites levels and outcomes of IVF programs are contradictory. Conclusion. Owing large economic cost for treatment of infertility with IVF, there is need for expansion and intensification of studies to identify and use reliable predictors in prognosis of ART programs outcomes.

Pregnancy Outcomes Using Assisted Reproductive Technology After Fertility-Preserving Therapy in Patients With Endometrial Adenocarcinoma or Atypical Complex Hyperplasia

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aera R. Han ◽  
Yong-Soon Kwon ◽  
D. Y. Kim ◽  
J. H. Kim ◽  
Y. M. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Asan Medical

Objectives:To evaluate the outcomes of pregnancy in young women (<40 years old) with early endometrial cancer or atypical complex hyperplasia who were treated by conservative management followed by assisted reproductive technology (ART).Materials and Methods:Medical charts of 11 patients treated from January 1997 to October 2007 at Asan Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed. These patients had all been treated with progestin and serial dilatation and curettage as primary fertility-preserving therapies.Results:After pathological remission of disease, 10 patients tried to become pregnant by ART, 4 by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, and 6 by controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, with or without intrauterine insemination. Eight women had intrauterine pregnancies, and 6 patients had live births. Patients have been followed up for 9 to 51 months (mean, 21 months) after delivery, with no evidence of tumor recurrence.Conclusions:Fertility-preserving therapy followed by ART can be a good option in well-selected patients with early endometrial cancer who want to become pregnant.

In Vitro Fertilization, Assisted Reproductive Technology

2013 ◽  
pp. 1050-1052
Author(s):  
Marie Boltz ◽  
Holly Rau ◽  
Paula Williams ◽  
Holly Rau ◽  
Paula Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Vitro Fertilization

Thyroid Disorders and In Vitro Outcomes of Assisted Reproductive Technology: An Unfortunate Combination?

Thyroid ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1177-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Poppe ◽  
Candice Autin ◽  
Flora Veltri ◽  
Georgiana Sitoris ◽  
Pierre Kleynen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Thyroid Disorders

84 MARKERS OF DNA METHYLATION IN OVINE UTERO–PLACENTAL TISSUES DURING EARLY PREGNANCY: EFFECTS OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
A. T. Grazul-Bilska ◽  
M. L. Johnson ◽  
P. P. Borowicz ◽  
D. A. Redmer ◽  
L. P. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
De Novo Methylation

Compromised pregnancies can be caused by genetic, epigenetic, environmental and/or other factors. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) may have profound effects on placental and fetal development, leading eventually to compromised pregnancy. DNA methylation, regulated by DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt) and other factors, plays an important role during embryonic, including placental, development. Altered DNA methylation in the trophoblast and, subsequently, the placenta has been reported for compromised pregnancies and may contribute to embryonic/fetal loss. Little is known, however, about DNA methylation processes in placental tissues during early stages of normal or compromised pregnancies in any species. Thus, we hypothesised that ART would affect the expression of 5 methylcytosine (5mC; a marker of global methylation) and mRNA for Dnmt1, 3a and 3b in utero-placental tissues during early pregnancy in sheep. Pregnancies (n = 7 per group) were achieved through natural breeding (NAT, control), or transfer of embryos generated through natural breeding (NAT-ET), in vitro fertilization (IVF) or in vitro activation (IVA; parthenogenetic clones). On Day 22 of pregnancy, caruncle (CAR; maternal placenta) and fetal membranes (FM; fetal placenta) were snap-frozen separately for RNA extraction followed by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, cross sections of gravid uterus were fixed and then used for immunohistochemical detection and image analysis of 5 mC in FM. In FM, expression of mRNA for Dnmt3a was ∼2-fold greater (P < 0.01) in IVA compared with the other groups and was similar in NAT, NAT-ET and IVF groups. Expression of 5 mC was ∼2- to 3-fold greater (P < 0.02) in IVF and IVA than in NAT. In CAR, mRNA expression for Dnmt1 was ∼1.5-fold greater (P < 0.04) in IVA compared with the other groups, but Dnmt3a expression was less (P < 0.04) in NAT-ET and IVA than NAT. Expression of mRNA for Dnmt1 in FM and 3b in FM and CAR was similar in all groups. In IVA and/or IVF pregnancy, increased expression of Dnmt3a mRNA and/or 5 mC in FM may indicate de novo methylation in the fetal placenta. Furthermore, in pregnancies created through ART, decreased expression of Dnmt3a in CAR may indicate reduced de novo methylation in maternal placenta. Thus, in sheep, ART may have specific effects on growth and function of utero-placental and fetal tissues through regulation of DNA methylation and likely other mechanisms. These data provide a foundation for determining the basis for altered DNA methylation of specific genes in placental and embryonic tissues in compromised pregnancies. In addition, these data will help us to better understand placental regulatory mechanisms in compromised pregnancies and to identify strategies for rescuing such pregnancies. Supported by Hatch Project ND01712; USDA grant 2007-01215 to LPR and ATGB, NIH grant HL64141 to LPR and DAR and NSF-MRI-ARRA grant to ATGB.

scholarly journals Assisted Reproductive Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Deep
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
One Year

All the treatment or procedure that includes the handling of both human sperm and oocytes or embryos in vitro for the purpose of establishing a pregnancy in order to bypass some pathological obstacles in human reproduction is known as Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). Now we must be approaching 1.5 million Assisted Reproductive Technology birth since the birth of the world’s first in vitro fertilization baby, Louise Brown, in the United Kingdom. The infertility is caused by various reason and factors from either or both partners. Infertility affects worldwide by 8-15 percent of couples in general and defined as a disease of the reproductive system by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after one year or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i1.10840 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(1): 1-10

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