scholarly journals Nation, Race, and Religious Identity in the Early Nazi Movement

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Derek Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
First World War ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
World War ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World ◽  
Shed Light

This paper examines the dissemination of radical nationalist and racist ideas among Catholics within the early Nazi movement in Munich. While the relationship between the Nazi regime and the Catholic faith was often antagonistic after 1933, a close examination of the earliest years of the Nazi movement reveals a different picture. In the immediate aftermath of the First World War and within the specific context of Munich and its overwhelmingly Catholic environs, early Nazi activists attempted to resacralize political life, synthesizing radical völkisch nationalism with reformist, “modern” conceptions of Catholic faith and identity. In so doing, they often built on ideas that circulated in Catholic circles before the First World War, particularly within the Reform Catholic movement in Munich. By examining depictions of nation and race among three important Catholic groups—reform-oriented priests, publicists, and university students—this paper strives not only to shed light on the conditions under which the Nazi movement was able to survive its tumultuous infancy, but also to offer brief broader reflections on the interplay between nationalism, racism, and religious identity. The article ultimately suggests it was specifically the malleability and conceptual imprecision of those terms that often enhanced their ability to penetrate and circulate effectively within religious communities.

A War to Remember (2)

2021 ◽  
pp. 204-240
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Shams
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
First World War ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
World War ◽  
War Poetry ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World ◽  
Shed Light

As the war continued, and the death toll grew, some official poets began to engage with the conflict through greater degrees of realism. This chapter examines this aspect, and the ensuing complications in the relationship between poetry and the state, to present a nuanced, more complex portrait of the diversity of official war poetry. By drawing on other war literary traditions, such as English poetry during the First World War, this chapter aims to shed light on the ways in which the official poets of the Islamic Republic symbolized their emotional responses to war, depravation and trauma.

G.A. Landau on the Twilights of Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Kirill A. Solovyov
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Direct Predecessor ◽  
The Masses ◽  
First World ◽  
European Civilization ◽  
Legal Processes

In the center of the article author’s attention is the book “Twilight of Europe” by G. A. Landau, which is sometimes regarded as direct predecessor of O. Spengler’s works. The article is devoted to G. A. Landau’s views on the nature of political, social, and legal processes in Europe after the First World War. The special attention is paid to the circumstances that Landau believed to be the signs of European civilization ill-being: the collapse of empires, nationalism, and the inclusion of the masses in the political life. Accordingly, the emphasis is placed on Landau’s evaluation of such concepts as “militarism”, “empire”, “nation”, etc.

scholarly journals Übersetzung pejorativer Personenbezeichnungen

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Pavić Pintarić
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
First World War ◽  
German Language ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Miroslav Krleza ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

This paper investigates the translation of pejoratives referring to persons. The corpus is comprised of literary dialogues in the collection of short stories about the First World War by Miroslav Krleža. The dialogues describe the relationship between officers and soldiers. Soldiers are not well prepared for the war and are the trigger of officers’ anger. Therefore, the dialogues are rich with emotionally loaded outbursts resulting in swearwords. Swearwords relate to the intellect and skills of soldiers, and can be divided into absolute and relative pejoratives. Absolute pejoratives refer to the words that carry the negative meaning as the basis, whereas relative pejoratives are those that gain the negative meaning in a certain context. They derive from names of occupations and zoonyms. The analysis comprises the emotional embedment of swearwords, their metaphoric character and the strategies of translation from the Croatian into the German language.

Partito, rivoluzione e guerra. Il linguaggio politico di un transfuga: Nicola Bombacci (1879-1945)

2009 ◽  
pp. 155-175
Author(s):  
Steven Forti
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

- Nicola Bombacci was an important PSI's leader during the First World War and the biennio rosso (1919-1920). After his expulsion from the PCd'I, of which was one of the founders, he approached fascism and became one of the last supporters of it since he had been shooted by partisans and died in Como Lake, and had been exposed in Loreto Square beside to Mussolini. After a short historical mention of the Bombacci's political life, these pages will analyse deeper the question of the passage from the left to fascism in interwar Italy, through the analyse of his political language. The method executed in order to analyse the question foresees the use of a biography by dates and the identification of the political interpretation's categories, which permit to carry out a comparison between the social-communist and fascist period. In conclusions, the article proposes a thesis of interpretation: the political passion.Parole chiave: Fascismo, Nazione, Rivoluzione, Classe, Guerra, Passione politica Fascism, Nation, Revolution, Class, War, Political passion

Religion and Dictatorship in Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-193
Author(s):  
Richard Steigmann-Gall
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Italian Fascism ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Institutional Relations ◽  
State Relations ◽  
First World ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter explores the intersection of religion and dictatorship after the First World War. It examines the question of institutional relations between church and state, and seeks to explore how these relations shed light on the ideological relationship between religious traditions and fascism in particular. It does this by considering comparative perspectives across Europe, especially with regard to church–state relations but also in terms of politics, ideology, and culture. It goes on to explore the cases of Italian fascism and German Nazism, demonstrating how these regimes have typically been understood, as well as how they perpetuated a distinctive religious politics.

Rama or ahimsa? Terror or Passive Resistance? Revolutionary Methods of Hindu Students from London University and the Christian Response, 1909–17

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 274-284
Author(s):  
Stuart Mews
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Passive Resistance ◽  
Indian Student ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World ◽  
Shed Light

The assassination in London on the evening of 1 July 1909 of Sir Curzon Wyllie, aide-de-camp to the Secretary of State for India, by a twenty-six-year-old Indian student named Madar Lai Dhingra stunned the nation. The background to the shooting and its consequences shed light on the attitudes of British Christians to Indian Hindus. In turn light is shed on the response of Hindus, most crucially that of the eventual leader of the successful campaign for Indian independence, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, in the crucial decade before the First World War.

‘The Cross, naturally’: Decorations in the Belgian Army and their effect on emotions, behaviour and the self, 1914–1918

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-383
Author(s):  
Rose Spijkerman
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
First World War ◽  
The Self ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

During the First World War, many soldiers in the Belgian Army were endowed with a decoration, in order to inspire, motivate, and reward desirable conduct. The relationship between decorations and the soldier’s self-consciousness, his behaviour and his emotions, is present in every aspect of decorating, as it emphasized his self-esteem, pride, and character. By analysing the material aspects of decorations, the ceremonies surrounding their bestowal, and the textual motivation for doing so, this article explores the functions and effects of decorating, the evaluation of behaviour and self-conscious emotions by both Army Command and soldiers.

LORD CURZON AND E. G. BROWNE CONFRONT THE ‘PERSIAN QUESTION’

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER N. B. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
High Demand ◽  
The First World War ◽  
George Nathaniel Curzon ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

ABSTRACTAs British efforts to secure the approaches to India intensified in the closing years of the nineteenth century, expert knowledge of the states bordering the subcontinent became an increasingly sought-after commodity. Particularly high demand existed for individuals possessing first-hand experience of Qajar Persia, a state viewed by many policymakers as a vulnerable anteroom on the glacis of the Raj. Britain's two foremost Persian experts during this period were George Nathaniel Curzon and Edward Granville Browne. While Curzon epitomized the traditional gentleman amateur, Browne embodied the emerging professional scholar. Drawing on both their private papers and publications, this article analyses the relationship between these two men as well as surveys their respective views of British policy toward Iran from the late 1880s until the end of the First World War. Ultimately it contends that Curzon's knowledge of Persia proved deficient in significant ways and that Anglo-Iranian relations, at least in the aftermath of the Great War, might well have been placed on a better footing had Browne's more nuanced understanding of the country and its inhabitants prevailed within the foreign policymaking establishment.

scholarly journals Traditions of N.V. Gogol in the prose of S.A. Klychkov

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-365
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The People ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Creative Interchange ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Devil ◽  
First World ◽  
Research Show

The article deals with the traditions of N.V. Gogol in the prose of S.A. Klychkov. The absence of generalizing works that examine the work of Novokrestyansk writers in the context of the traditions of Russian classics, determines the relevance of the topic. The purpose of the work is to identify and analyze common images and motifs in the prose of Gogol and Klychkov. The task of the research is to find out what caused the creative interchange of these writers. In the works of both writers presented the motive of Russian heroism and Russian force. But in S. Klychkov's novel “Sugar German”, the events of which take place in the First World War, the motive of heroism is transformed into the motive of the death of the Russian people. The iron “German civilization” not only destroys the natural utopia, but also morally cripples the person, makes him the servant of the devil. The image of the “the deceptive city”, which is ruled by the devil, in prose of S.A. Klychkov is projected onto the “Saint Petersburg stories” by N.V. Gogol. In “Sugar German” there are plot rolls with “Nevsky Prospect”. Material for comparison is the theme of the relationship between man and the devil in the works of Gogol and Klychkov. The results of the research show that in S.A. Klychkov's prose there are typological convergences with the works of N.V. Gogol, conditioned by conceptual ideas about the Russian national character, the fate of the people and Russia, as well as a conscious orientation to Gogol's poetics.

scholarly journals Collective Motherliness in Italy. Reception and Reformulation of Ellen Key’s feminist ideas in Sibilla Aleramo and Ada Negri (1905-1921)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ulla Åkerström
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Single Motherhood ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World ◽  
Idealistic View

This paper aims to explore how the Swedish writer Ellen Key’s ideas on collective motherliness and on the relationship between man and woman were received and reformulated in the articles, poetry and prose of Sibilla Aleramo and Ada Negri before and after the First World War. The ideas in Aleramo’s autobiographical novel Una donna (1906) were close to Key’s theories, but her autobiographical novel Il passaggio (1919) was quite different. Ada Negri’s idealistic view of motherhood, as expressed in her collection of poetry Maternità (1904), corresponded to parts of Key’s conception of motherhood, while Negri’s dream of single motherhood and the realisation of that ideal is emphasized in her autobiographical novel Stella mattutina (1921).

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