scholarly journals Optimization of Topdressing for Winter Wheat by Accurate Growth Monitoring and Improved Production Estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2349
Author(s):  
Jingchun Ji ◽  
Jianli Liu ◽  
Jingjing Chen ◽  
Yujie Niu ◽  
Kefan Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
N Use

Topdressing accounts for approximately 40% of the total nitrogen (N) application of winter wheat on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in China. However, N use efficiency of topdressing is low due to the inadaptable topdressing method used by local farmers. To improve the N use efficiency of winter wheat, an optimization method for topdressing (THP) is proposed that uses unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing to accurately acquire the growth status and an improved model for growth potential estimation and optimization of N fertilizer amount for topdressing (NFT). The method was validated and compared with three other methods by a field experiment: the conventional local farmer’s method (TLF), a nitrogen fertilization optimization algorithm (NFOA) proposed by Raun and Lukina (TRL) and a simplification introduced by Li and Zhang (TLZ). It shows that when insufficient basal fertilizer was provided, the proposed method provided as much NFT as the TLF method, i.e., 25.05% or 11.88% more than the TRL and TLZ methods and increased the yields by 4.62% or 2.27%, respectively; and when sufficient basal fertilizer was provided, the THP method followed the TRL and TLZ methods to reduce NFT but maintained as much yield as the TLF method with a decrease of NFT by 4.20%. The results prove that THP could enhance crop production under insufficient N preceding conditions by prescribing more fertilizer and increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by lowering the fertilizer amount when enough basal fertilizer is provided.

scholarly journals Temporal and Organ-specific Responses in NUE Traits to N Fertilization, Fungicide Intensity and Early Sowing in Winter Wheat Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Prey ◽  
Moritz Germer ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Fungicide intensity and sowing time influence the N use efficiency (NUE) of winter wheat but the underlying mechanisms, interactions of plant traits, and the temporal effects are not sufficiently understood. Therefore, organ-specific responses in NUE traits to fungicide intensity and earlier sowing were compared at two nitrogen (N) levels for six winter wheat cultivars in 2017. Plants were sampled at anthesis and at maturity and separated into chaff, grain, culms, and three leaf layers to assess their temporal contribution to aboveground dry matter (DM) and N uptake (Nup). Compared to the control treatment, across cultivars, the treatment without fungicide mostly exerted stronger and inverse effects than early sowing, on grain yield (GY, −12% without fungicide, +8% n.s. for early sowing), grain Nup (GNup, −9% n.s., +5% n.s.) as well as on grain N concentration (+4%, −2% n.s.). Grain yield in the treatment without fungicide was associated with similar total DM, as observed in the control treatment but with lower values in harvest index, thousand kernel weight, N use efficiency for GY (NUE) and N utilization efficiency. Lower GNup was associated with similar vegetative N uptake but lower values in N translocation efficiency and N harvest index. In contrast, early sowing tended to increase total DM at anthesis and maturity as well as post-anthesis assimilation, at similar harvest index and increased the number of grains per spike and total N use efficiency. Total N uptake increased after the winter season but was similar at anthesis. Although the relative N response in many traits was lower without fungicide, few fungicide x interactions were significant, and the sowing date did not interact either with N fertilization for any of the N and DM traits. The results demonstrate the positive effects of fungicides and earlier sowing on various traits related to yield formation and the efficient use of nitrogen and are discussed based on various concepts.

Effects of spray application of urea fertilizer at stem extension on winter wheat: N recovery and nitrate leaching

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. READMAN ◽  
C. P. BECKWITH ◽  
P. S. KETTLEWELL
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

A field experiment was carried out at Harper Adams in Shropshire to investigate the effect of supplying the spring N application to winter wheat as different proportions of urea as a solution, rather than as conventional soil-applied solid urea, on N recovery in the above-ground crop, autumn soil mineral N and nitrate leaching over the subsequent winter. A solid ammonium nitrate treatment was also included to represent alternative commercial practice to solid urea. Treatments were repeated on the same plots over the 3 years 1992, 1993 and 1994. N recovery was measured in all 3 years by difference in N uptake between fertilized and unfertilized plots, and in 1993 for selected treatments, N was applied as 15N-labelled fertilizer to determine direct uptake of fertilizer N in the crop and soil. Both urea sprays and solid soil N applications were labelled with 15N. Urea sprays were split over several days to reduce scorch, whereas solid fertilizer was applied as a single dressing. For some urea spray treatments, apparent N recovery in the above-ground crop in 1992 and 1994 was less compared with soil-applied N treatments. These urea spray treatments were applied in the morning rather than the evening, and gaseous losses, most likely by volatilization, are suggested. In 1992 application of a large proportion of N as urea sprays, such that application of some N as urea solution was delayed to around GS 37, was associated with an increase in physiological N use efficiency. In 1993, there was no difference in direct or apparent recovery of fertilizer N in the crop or soil for N applied as ammonium nitrate, solid urea or as urea sprays. Mean nitrate concentration in the drainage water at 1 m was elevated for all N treatments in all years, but only in 1992 did nitrate concentration and leaching loss decrease with increasing proportion of N applied as urea sprays. It may therefore be possible to reduce gaseous losses by application of urea sprays under cool conditions in the evening and exploit the increased physiological N use efficiency for urea sprays applied later, such that total fertilizer N applied and N losses are reduced.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization in Winter Wheat under Pannonian Climate Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Gerhard Moitzi ◽  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Hans-Peter Kaul ◽  
Helmut Wagentristl
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Improvements in nitrogen (N) use efficiency in crop production are important for addressing the triple challenges of food security, environmental degradation and climate change. The three fertilizers, calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), urea (Urea) and stabilized urea (Ureastab), were applied at a rate of 160 kg N ha−1 with two or three splits to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Pannonian climate region of eastern Austria. On average, over all fertilization treatments, the grain yield (GY) increased by about a quarter and the grain N concentration (GNC) doubled compared to the control without fertilization. Consequently, the grain N yield (NYGRAIN) was increased with N fertilization by 154%. The GY increased due to a higher grain density with no differences between N fertilizers but with a tendency of a higher grain yield with three compared to two splits. Three splits also slightly increased the GNC and consequently the NYGRAIN of CAN and Ureastab in one year. The removal of N fertilizer with the NYGRAIN (N surplus) was higher than the amount of applied fertilizer. Fertilization decreased the N use efficiency (NUE), the N uptake efficiency (NUpE) and the N utilization efficiency (NUtE) but increased the soil mineral nitrate (NO3-N) at harvest and the apparent N loss (ANL). Three compared to two applications resulted in a higher NO3-N at harvest but also a lower N surplus due to partly higher NYGRAIN. Consequently, the ANL was lower with three compared to two splits. Also, the NUpE and the apparent N recovery efficiency (ANRE) were higher with three splits. The best N treatment regarding highest above-ground biomass yield with lowest N surplus, N balance and ANL was the three-split treatment (50 CAN, 50 CAN, 60 liquid urea ammonium nitrate). Three splits can, under semi-arid conditions, be beneficial when aiming high-quality wheat for bread-making and also for reducing the N loss. Whereas, two splits are recommended when aiming only at high GY, e.g., for ethanol-wheat production.

Yield, N uptake, and apparent N-use efficiency of winter wheat and winter barley grown in different cropping systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SIELING ◽  
H. SCHRÖDER ◽  
M. FINCK ◽  
H. HANUS
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Increasing the efficiency with which crops use supplied nitrogen (N) can minimize the impact on the environment. In the growing seasons 1990/91 to 1992/93, the effects of different cropping systems on yield, N uptake by the grain and apparent N-use efficiency (NUE) of the grain of winter wheat and winter barley were investigated in a factorial field experiment at Hohenschulen Experimental Station near Kiel in NW Germany. The crop rotation was oilseed rape–winter wheat–winter barley, and soil tillage (conservation tillage without ploughing, conventional tillage), application of pig slurry (none, autumn, spring, autumn+spring), mineral N fertilization (0–240 kg N ha−1) and application of fungicides (none, applications against pathogens of the stems, leaves and ears) were all varied. Each year, the treatments were applied to all three crops of the rotation and were located on the same plots.Averaged over all factors, wheat yield was >7 t ha−1 dry matter in all years and N uptake of the harvested grain varied between 140 and 168 kg N ha−1. Pig slurry application in autumn increased grain yield and N uptake more than spring slurry in two out of three years. Mineral N unfertilized wheat yielded only 5·3–6·3 t ha−1 depending on the year, mineral N fertilization increased wheat yield up to 8 t ha−1. Barley yield was lower than wheat yield, ranging from 4·5 t ha−1 in 1993 to 6·3 t ha−1 in 1992. Unlike wheat, spring slurry N affected barley yield and N uptake more than autumn slurry.Wheat apparently utilized 12–21% and barley up to 13% of the applied slurry N for its grain development. In 1991, the highest apparent slurry N-use efficiency (SNUE) of wheat and barley occurred after the late spring slurry application. However, in the following years, autumn SNUE of wheat was similar to (1992) or higher than (1993) spring SNUE, presumably because of vigorous tiller growth before winter. Additionally applied mineral fertilizer N decreased SNUE.Apparent mineral fertilizer N-use efficiency (FNUE) was higher than SNUE and ranged in wheat from 40 to 59% and in barley between 19 and 37% of the applied mineral fertilizer N. FNUE decreased with increasing N fertilization.To improve the N-use efficiency of both slurry N and mineral fertilizer N, more information is needed about the combined use of both N sources, with special emphasis on split applications of slurry as is common practice for mineral N fertilizer.

Impacts of high intensity crop rotation and N management on oilseed rape productivity in Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Hegewald ◽  
Barbara Koblenz ◽  
Monika Wensch-Dorendorf ◽  
Olaf Christen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

A rotational field experiment was established in the year 2002 at the experimental farm Etzdorf in the Hercynian dry region of central Germany. Since 2005 field measured datasets were used to determine the effect of different preceding crop combinations and different nitrogen (N) fertilisation treatments on the seed yield, oil content, oil yield and N-use efficiency of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The preceding crop combinations compared were winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-winter wheat (WW), WW-oilseed rape (OSR), OSR-OSR and an OSR monoculture. In addition to the preceding crop combination, N fertiliser treatments with either 120 kg N ha–1 or 180 kg N ha–1 were established in the year 2013. Overall the results demonstrated that seed yield, oil yield and N-use efficiency all declined with an increased cropping intensity for the period 2005–2012. Higher N rates in the 2013–2014 seasons increased seed yield and oil yield when OSR followed WW-WW pre-crops. OSR monoculture had lowest yield independent of applied N. Seed yield declined from 4.61 t ha–1 (OSR following WW-WW) to 4.28 t ha–1 in the OSR monoculture with 120 kg N ha–1, and from 4.81 t ha–1 (following WW-WW) to 4.42 t ha–1 in the OSR monoculture with 180 kg N ha–1. Higher N rates generally reduced N-use efficiency, with highest N-efficiency for WW-WW-OSR (38.4 kg kg–1), and lowest for continuous OSR receiving 180 kg N ha–1 (24.5 kg kg–1). These results emphasise the importance of crop rotation to maintain seed yield and oil yield of oilseed rape, and to maximise the response to applied N. A reduced N rate increased N-use efficiency and reduced the risk of high N surpluses without a significant/equivalent decrease of the seed yield when the rotation was optimised.

INFLUENCE OF THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION ON RICE YIELD AND NITROGEN AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY WITH DIFFERENT N APPLICATION RATES

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIMEI ZHAO ◽  
LIANGHUAN WU ◽  
YONGSHAN LI ◽  
XINGHUA LU ◽  
DEFENG ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to investigate the impacts of alternative rice cultivation systems on grain yield, water productivity, N uptake and N use efficiency (ANUE, agronomic N use efficiency; PFP, partial factor productivity of applied N). The trials compared the practices used with the system of rice intensification (SRI) and traditional flooding (TF). The effects of different N application rates (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha−1) and of N rates interacting with the cultivation system were also evaluated. Resulting grain yields with SRI ranged from 5.6 to 7.3 t ha−1, and from 4.1 to 6.4 t ha−1 under TF management. On average, grain yields under SRI were 21% higher in 2005 and 22% higher in 2006 than with TF. Compared with TF, SRI plots had higher harvest index across four fertilizer N rates in both years. However, there was no significance difference in above-ground biomass between two cultivation systems in either year. ANUE was increased significantly under SRI at 80 kg N ha−1 compared with TF, while at higher N application rates, ANUE with SRI was significantly lower than TF. Compared with TF, PFP under SRI was higher across all four N rates in both years, although the difference at 240 kg N ha−1 was not significant. As N rate increased, the ANUE and PFP under both SRI and TF significantly decreased. Reduction in irrigation water use with SRI was 40% in 2005 and 47% in 2006, and water use efficiency, both total and from irrigation, were significantly increased compared to TF. With both SRI and TF, the highest N application was associated with decreases in grain yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency. This is an important finding given current debates whether N application rates in China are above the optimum, especially considering consequences for soil and water resources. Cultivation system, N rates and their interactions all produced significant differences in this study. Results confirmed that optimizing fertilizer N application rates under SRI is important to increase yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Single and split nitrogen dose in wheat yield indicators

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane S. P. Costa ◽  
Rubia D. Mantai ◽  
José A. G. da Silva ◽  
Osmar B. Scremin ◽  
Emilio G. Arenhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Split Dose ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Release ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

ABSTRACT Single or split nitrogen (N) supply can maximize the expression of wheat yield indicators. The objective of the study was to evaluate the greater N use efficiency on wheat yield indicators by the single and split N supply under favorable and unfavorable year conditions to the crop in succession system of high and reduced residual N release. The study was conducted in 2014 and 2015, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in a 4 x 3 factorial, for N-fertilizer doses (0, 30, 60, 120 kg ha-1) and supply forms [full dose (100%) in the phenological stage V3 (third expanded leaf); split dose (70 and 30%) in the phenological stages V3/V6 (third and sixth expanded leaves, respectively) and; split dose (70 and 30%) in the phenological stages V3/R1 (third expanded leaf and early grain filling)], respectively, in soybean/wheat and maize/wheat cultivation systems. The highest N use efficiency for wheat yield was obtained with the single dose supply in favorable year of temperature and rainfall and with the split dose in the V3/V6 stages in unfavorable year, regardless of the succession system of high and reduced residual N release.

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