scholarly journals Challenges, Threats, Security Issues and New Trends of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Lie Dai ◽  
Zhiqiang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Wide Class ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Underwater Environment

With the advances in technology, there has been an increasing interest from researchers and industrial institutions in the use of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Constrained by the open acoustic channel, harsh underwater environment, and their own particularities, UWSNs are vulnerable to a wide class of security threats and malicious attacks. However, most existing research into UWSNs has not taken security into consideration. Moreover, the existing relatively mature security mechanisms for WSNs cannot be directly utilized in UWSNs. For these reasons, this article aims to present a comprehensive overview of the particularities, constraints, attacks, challenges and current security mechanisms of UWSNs. In addition, challenging, open and hot research topics are outlined.

scholarly journals Analysis of Security Attacks and Taxonomy in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmad ◽  
Taj Rahman ◽  
Asim Zeb ◽  
Inayat Khan ◽  
Inam Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Attacks ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Marine Monitoring ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Underwater Environment

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) have gained more attention from researchers in recent years due to their advancement in marine monitoring, deployment of various applications, and ocean surveillance. The UWSN is an attractive field for both researchers and the industrial side. Due to the harsh underwater environment, own capabilities, and open acoustic channel, it is also vulnerable to malicious attacks and threats. Attackers can easily take advantage of these characteristics to steal the data between the source and destination. Many review articles are addressed some of the security attacks and taxonomy of the Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. In this study, we have briefly addressed the taxonomy of the UWSNs from the most recent research articles related to the well-known research databases. This paper also discussed the security threats on each layer of the Underwater Wireless sensor networks. This study will help the researchers design the routing protocols to cover the known security threats and help industries manufacture the devices to observe these threats and security issues.

scholarly journals An Overview Survey of Recent Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Al-Salti Faiza A. ◽  
Al-Zeidi Nasser M. ◽  
Day Khaled ◽  
Arafeh Bassel ◽  
Touzene Abderezak
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Underwater Environment ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Underwater Exploration

With the recent advances in underwater sensor devices and technologies, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) enable a variety of applications such as underwater exploration and monitoring, disaster prevention, and military surveillance and reconnaissance. However, these kinds of networks faces a number of challenges induced by the nature of the underwater environment and its influence on the physical media. Therefore, new routing protocols are proposed specifically for such networks to mitigate these challenges. This paper surveys some of the recent routing protocols for UWSNs. Specifically, the idea of each protocol is presented as well as its advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the presented protocols are classified into different categories. The paper is concluded with some open research issues.

Congestion Control Protocols for UWSNs

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Tanvika Garg ◽  
Manisha Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Congestion Control ◽  
Acoustic Communication ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Data Monitoring ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Underwater Environment

UWSN is a grid of many purposes of self-operating nodes with various applications related to various disciplines such as hydrographic surveys, tactical surveillance, disaster prevention, and bathymetry. The process of transmission and reception of messages by propagating sound in an underwater environment is known as acoustic communication. Transmission of acoustic waves is the only method to communicate underwater, as radio waves get attenuated severely and there is severe scattering in optical transmission. Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) have important applications in the exploration of underwater. UWSNs have various applications like in exploration of the sea, collection of data, monitoring of pollution, surveillance of tactics, prevention of disaster, in applications of ministry and surveying of mines.

scholarly journals Mobile target localization based on iterative tracing for underwater wireless sensor networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 155014772094063
Author(s):  
Ruolin Guo ◽  
Danyang Qin ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Guangchao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Target Localization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Underwater Environment ◽  
Mobile Target

In underwater wireless sensor networks, sensor position information has important value in network protocols and collaborative detection. However, many challenges were introduced in positioning sensor nodes due to the complexity of the underwater environment. Aiming at the problem of the stratification effect of underwater acoustic waves, the long propagation delay of messages, as well as the mobility of sensor nodes, a mobile target localization scheme for underwater wireless sensor network is proposed based on iterative tracing. Four modules are established in the mobile target localization based on iterative tracing: the data collection and rough position estimation, the estimation and compensation of propagation delay, the node localization, and the iteration. The deviation of distance estimation due to the assumption that acoustic waves propagate along straight lines in an underwater environment is compensated by the mobile target localization based on iterative tracing, and weighted least squares estimation method is used to perform linear regression. Moreover, an interacting multiple model algorithm is put forward to reduce the positioning error caused by the mobility of sensor nodes, and the two services of node time synchronization and localization assist each other during the iteration to improve the accuracy of both parties. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve higher localization accuracy than the similar schemes, and the positioning errors caused by the above three problems can be reduced effectively.

scholarly journals An Energy Efficient Localization-Free Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 307246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid ◽  
Dongkyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Underwater Environment

Recently, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have attracted much research attention from both academia and industry, in order to explore the vast underwater environment. UWSNs have peculiar characteristics; that is, they have large propagation delay, high error rate, low bandwidth, and limited energy. Therefore, designing network/routing protocols for UWSNs is very challenging. Also, in UWSNs, improving the energy efficiency is one of the most important issues since the replacement of the batteries of underwater sensor nodes is very expensive due to the unpleasant underwater environment. In this paper, we therefore propose an energy efficient routing protocol, named (energy-efficient depth-based routing protocol) EEDBR for UWSNs. EEDBR utilizes the depth of sensor nodes for forwarding data packets. Furthermore, the residual energy of sensor nodes is also taken into account in order to improve the network lifetime. Based on the comprehensive simulation using NS2, we observe that EEDBR contributes to the performance improvements in terms of the network lifetime, energy consumption, and end-to-end delay. A previous version of this paper was accepted in AST-2011 conference.

scholarly journals Challenges and Security Issues in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Lie Dai ◽  
Guannan Si ◽  
Shuxin Wang ◽  
Shouqiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Security Issues

Routing issues and challenges in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpender Sarao ◽  
◽  
Kannaiah Chattu ◽  
Ch. Swapna ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

scholarly journals An Uneven Node Self-Deployment Optimization Algorithm for Maximized Coverage and Energy Balance in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luoheng Yan ◽  
Yuyao He ◽  
Zhongmin Huangfu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Connected Network ◽  
Deployment Optimization

The underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have been applied in lots of fields such as environment monitoring, military surveillance, data collection, etc. Deployment of sensor nodes in 3D UWSNs is a crucial issue, however, it is a challenging problem due to the complex underwater environment. This paper proposes a growth ring style uneven node depth-adjustment self-deployment optimization algorithm (GRSUNDSOA) to improve the coverage and reliability of UWSNs, meanwhile, and to solve the problem of energy holes. In detail, a growth ring style-based scheme is proposed for constructing the connective tree structure of sensor nodes and a global optimal depth-adjustment algorithm with the goal of comprehensive optimization of both maximizing coverage utilization and energy balance is proposed. Initially, the nodes are scattered to the water surface to form a connected network on this 2D plane. Then, starting from sink node, a growth ring style increment strategy is presented to organize the common nodes as tree structures and each root of subtree is determined. Meanwhile, with the goal of global maximizing coverage utilization and energy balance, all nodes depths are computed iteratively. Finally, all the nodes dive to the computed position once and a 3D underwater connected network with non-uniform distribution and balanced energy is constructed. A series of simulation experiments are performed. The simulation results show that the coverage and reliability of UWSN are improved greatly under the condition of full connectivity and energy balance, and the issue of energy hole can be avoided effectively. Therefore, GRSUNDSOA can prolong the lifetime of UWSN significantly.

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