Laser Sensors for Displacement, Distance and Position

Laser sensors can be used to measure distances to objects and their related parameters (displacements, position, surface profiles and velocities). Laser sensors are based on many different optical techniques, such as triangulation, time-of-flight, confocal and interferometric sensors. As laser sensor technology has improved, the size and cost of sensors have decreased, which has led to the widespread use of laser sensors in many areas. In addition to traditional manufacturing industry applications, laser sensors are increasingly used in robotics, surveillance, autonomous driving and biomedical areas. This paper outlines some of the recent efforts made towards laser sensors for displacement, distance and position.

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DLRAD – A FIRST LOOK ON THE NEW VISION AND MAPPING BENCHMARK DATASET FOR AUTONOMOUS DRIVING

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-1-251-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol XLII-1 ◽

pp. 251-256

Author(s):

F. Kurz ◽

D. Waigand ◽

P. Pekezou-Fouopi ◽

E. Vig ◽

C. Henry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autonomous Driving ◽

Benchmark Dataset ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Sensor Technology ◽

Wide Field ◽

Laser Sensors ◽

Geometrical Quality ◽

Reference Vehicle ◽

Stereo Cameras ◽

New Vision

Abstract. DLRAD &ndash; a new vision and mapping benchmark dataset for autonomous driving is under development for the validation of intelligent driving algorithms. Stationary, mobile, and airborne sensors monitored simultaneously the environment around a reference vehicle, which was driving on urban, suburb and rural roads in and around the city of Braunschweig/Germany. Airborne images were acquired with the DLR 4k sensor system mounted on a helicopter. The DLR research car FASCarE is equipped with the latest sensor technology like front/rear radar, ultrasound and laser sensors, optical single and stereo cameras, and GNSS/IMU. Additionally, stationary terrestrial sensors like induction loops, optical mono and stereo cameras, radar and laser scanners monitor defined sections of the path from the ground. Simultaneously, the helicopter with the 4k sensor systems follows the reference car by keeping it all the time in the central nadir view. A next crucial step in the construction of the DLRAD benchmark dataset is the annotation of all objects in the reference dataset.The DLRAD benchmark dataset enables a huge variety of validation capabilities and opens a wide field of possibilities for the development, training and validation of machine learning algorithms in the context of autonomous driving. In this paper, we will present details of the sensor configurations and the acquisition campaign, which had taken place between the 18th July and 20th July 2017 in Braunschweig/Germany. Also, we show a first analysis of the data including the completeness and geometrical quality. The dataset will be published as soon as the coregistration and annotations are complete.

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Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengukur Kecepatan Kendaraan Menggunakan Sensor Magnetik

Wahana Fisika ◽

10.17509/wafi.v2i1.7021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Aris Ramdhani ◽

Ahmad Aminudin ◽

Agus Danawan

Keyword(s):

Giant Magnetoresistance ◽

External Noise ◽

Magnetic Sensor ◽

Measuring System ◽

Sensor Technology ◽

Laser Sensor ◽

Vehicle Speed ◽

Laser Sensors ◽

Time Required ◽

Gmr Sensor

Data kecepatan kendaran di jalan raya sangat berpengaruh bagi keamanan dan keselamatan pengguna jalan raya. Kemajuan tekhnologi sensor sangat membantu dalam mengukur kecepatan kendaraan dengan otomatis. Metode yang umum dipakai ialah metode dengan menggunakan dua buah rangkaian sensor yang sudah diatur pada jarak tertentu. Sensor digunakan sebagai pendeteksi keberadaan kendaraan. Data kecepatan kendaraan didapatkan dengan mencari selang waktu yang dibutuhkan kendaraan melaju dari sensor pertama menuju sensor kedua. Saat kendaraan melaju melewati sensor maka sinyal keluaran sensor menjadi acuan perhitungan waktu start dan stop. Berbagai jenis sensor yang sudah digunakan ialah sensor LDR, sensor ultrasonic, sensor laser, sensor loop induktif dan sensor kamera. Setiap sensor yang sudah dipergunakan memiliki berbagai jenis kekurangan dalam mendeteksi kendaraan pada jalan raya. Oleh karena itu penulis memunculkan ide baru dengan menggunakan sensor magnetik yang memiliki faktor gangguan eksternal yang rendah. Sensor magnetik yang digunakan ialah sensor Giant MagnetoResistance (GMR). Perancangan sistem pengukur kecepatan kendaraan yang penulis lakukan berupa sebuah prototype. Hasil pengujian sistem pengukur kecepatan kendaraan menggunakan sensor magnetik GMR menunjukan respon yang bagus saat pengujian dilakukan pada jarak 30cm dan 70cm antara dua buah sensor GMR.Data speed of vehicles on the highway are very influential to the security and safety of users of the highway. Advances in sensor technology is very helpful in measuring the speed of vehicles with automatic. A common method used is the method by using two sensor circuit which is set at a certain distance. The sensor is used as a detector for the exixtance of the vehicle. Vehicle speed data obtained by finding the time required vehicles drove from the first sensor to the second sensor. When the vehicle drove past the sensor, the sensor output signal to be a reference calculation start and stop time. Many types of sensors that have been used are LDR sensors, ultrasonic sensors, laser sensors, inductive loop sensors and camera sensors. Each of the sensor is already used to have various types of shortcomings in detecting vehicles on highways. Therefore, the authors bring up new ideas by using a magnetic sensor that has a low external noise factor. The type of sensor used magnetic sensor is giant magnetoresistance (GMR). Measuring system design vehicle speed that the author did such a prototype. The results of testing measuring vehicle speed using the GMR sensor showed a good response when testing is done at a distance of 30cm and 70cm between the two GMR sensors.

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Investigating Intense Rainfall Influence on Distance Measurement with a Time-of-Flight Camera Sensor Using Optical Ray-Tracing Simulation Technique

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2131056 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (13) ◽

pp. 1056

Author(s):

Marcus Baumgart ◽

Norbert Druml ◽

Markus Dielacher ◽

Cristina Consani

Keyword(s):

Ray Tracing ◽

Time Of Flight ◽

Autonomous Driving ◽

Intense Rainfall ◽

Signal Suppression ◽

Tof Camera ◽

Ray Tracing Simulation ◽

Camera Sensors ◽

Optical Ray Tracing ◽

Rain Effect

Robust, fast and reliable examination of the surroundings is essential for further advancements in autonomous driving and robotics. Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera sensors are a key technology to measure surrounding objects and their distances on a pixel basis in real-time. Environmental effects, like rain in front of the sensor, can influence the distance accuracy of the sensor. Here we use an optical ray-tracing based procedure to examine the rain effect on the ToF image. Simulation results are presented for experimental rain droplet distributions, characteristic of intense rainfall at rates of 25 mm/h and 100 mm/h. The ray-tracing based simulation data and results serve as an input for developing and testing rain signal suppression strategies.

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Conceptual Model and Operational Framework of Service-Oriented Manufacturing

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.1177 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 179-180 ◽

pp. 1177-1182 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiao Qing Wu ◽

Ming Shun Yang ◽

Xin Qin Gao ◽

Li Ba

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Model ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Producer Services ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Product Service System ◽

Manufacturing Enterprises ◽

Product Service ◽

Service Oriented ◽

Traditional Manufacturing ◽

Manufacturing Mode

With the fiercer competition and more complex environment of manufacturing industry, the service-oriented manufacturing mode integrating manufacture and service has become an inevitable trend. Together with the producer services and product-service system, the development process of service-oriented manufacturing mode was summarized. Compared with the traditional manufacturing mode, a conceptual model of service-oriented manufacturing was proposed. Furthermore, the operational framework of service-oriented manufacturing mode was established based on its operating characteristics. The research paper could provide the manufacturing enterprises with some foundation for implementing the service-oriented manufacturing mode.

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Performance Evaluation of Autonomous Driving Control Algorithm for a Crawler-Type Agricultural Vehicle Based on Low-Cost Multi-Sensor Fusion Positioning

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10134667 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 4667 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joong-hee Han ◽

Chi-ho Park ◽

Jay Hyoun Kwon ◽

Jisun Lee ◽

Tae Soo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Algorithm ◽

Low Cost ◽

Autonomous Driving ◽

Maximum Error ◽

Sensor Technology ◽

Motion Sensor ◽

Integration Algorithm ◽

Sensor Module ◽

Agricultural Vehicle ◽

Mean Square Errors

The agriculture sector is currently facing the problems of aging and decreasing skilled labor, meaning that the future direction of agriculture will be a transition to automation and mechanization that can maximize efficiency and decrease costs. Moreover, interest in the development of autonomous agricultural vehicles is increasing due to advances in sensor technology and information and communication technology (ICT). Therefore, an autonomous driving control algorithm using a low-cost global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-real-time kinematic (RTK) module and a low-cost motion sensor module was developed to commercialize an autonomous driving system for a crawler-type agricultural vehicle. Moreover, an autonomous driving control algorithm, including the GNSS-RTK/motion sensor integration algorithm and the path-tracking control algorithm, was proposed. Then, the performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated based on three trajectories. The Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) of the path-following of each trajectory are calculated to be 9, 7, and 7 cm, respectively, and the maximum error is smaller than 30 cm. Thus, it is expected that the proposed algorithm could be used to conduct autonomous driving with about a 10 cm-level of accuracy.

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Total Factor Productivity Change of Traditional Manufacturing Industry of Beijing

2018 5th International Conference on Industrial Economics System and Industrial Security Engineering (IEIS) ◽

10.1109/ieis.2018.8597779 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Zhifeng Lin ◽

Weida He

Keyword(s):

Total Factor Productivity ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Productivity Change ◽

Factor Productivity ◽

Traditional Manufacturing

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Friction Torque and Leakage Based Data-Driven Approach for Rotary Seal Prognostics in Manufacturing Industry

Volume 1: Additive Manufacturing; Manufacturing Equipment and Systems; Bio and Sustainable Manufacturing ◽

10.1115/msec2019-2819 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Madhumitha Ramachandran ◽

Zahed Siddique

Keyword(s):

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Friction Torque ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Oil Field ◽

Data Driven ◽

Sensor Technology ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Direct Estimation ◽

Rotary Seal ◽

Wide Range

Abstract Rotary seals are found in many manufacturing equipment and machines used for various applications under a wide range of operating conditions. Rotary seal failure can be catastrophic and can lead to costly downtime and large expenses; so it is extremely important to assess the degradation of rotary seal to avoid fatal breakdown of machineries. Physics-based rotary seal prognostics require direct estimation of different physical parameters to assess the degradation of seals. Data-driven prognostics utilizing sensor technology and computational capabilities can aid in the in-direct estimation of rotary seals’ running condition unlike the physics-based approach. An important aspect of data-driven prognostics is to collect appropriate data in order to reduce the cost and time associated with the data collection, storage and computation. Seals in machineries operate in harsh conditions, especially in the oil field, seals are exposed to harsh environment and aggressive fluids which gradually reduces the elastic modulus and hardness of seals, resulting in lower friction torque and excessive leakage. Therefore, in this study we implement a data-driven prognostics approach which utilizes friction torque and leakage signals along with Multilayer Perceptron as a classifier to compare the performance of the two metrics in classifying the running condition of rotary seals. Friction torque was found to have a better performance than leakage in terms of differentiating the running condition of rotary seals throughout its service life. Although this approach was designed for seals in oil and gas industry, this approach can be implemented in any manufacturing industry with similar applications.

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Green Reformation of Chinese Traditional Manufacturing Industry: Approach and Potential for Cooperation

Procedia Manufacturing ◽

10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 285-292

Author(s):

Frida Li ◽

Tao Zhang ◽

Qian Sha ◽

Xin Pei ◽

Yizhi Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Traditional Manufacturing

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Dual-Polarized Fiber Laser Sensor for Photoacoustic Microscopy

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19214632 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (21) ◽

pp. 4632 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lin ◽

Liang ◽

Jin ◽

Wang

Keyword(s):

Fiber Laser ◽

Optical Resolution ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Low Noise ◽

Laser Sensor ◽

Photoacoustic Microscopy ◽

Label Free ◽

Laser Sensors ◽

Dual Polarized

Optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) provides high-resolution, label-free and non-invasive functional imaging for broad biomedical applications. Dual-polarized fiber laser sensors have high sensitivity, low noise, a miniature size, and excellent stability; thus, they have been used in acoustic detection in OR-PAM. Here, we review recent progress in fiber-laser-based ultrasound sensors for photoacoustic microscopy, especially the dual-polarized fiber laser sensor with high sensitivity. The principle, characterization and sensitivity optimization of this type of sensor are presented. In vivo experiments demonstrate its excellent performance in the detection of photoacoustic (PA) signals in OR-PAM. This review summarizes representative applications of fiber laser sensors in OR-PAM and discusses their further improvements.

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