scholarly journals An Edge-Fog Secure Self-Authenticable Data Transfer Protocol

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 3612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algimantas Venčkauskas ◽  
Nerijus Morkevicius ◽  
Vaidas Jukavičius ◽  
Robertas Damaševičius ◽  
Jevgenijus Toldinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Redundant Data ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
User Data ◽  
Constrained Devices ◽  
Transfer Protocol

Development of the Internet of Things (IoT) opens many new challenges. As IoT devices are getting smaller and smaller, the problems of so-called “constrained devices” arise. The traditional Internet protocols are not very well suited for constrained devices comprising localized network nodes with tens of devices primarily communicating with each other (e.g., various sensors in Body Area Network communicating with each other). These devices have very limited memory, processing, and power resources, so traditional security protocols and architectures also do not fit well. To address these challenges the Fog computing paradigm is used in which all constrained devices, or Edge nodes, primarily communicate only with less-constrained Fog node device, which collects all data, processes it and communicates with the outside world. We present a new lightweight secure self-authenticable transfer protocol (SSATP) for communications between Edge nodes and Fog nodes. The primary target of the proposed protocol is to use it as a secure transport for CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) in place of UDP (User Datagram Protocol) and DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security), which are traditional choices in this scenario. SSATP uses modified header fields of standard UDP packets to transfer additional protocol handling and data flow management information as well as user data authentication information. The optional redundant data may be used to provide increased resistance to data losses when protocol is used in unreliable networks. The results of experiments presented in this paper show that SSATP is a better choice than UDP with DTLS in the cases, where the CoAP block transfer mode is used and/or in lossy networks.

scholarly journals A Novel UDT-Based Transfer Speed-Up Protocol for Fog Computing

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijie Han ◽  
Weibei Fan ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Miaoxin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Cloud Data Center ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Data Transfer Protocol ◽  
Bit Error Ratio

Fog computing is a distributed computing model as the middle layer between the cloud data center and the IoT device/sensor. It provides computing, network, and storage devices so that cloud based services can be closer to IOT devices and sensors. Cloud computing requires a lot of bandwidth, and the bandwidth of the wireless network is limited. In contrast, the amount of bandwidth required for “fog computing” is much less. In this paper, we improved a new protocol Peer Assistant UDT-Based Data Transfer Protocol (PaUDT), applied to Iot-Cloud computing. Furthermore, we compared the efficiency of the congestion control algorithm of UDT with the Adobe’s Secure Real-Time Media Flow Protocol (RTMFP), based on UDP completely at the transport layer. At last, we built an evaluation model of UDT in RTT and bit error ratio which describes the performance. The theoretical analysis and experiment result have shown that UDT has good performance in IoT-Cloud computing.

scholarly journals Analysis of requirements for modern spacecraft onboard network protocols

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Valentin Olenev
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Communication Protocols ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Network Layers ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Space Networks ◽  
User Data

Introduction: New technologies are replacing the onboard space networks based on bus topologies. One of these technologies is SpaceWire. New communication protocols are being developed, expanding SpaceWire functionality. The protocol developers should provide all the required technical characteristics for data transmission and processing. Purpose: Analysis of the existing requirements for communication protocols, and development of consolidated set of requirements that will take into account the modern requests of the space industry. Results: The analysis of the existing demands on communication protocols resulted in a set of consolidated requirements for the physical-network layers’ protocols and the transport layer protocols. The requirements cover the speed, latencies, transmission distance, transmitted information amount, fault detection functionality, time synchronization between the devices, quality of service, main user data types, and data transfer modes at the transport level. The existing SpaceWire protocols are defined as a special class of protocols, possessing unique characteristics. Practical relevance: The performed analysis can simplify the implementation of new onboard communication protocols and provide a required level of technique for new generation spacecraft.

scholarly journals A Practical Evaluation on RSA and ECC-Based Cipher Suites for IoT High-Security Energy-Efficient Fog and Mist Computing Devices

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Suárez-Albela ◽  
Paula Fraga-Lamas ◽  
Tiago Fernández-Caramés
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Data Throughput ◽  
High Security ◽  
On Chip

The latest Internet of Things (IoT) edge-centric architectures allow for unburdening higher layers from part of their computational and data processing requirements. In the specific case of fog computing systems, they reduce greatly the requirements of cloud-centric systems by processing in fog gateways part of the data generated by end devices, thus providing services that were previously offered by a remote cloud. Thanks to recent advances in System-on-Chip (SoC) energy efficiency, it is currently possible to create IoT end devices with enough computational power to process the data generated by their sensors and actuators while providing complex services, which in recent years derived into the development of the mist computing paradigm. To allow mist computing nodes to provide the previously mentioned benefits and guarantee the same level of security as in other architectures, end-to-end standard security mechanisms need to be implemented. In this paper, a high-security energy-efficient fog and mist computing architecture and a testbed are presented and evaluated. The testbed makes use of Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.2 Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) cipher suites (that comply with the yet to come TLS 1.3 standard requirements), which are evaluated and compared in terms of energy consumption and data throughput for a fog gateway and two mist end devices. The obtained results allow a conclusion that ECC outperforms RSA in both energy consumption and data throughput for all the tested security levels. Moreover, the importance of selecting a proper ECC curve is demonstrated, showing that, for the tested devices, some curves present worse energy consumption and data throughput than other curves that provide a higher security level. As a result, this article not only presents a novel mist computing testbed, but also provides guidelines for future researchers to find out efficient and secure implementations for advanced IoT devices.

scholarly journals HIBAF: A data security scheme for fog computing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Md Whaiduzzaman ◽  
Nishat Farjana ◽  
Alistair Barros ◽  
Md. Julkar Nayeen Mahi ◽  
Md. Shahriare Satu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Security Scheme ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Secure Data ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Encryption Decryption

Fog computing complemented cloud computing integration services in the Internet of Things (IoT) and the web of real-time interactivity. Fog offers faster computing and other services facilities sitting close to user applications. However, secure data transfer in the fog is still a challenging issue requiring attention and efficient deployment of a secure data security scheme. We present an Identity Based Encryption (IBE) scheme to secure data security and transmission in fog clouds and IoT ecosystems. We devise and develop a four-level Hierarchical Identity Based Architecture for Fog Computing (HIBAF) data security scheme to enhance data security. We also analyze the system’s performance regarding response time, CPU utilization, run-time encryption-decryption, and key generation time in the fog computing paradigm to an increasing number of users data-loads. Moreover, we evaluate our scheme and compare the outcomes with different cryptography structures to discern our scheme’s effectiveness. Furthermore, we also evaluate secret key updating time, re-encrypted key updating time, and file revoking time by launching DDoS attacks both in the cloud and fog computing environment to compare improvements of HIBAF in the fog computing paradigm. Finally, through this overall evaluation, we have found that the developed HIBAF scheme provides a 33% performance enhancement in a fog environment in terms of data processing, provision, and management compared to the cloud environment.

Simulation and Emulation Tools for Fog Computing

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simar Preet Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Anju Sharma ◽  
S. Raji Reddy ◽  
Priyanka Vashisht
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Quality Of Service Parameters ◽  
User Friendly

Background: Fog computing paradigm has recently emerged and gained higher attention in present era of Internet of Things. The growth of large number of devices all around, leads to the situation of flow of packets everywhere on the Internet. To overcome this situation and to provide computations at network edge, fog computing is the need of present time that enhances traffic management and avoids critical situations of jam, congestion etc. Methods: For research purposes, there are many methods to implement the scenarios of fog computing i.e. real-time implementation, implementation using emulators, implementation using simulators etc. The present study aims to describe the various simulation and emulation tools for implementing fog computing scenarios. Results: Review shows that iFogSim is the simulator that most of the researchers use in their research work. Among emulators, EmuFog is being used at higher pace than other available emulators. This might be due to ease of implementation and user-friendly nature of these tools and language these tools are based upon. The use of such tools enhance better research experience and leads to improved quality of service parameters (like bandwidth, network, security etc.). Conclusion: There are many fog computing simulators/emulators based on many different platforms that uses different programming languages. The paper concludes that the two main simulation and emulation tools in the area of fog computing are iFogSim and EmuFog. Accessibility of these simulation/emulation tools enhance better research experience and leads to improved quality of service parameters along with the ease of their usage.

scholarly journals Goals and measures for analyzing power consumption data in manufacturing enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Sören Henning ◽  
Wilhelm Hasselbring ◽  
Heinz Burmester ◽  
Armin Möbius ◽  
Maik Wojcieszak
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Analyzing Power

AbstractThe Internet of Things adoption in the manufacturing industry allows enterprises to monitor their electrical power consumption in real time and at machine level. In this paper, we follow up on such emerging opportunities for data acquisition and show that analyzing power consumption in manufacturing enterprises can serve a variety of purposes. In two industrial pilot cases, we discuss how analyzing power consumption data can serve the goals reporting, optimization, fault detection, and predictive maintenance. Accompanied by a literature review, we propose to implement the measures real-time data processing, multi-level monitoring, temporal aggregation, correlation, anomaly detection, forecasting, visualization, and alerting in software to tackle these goals. In a pilot implementation of a power consumption analytics platform, we show how our proposed measures can be implemented with a microservice-based architecture, stream processing techniques, and the fog computing paradigm. We provide the implementations as open source as well as a public show case allowing to reproduce and extend our research.

scholarly journals Method for Dynamic Service Orchestration in Fog Computing

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1796
Author(s):  
Nerijus Morkevicius ◽  
Algimantas Venčkauskas ◽  
Nerijus Šatkauskas ◽  
Jevgenijus Toldinas
Keyword(s):  
Fog Computing ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Service Orchestration ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
System A ◽  
Service Distribution ◽  
Judgment Matrix ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Application Specific ◽  
Constrained Devices

Fog computing is meant to deal with the problems which cloud computing cannot solve alone. As the fog is closer to a user, it can improve some very important QoS characteristics, such as a latency and availability. One of the challenges in the fog architecture is heterogeneous constrained devices and the dynamic nature of the end devices, which requires a dynamic service orchestration to provide an efficient service placement inside the fog nodes. An optimization method is needed to ensure the required level of QoS while requiring minimal resources from fog and end devices, thus ensuring the longest lifecycle of the whole IoT system. A two-stage multi-objective optimization method to find the best placement of services among available fog nodes is presented in this paper. A Pareto set of non-dominated possible service distributions is found using the integer multi-objective particle swarm optimization method. Then, the analytical hierarchy process is used to choose the best service distribution according to the application-specific judgment matrix. An illustrative scenario with experimental results is presented to demonstrate characteristics of the proposed method.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document