Background Point Filtering of Low-Channel Infrastructure-Based LiDAR Data Using a Slice-Based Projection Filtering Algorithm

A light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor can obtain richer and more detailed traffic flow information than traditional traffic detectors, which could be valuable data input for various novel intelligent transportation applications. However, the point cloud generated by LiDAR scanning not only includes road user points but also other surrounding object points. It is necessary to remove the worthless points from the point cloud by using a suitable background filtering algorithm to accelerate the micro-level traffic data extraction. This paper presents a background point filtering algorithm using a slice-based projection filtering (SPF) method. First, a 3-D point cloud is projected to 2-D polar coordinates to reduce the point data dimensions and improve the processing efficiency. Then, the point cloud is classified into four categories in a slice unit: Valuable object points (VOPs), worthless object points (WOPs), abnormal ground points (AGPs), and normal ground points (NGPs). Based on the point cloud classification results, the traffic objects (pedestrians and vehicles) and their surrounding information can be easily identified from an individual frame of the point cloud. We proposed an artificial neuron network (ANN)-based model to improve the adaptability of the algorithm in dealing with the road gradient and LiDAR-employing inclination. The experimental results showed that the algorithm of this paper successfully extracted the valuable points, such as road users and curbstones. Compared to the random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm and 3-D density-statistic-filtering (3-D-DSF) algorithm, the proposed algorithm in this paper demonstrated better performance in terms of the run-time and background filtering accuracy.

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An Automatic Collision Avoidance System Based on LiDAR

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.952 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 644-650 ◽

pp. 952-956 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hao Yang ◽

An Qing You ◽

Wen Wu Pan ◽

Hai Long Tang

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Collision Avoidance ◽

Point Cloud ◽

Gps Data ◽

3D Point Cloud ◽

The Road ◽

3D Engine ◽

Collision Avoidance System

For vehicle-borne LiDAR, a mathematical model is built for the computation and reconstruction of laser point cloud with the scanning data, GPS data and IMU data. 3D point cloud of the road and the scenery on the both sides of the road is obtained. Then according to the trajectory of the vehicle, 3D roaming for the scenery on the both sides of the road is realized using OpenGL 3D engine technology. This technology provides a probably feasible way for anti-collision of vehicles and aircrafts when driven at night, in the heavy fog or flying between the mountains.

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Determining Minimum Contract Time for Highway Projects

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/1712-23 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 1712 (1) ◽

pp. 196-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jin-Fang Shr ◽

Benjamin P. Thompson ◽

Jeffrey S. Russell ◽

Bin Ran ◽

H. Ping Tserng

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Road User ◽

User Cost ◽

Time Curve ◽

Highway Projects ◽

The Road ◽

State Highway ◽

Florida Department ◽

The Cost ◽

State Highway Agencies

An increasing number of state highway agencies (SHAs) are using A (cost) + B (time cost) bidding ( A + B bidding) for highway construction. The A + B bidding concept is designed to shorten the total contract time by allowing each contractor to bid the number of days in which the work can be accomplished, in addition to the traditional cost bid. The SHA is then presented with the problem of determining a reasonable range of contract time submitted by the bidders. Most SHAs do not currently restrict the range of B. However, several problems may arise from an unrestricted range of B. First, if no minimum is set for B, a bidder may inflate the cost bid and submit an unreasonably low B, using the excess cost bid to cover the disincentives charged for exceeding the time bid. Second, if no maximum is set for B, then a bidder with a high B and a low-cost bid may be awarded the job and make an unreasonable amount of money from incentive payments. This study develops a quantified model of the price-time bidding contract. A construction cost-versus-time curve is developed from Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) data. The contractor’s price-versus-time curve is then combined with the road-user cost to determine the optimum lower limit to be set on B. Finally, several projects completed by the Florida DOT will be used to illustrate this model.

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Report on design of modules for the stochastic traffic simulation

10.26128/2021.245 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christian Siebke ◽

◽

Maximilian Bäumler ◽

Madlen Ringhand ◽

Marcus Mai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traffic Flow ◽

Main Part ◽

Traffic Simulation ◽

Cognitive Structure ◽

Flow Simulation ◽

Road User ◽

The Road ◽

Traffic Flow Simulation ◽

Cognitive Behaviour ◽

Traffic Simulations

As part of the AutoDrive project, OpenPASS is used to develop a cognitive-stochastic traffic flow simulation for urban intersection scenarios described in deliverable D1.14. The deliverable D4.20 is about the design of the modules for the stochastic traffic simulation. This initially includes an examination of the existing traffic simulations described in chapter 2. Subsequently, the underlying tasks of the driver when crossing an intersection are explained. The main part contains the design of the cognitive structure of the road user (chapter 4.2) and the development of the cognitive behaviour modules (chapter 4.3).

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ROAD SAFETY CAMPAIGNS TO REDUCE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS FOR YOUNG ROAD USERS

ICCD ◽

10.33068/iccd.vol2.iss1.278 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 601-606

Author(s):

Widodo Budi Dermawan ◽

Dewi Nusraningrum

Keyword(s):

School Environment ◽

Road Safety ◽

Traffic Accident ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

School Administrators ◽

Road User ◽

The Road ◽

Road Users ◽

Accident Data

Every year we lose many young road users in road traffic accidents. Based on traffic accident data issued by the Indonesian National Police in 2017, the number of casualties was highest in the age group 15-19, with 3,496 minor injuries, 400 seriously injured and 535 deaths. This condition is very alarming considering that student as the nation's next generation lose their future due to the accidents. This figure does not include other traffic violations, not having a driver license, not wearing a helmet, driving opposite the direction, those given ticket and verbal reprimand. To reduce traffic accident for young road user, road safety campaigns were organized in many schools in Jakarta. This activity aims to socialize the road safety program to increase road safety awareness among young road users/students including the dissemination of Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. Another purpose of this program is to accompany school administrators to set up a School Safe Zone (ZoSS), a location on particular roads in the school environment that are time-based speed zone to set the speed of the vehicle. The purpose of this paper is to promote the road safety campaigns strategies by considering various campaign tools.

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KAJIAN KINERJA PERSIMPANGAN TIDAK BERSINYAL (STUDI KASUS : PERSIMPANGAN TIGA GADUT, JALAN RAYA INDARUNG – BANDAR BUAT, KOTA PADANG)

Rang Teknik Journal ◽

10.31869/rtj.v2i2.1183 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eko Prayitno ◽

Veronika Veronika

Keyword(s):

Traffic Flow ◽

Environmental Data ◽

Degree Of Saturation ◽

Road User ◽

Total Delay ◽

The Road ◽

Traffic Conditions ◽

Road Capacity ◽

Side Friction Factor ◽

Side Friction

The highway is one of the infrastructure for the smooth traffic. One part of the road that are considered necessary to be analyzed and evaluated is an intersection. Three Gadut intersection is non signalized intersection. The traffic flow is quite dense, and lack of discipline of road user factors competing space to pass the crossing, resulting in congestion is very influential on traffic conditions at peak hours in the morning, afternoon and evening. Prior to conducting the survey, the first to do is survey the condition of the intersection that includes geometric characteristics and traffic volume. From the analysis of environmental data, side friction factor to the junction of three Gadut is the criteria being. Rated capacity (C) the smallest is 3706.3 smp/hour, the degree of saturation of 1.1 smp/hour. This value is over the limit permitted values manually indonesian road capacity of 0.8 to 0.9 (1.1> 0.9), it is concluded that the traffic flow is the crossroads of three Gadut saturated traffic flow. The queue probability value between 128.8% - 157.4% with a total delay largest average 11.57 seconds/smp. It is concluded that the chances of a queue at the intersection of three Gadut very large, so it could cause congestion.

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Exploring the Informal Communication of Driver-to-Driver on Roads: A Case Study of Durban City, South Africa.

Put i saobraćaj ◽

10.31075/pis.67.04.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Jacob Adedayo Adedeji ◽

Xoliswa Feikie

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Traffic Safety ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Road User ◽

Novice Drivers ◽

The Road ◽

Road Users ◽

Hand Signal ◽

On The Road

Road traffic fatality is rated as one of the ten causes of death in the world and with various preventive measures on a global level, this prediction is only placed on flat terrain and didn’t reduce. Nevertheless, road users’ communication is an essential key to traffic safety. This communication, be it formal or informal between the road users is an important factor for smooth traffic flow and safety. Communication language on roads can be categorized into; formal device-based signal (formal signal), formal hand signal (formal signal), informal device-based signal (informal signal), and informal gesture-based signal (everyday signal). However, if the intent of the message conveys is not properly understood by the other road user, mistakes and errors may set in. Overall, the formal signal is based on explicit learning which occurs during the driving training and the license testing process and the informal, implicit learning occur during the actual driving process on the road unintentionally. Furthermore, since the informal signal is not a prerequisite to driving or taught in driving schools, novice drivers are clueless and thus, might have contributed to errors and mistakes which leads to traffic fatalities. Therefore, this study seeks to document the informal means of communication between drivers on South African roads. Consequently, a qualitative semi-structured interview questionnaire would be used in the collection of informal signals, which were predominantly used on South African roads from driving instructors and thereafter, a focus group of passengers’ car, commercial and truck drivers will be used to validate the availability and their understanding of these informal signals using a Likert-type scale for the confidence level. In conclusion, the information gathered from this study will help improve road safety and understanding of road users especially drivers on the necessity of communication and possible adaptation for other developing countries.

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AUTOMATIC ROAD SIGN INVENTORY USING MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEMS

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b3-717-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol XLI-B3 ◽

pp. 717-723 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Soilán ◽

B. Riveiro ◽

J. Martínez-Sánchez ◽

P. Arias

Keyword(s):

Point Cloud ◽

Road Network ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Maintenance Planning ◽

Mobile Mapping ◽

The Road ◽

Road Signs ◽

Road Sign ◽

Mobile Mapping Systems ◽

Mapping Systems

The periodic inspection of certain infrastructure features plays a key role for road network safety and preservation, and for developing optimal maintenance planning that minimize the life-cycle cost of the inspected features. Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS) use laser scanner technology in order to collect dense and precise three-dimensional point clouds that gather both geometric and radiometric information of the road network. Furthermore, time-stamped RGB imagery that is synchronized with the MMS trajectory is also available. In this paper a methodology for the automatic detection and classification of road signs from point cloud and imagery data provided by a LYNX Mobile Mapper System is presented. First, road signs are detected in the point cloud. Subsequently, the inventory is enriched with geometrical and contextual data such as orientation or distance to the trajectory. Finally, semantic content is given to the detected road signs. As point cloud resolution is insufficient, RGB imagery is used projecting the 3D points in the corresponding images and analysing the RGB data within the bounding box defined by the projected points. The methodology was tested in urban and road environments in Spain, obtaining global recall results greater than 95%, and F-score greater than 90%. In this way, inventory data is obtained in a fast, reliable manner, and it can be applied to improve the maintenance planning of the road network, or to feed a Spatial Information System (SIS), thus, road sign information can be available to be used in a Smart City context.

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Persepsi Perubahan Aspek Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Lingkungan Terhadap Keberadaan Jalan Tol Layang AP Pettarani

PENA TEKNIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik ◽

10.51557/pt_jiit.v6i2.658 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Lambang Basri Said ◽

Ilham Syafei ◽

Watono Watono ◽

Fadel Muhammad Anis ◽

Muhammad Yusuf Al Makassari

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

Social Economic ◽

Road User ◽

The Road ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Toll Road ◽

National Economic ◽

Written Form ◽

Ujung Pandang ◽

Relationship Of

Keberadaan Jalan Tol Layang AP Pettarani sebagai bagian dari Jalan Tol Ujung Pandang, sangat diharapkan menjadi salah satu solusi transportasi darat sebagai angkutan logistik penunjang pertumbuhan ekonomi secara nasional, khususnya dalam rangka mengatasi kemacetan serta mendukung mobilitas barang dan jasa di Kota Makassar. Perubahan sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan tersebut merupakan pengaruh yang ditimbulkan atau kemungkinan besar akan terjadi, yang menyangkut keadaan sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan masyarakat pengguna jalan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis seberapa besar persepsi perubahan aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkunganmasyarakat pengguna jalanterhadap keberadaan jalan tol layang AP Pettarani. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data subyek. Data kuesioner yang digunakan adalah dari hasil jawaban responden atas pertanyaan yang diajukan penulis kepada responden dalam bentuk tulisan. Adapun untuk mengetahui hubungan variabel-variabel yang mempunyai hubungan, maka dilakukan pengujian hipotesis dengan perhitungan statistik. Untuk penganalisisan data digunakan SPSS versi 21.00 dalam model dan pengkajian hipotesis. Berdasarkan dari hasil kuesioner maka didapatkan variabel-variabel mana saja yang mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap keberadaan jalan tol layang AP Pettarani.The existence of the AP Pettarani Flyover Toll Road as part of the Ujung Pandang Toll Road, is expected to be one of the land transportation solutions as a logistical transportation to support national economic growth, especially in the context of overcoming congestion and supporting the mobility of goods and services in Makassar City. These social, economic, and environmental changes are the effects that are caused or will most likely occur, which involve the social, economic, and environmental conditions of road user communities. This study aims to analyze how much the perception of changes in social, economic, and environmental aspects of the road user community to the existence of the AP Pettarani flyover. The type of data used in this study is subject data. Questionnaire data used are the results of respondents' answers to questions raised by the author to respondents in written form. As for knowing the relationship of the variables that have a relationship, then testing the hypothesis with statistical calculations. For analyzing data SPSS version 21.00 is used in the model and hypothesis assessment. Based on the results of the questionnaire, it is obtained which variables have a significant influence on the existence of the AP Pettarani flyover.

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