scholarly journals Hybrid Routing, Modulation, Spectrum and Core Allocation Based on Mapping Scheme

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6393
Author(s):  
Edson Rodrigues ◽  
Eduardo Cerqueira ◽  
Denis Rosário ◽  
Helder Oliveira

With the persistently growing popularity of internet traffic, telecom operators are forced to provide high-capacity, cost-efficient, and performance-adaptive connectivity solutions to fulfill the requirements and increase their returns. However, optical networks that make up the core of the Internet gradually reached physical transmission limits. In an attempt to provide new solutions emerged, the Space-Division Multiplexing Elastic Optical Network emerged as one of the best ways to deal with the network depletion. However, it is necessary to establish lightpaths using routing, modulation, spectrum, and core allocation (RMSCA) algorithms to establish connections in these networks. This article proposes a crosstalk-aware RMSCA algorithm that uses a multi-path and mapping scheme for improving resource allocation. The results show that the proposed algorithm decreases the blocking ratio by up to four orders of magnitude compared with other RMSCA algorithms in the literature.

Author(s):  
Calvin C.K. Chan

Wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network has emerged as a promising solution to support a robust and large-scale next generation optical access network. It offers high-capacity data delivery and flexible bandwidth provisioning to all subscribers, so as to meet the ever-increasing bandwidth requirements as well as the quality of service requirements of the next generation broadband access networks. The maturity and reduced cost of the WDM components available in the market are also among the major driving forces to enhance the feasibility and practicality of commercial deployment. In this chapter, the author will provide a comprehensive discussion on the basic principles and network architectures for WDM-PONs, as well as their various enabling technologies. Different feasible approaches to support the two-way transmission will be discussed. It is believed that WDM-PON is an attractive solution to realize fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) applications.


2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farman Ali ◽  
Yousaf Khan ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Gulzar Ahmad

AbstractHigh-capacity and long-haul transmission gained great significance in modern communication networks. Optical fiber communication system is good enough to face the high demand of current telecom terrific. This paper will propound the theoretical model showing nonlinear factors which degrade the transmission performances of high-capacity long-haul network. The postulatory model will be validated using simulation of key nonlinear factors such as effective area, launch power, refractive index and fiber length. The transmission performance of the high-capacity long-haul optical network would be analyzed on the basis of some key parameters such as bit error rate and signal-to-noise ratio. Mitigation of nonlinear impairments shows significant impact on transmission performances of high-capacity long-haul optical networks.


2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shippu Sachdeva ◽  
Jagjit Malhotra ◽  
Manoj Kumar

Abstract Long reach Passive optical network (LR-PON) is an attractive solution to fulfill the ever-increasing bandwidth requirements due to propelling internet applications and competent to serve distant optical network units (ONUs). Wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) PON systems experience distance and performance limiting constraint termed as Dispersion. In order to compensate dispersion effects, Fiber bragg gratings (FBGs) and Dispersion compensation fibers (DCFs) are incorporated extensively in PONs. Performance of DCF is better than FBG in terms of dispersion compensation, but it comes at the cost of 3 $/m (very expensive). Therefore, long reach ultra dense WDM-PON systems are needed with incorporation of economical and high performance DCMs. Three newly constructed hybrid DCMs are investigated such as FBG-DCF (module 1), OPC-DCF (module 2), and FBG-DCF-OPC (module 3) in WDM-PON to get optimal DCM in terms of dispersion compensation efficiency (DCE) and economical operation. As per author’s best knowledge, DCE calculations and performance enhancement with cost reduction using hybrid DCMs in ultra dense WDM-PON, is not reported so far. WDM-PON consists of 32 channels at 25 GHz channel spacing is analyzed for 300 km link distance at 10 Gbps/channel using different hybrid DCMs. It is perceived that highest DCE of 70% is given by module 3 with maximum cost reduction of 19.84%. DCE performance of three modules is as follows: Module 3 (DCE 70%), Module 1 (DCE 55%), Module 2 (DCE 45%) and cost reduction/increase from conventional module by 19.84% reduction (Module 3), 19.05% reduction (Module 1), and increase 10.5% (Module 2). Hence, Module 3 is preferred for long reach WDM-PON to get high performance with lesser cost.


Author(s):  
Oscar Jaime Ciceri Coral ◽  
Nelson Luis Saldanha Fonseca

Passive optical network (PON) is a cost-efficient access network technology to deliver broadband services. Moreover, service providers employ PONs to offer novel services. New business scenarios are, thus, envisioned in which customers owning multiple optical network units (ONUs) are connected to a single PON (multi-ONU customers). This paper proposes a dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm to guaranteed bandwidth for multi-ONU customers in Ethernet PONs (EPONs). It also introduces a bandwidth sharing algorithm to support cooperation among customers. Results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the overall throughput and quality of service provisioning.


Author(s):  
Hussein T. Mouftah ◽  
Burak Kantarci

High capacity advantage of optical networks also introduces the risk of huge data loss in case of a service interruption, even if the outage lasts a short time. Therefore, survivable and reliable design and management of optical networks is urgent. However, deployment of efficient survivability policies does not always guarantee the continuity of the service. Long failure restoration delays, multiple failures, and lack of protection resources may lead to service unavailability. Hence, connection availability arises as a design constraint, and it is defined as the probability of a connection being in the operating state at any time. Availability-constrained optical network design and availability-constrained connection provisioning are two important problems to guarantee robustness of connections in a survivable network.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-433
Author(s):  
Deepa Naik ◽  
Soumyadeb Maity ◽  
Tanmay De

Integrating Passive Optical Network (PON) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access network (WiMAX)achieves universal internet connectivity at a higher data rate. Here Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are used as the backbone. Base stations in WiMAX are connected to Optical Network Units. In this work cost, routing and resource allocation related issues in hybrid networks are investigated. Light trails are used for traffic grooming. Various network topologies are used for simulation and results are obtained, compared. and analyzed. The results confirm a lower cost solution by using hybrid networks for universal connectivity.


2017 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hejun Xuan ◽  
Yuping Wang ◽  
Zhanqi Xu ◽  
Shanshan Hao ◽  
Xiaoli Wang

Respuestas ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhon James Granada-Torres ◽  
Ana María Cárdenas-Soto ◽  
Neil Guerrero-González

ResumenEl tráfico en las redes de datos por fibra óptica ha tenido un crecimiento exponencial debido a la creciente demanda de información por parte de los usuarios finales, llevando a una saturación en la capacidad de las redes actuales. Proyectando los sistemas de transmisiones ópticos a tasas superiores a los 400 Gbps para redes de largo alcance, no será posible mantener la tecnología WDM de rejilla espectral fija de 50 GHz, la cual permite transmitir en la actualidad tasas hasta los 100 Gbps. Teniendo como limitación además del ancho espectral que ocuparía la información, la conmutación de los dispositivos para trabajar a altas frecuencias. En este contexto, surge el concepto de las redes ópticas elásticas, donde se emplea una rejilla de espectro flexible (flexi-grid) o sin rejilla (grid-less), con ancho espectral variable por canal según la demanda de ancho de banda, permitiendo una separación espectral flexible entre canales con el propósito de optimizar la eficiencia en el uso del espectro. Este artículo hace una revisión de los nuevos conceptos tecnológicos que conllevan el escenario de redes elásticas, y los posibles retos y limitaciones para el desarrollo de estas tecnologías. Recientes pruebas experimentales incorporan nuevos conceptos tecnológicos con relación a los ya comerciales sistemas de 100-G como: el diseño de transmisores multicanales, el uso de tecnologías como Nyquist-WDM y OFDM óptico flexible, receptores digitales coherentes reconfigurables, formatos de modulación m-arios e híbridos y asignación dinámica del espectro. No obstante, grandes limitantes como los efectos no lineales de la fibra óptica deben ser foco de investigación en este nuevo escenario, debido a sus efectos en la degradación de la señal. Finalmente, se muestra como las técnicas de procesamiento digital de señales desempeñarán un papel importante para lograr la reconfigurabilidad y elasticidad de las redes de alta capacidad.AbstractIn the last years, traffic on data optical networks has had an exponential growth due to the increasing demand of information by end users. This had lead to saturation of the current deployed networks in terms of capacity. Planning the optical transmission systems of long-reach to work with capacities above 400 Gbps, it will not be possible to keep the spectral fixed-grid of the WDM technology, which currently allows transmitting up to 100 Gbps. The principal limitation is due to the greater spectral bandwidth occupied by the data information and also due to the switching of electronics devices at high frequencies. In this context a new concept known as elastic optical network emerges, which proposes a flexible-grid or gridless, where the spectral width changes according to the bandwidth demand and allows optimizing the spectral efficiency with a minimum separation between adjacent channels. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of elastic optical networks, introducing new concepts and describing the challenges and the limitations in these networks. Recent experimental reports show new technological concepts related to the commercials 100-G systems such as: design of multichannels transmitters, gridless Nyquist-WDM and Optical-OFDM, reconfigurable digital coherent receivers, optical dynamic spectrum allocation and advanced modulation formats. Nevertheless, the nonlinearity effects of the optical fiber are a significant limitation that must be researched in detail in this new elastic scenario. Hence, it is shown how the digital signal processing techniques are going to play an important role in order to get high capacity in elastic and reconfigurable networksPalabras clave: Comunicaciones por Fibra Óptica, Enrutamiento, Interferencia Intercanal (ICI), Multiplexación por División de Longitud de Onda, Óptica No-Lineal, Procesamiento Digital de Señales (DSP), Redes Ópticas.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2-3 ◽  
pp. 553-558
Author(s):  
Jong Boo Eun ◽  
Gyou Tae Park ◽  
Gwang Hoon Ahn ◽  
Hie Sik Kim

It is so obvious that we have to consider factors of costs, the QoS (Quality of Service), and performance analysis for the design of an optical network. The models of Traffic and availability are significant factors for achieving the performance analysis from the initial step to deploying network. But current traffic models are solely used by a single segment. Whole networks are extended from a sing traffic model. On the other hand an availability model is just used to find the rate of hardware failures. In this paper, we implemented an availability model with regional conformance by inversely analyzing the definition of availability. Also, we computed the number of nodes and links to configure the logical topology of optical networks by using our designed availability. Furthermore, we proposed a method to design an optical network by using our novel availability model.


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