scholarly journals Imagechain—Application of Blockchain Technology for Images

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Koptyra ◽  
Marek R. Ogiela
Keyword(s):  
Basic Concept ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Block Structure ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Data Block ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
File Formats ◽  
High Level ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Embedding Methods

Imagechain is a cryptographic structure that chain digital images with hash links. The most important feature, which differentiates it from blockchain, is that the pictures are not stored inside the blocks. Instead, the block and the image are combined together in the embedding process. Therefore, the imagechain is built from standard graphic files that may be used in the same way as any other image, but additionally, each of them contains a data block that links it to a previous element of the chain. The presented solution does not require any additional files except the images themselves. It supports multiple file formats and embedding methods, which makes it portable and user-friendly. At the same time, the scheme provides a high level of security and resistance to forgery. This is achieved by hashing the whole file with embedded data, so the image cannot be altered or removed from the chain without losing integrity. This article describes the basic concept of an imagechain together with building blocks and applications. The two most important issues are embedding methods and block structure.

scholarly journals Automatic Labeled Dialogue Generation for Nursing Record Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Tittaya Mairittha ◽  
Nattaya Mairittha ◽  
Sozo Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Augmentation Techniques ◽  
Nursing Record ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Embedding Methods

The integration of digital voice assistants in nursing residences is becoming increasingly important to facilitate nursing productivity with documentation. A key idea behind this system is training natural language understanding (NLU) modules that enable the machine to classify the purpose of the user utterance (intent) and extract pieces of valuable information present in the utterance (entity). One of the main obstacles when creating robust NLU is the lack of sufficient labeled data, which generally relies on human labeling. This process is cost-intensive and time-consuming, particularly in the high-level nursing care domain, which requires abstract knowledge. In this paper, we propose an automatic dialogue labeling framework of NLU tasks, specifically for nursing record systems. First, we apply data augmentation techniques to create a collection of variant sample utterances. The individual evaluation result strongly shows a stratification rate, with regard to both fluency and accuracy in utterances. We also investigate the possibility of applying deep generative models for our augmented dataset. The preliminary character-based model based on long short-term memory (LSTM) obtains an accuracy of 90% and generates various reasonable texts with BLEU scores of 0.76. Secondly, we introduce an idea for intent and entity labeling by using feature embeddings and semantic similarity-based clustering. We also empirically evaluate different embedding methods for learning good representations that are most suitable to use with our data and clustering tasks. Experimental results show that fastText embeddings produce strong performances both for intent labeling and on entity labeling, which achieves an accuracy level of 0.79 and 0.78 f1-scores and 0.67 and 0.61 silhouette scores, respectively.

scholarly journals Towards a contemporary player learning in development framework for sports practitioners

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110023
Author(s):  
Mark O Sullivan ◽  
Carl T Woods ◽  
James Vaughan ◽  
Keith Davids
Keyword(s):  
Linear Process ◽  
Task Environment ◽  
Coach Education ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Learning Development ◽  
High Level ◽  
User Friendly

As it is appreciated that learning is a non-linear process – implying that coaching methodologies in sport should be accommodative – it is reasonable to suggest that player development pathways should also account for this non-linearity. A constraints-led approach (CLA), predicated on the theory of ecological dynamics, has been suggested as a viable framework for capturing the non-linearity of learning, development and performance in sport. The CLA articulates how skills emerge through the interaction of different constraints (task-environment-performer). However, despite its well-established theoretical roots, there are challenges to implementing it in practice. Accordingly, to help practitioners navigate such challenges, this paper proposes a user-friendly framework that demonstrates the benefits of a CLA. Specifically, to conceptualize the non-linear and individualized nature of learning, and how it can inform player development, we apply Adolph’s notion of learning IN development to explain the fundamental ideas of a CLA. We then exemplify a learning IN development framework, based on a CLA, brought to life in a high-level youth football organization. We contend that this framework can provide a novel approach for presenting the key ideas of a CLA and its powerful pedagogic concepts to practitioners at all levels, informing coach education programs, player development frameworks and learning environment designs in sport.

scholarly journals E-learning-Oriented Software Architecture Design and Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Peng Lu ◽  
Xiao Cong ◽  
Dongdai Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Software Architecture ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Application Framework ◽  
Component Library ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level

Nowadays, E-learning system has been widely applied to practical teaching. It was favored by people for its characterized course arrangement and flexible learning schedule. However, the system does have some problems in the process of application such as the functions of single software are not diversified enough to satisfy the requirements in teaching completely. In order to cater more applications in the teaching process, it is necessary to integrate functions from different systems. But the difference in developing techniques and the inflexibility in design makes it difficult to implement. The major reason of these problems is the lack of fine software architecture. In this article, we build domain model and component model of E-learning system and components integration method on the basis of WebService. And we proposed an abstract framework of E-learning which could express the semantic relationship among components and realize high level reusable on the basis of informationized teaching mode. On this foundation, we form an E-learning oriented layering software architecture contain component library layer, application framework layer and application layer. Moreover, the system contains layer division multiplexing and was not built upon developing language and tools. Under the help of the software architecture, we could build characterized E-learning system flexibly like building blocks through framework selection, component assembling and replacement. In addition, we exemplify how to build concrete E-learning system on the basis of this software architecture.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Based BCI Control of a Robotic Service Assistant Using Intelligent Goal Formulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kuhner ◽  
L.D.J. Fiederer ◽  
J. Aldinger ◽  
F. Burget ◽  
M. Völker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
User Study ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Service Robots ◽  
Referring Expressions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Neuronal Signal ◽  
High Level ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Robotic Tasks

AbstractAs autonomous service robots become more affordable and thus available for the general public, there is a growing need for user-friendly interfaces to control these systems. Control interfaces typically get more complicated with increasing complexity of the robotic tasks and the environment. Traditional control modalities as touch, speech or gesture commands are not necessarily suited for all users. While non-expert users can make the effort to familiarize themselves with a robotic system, paralyzed users may not be capable of controlling such systems even though they need robotic assistance most. In this paper, we present a novel framework, that allows these users to interact with a robotic service assistant in a closed-loop fashion, using only thoughts. The system is composed of several interacting components: non-invasive neuronal signal recording and co-adaptive deep learning which form the brain-computer interface (BCI), high-level task planning based on referring expressions, navigation and manipulation planning as well as environmental perception. We extensively evaluate the BCI in various tasks, determine the performance of the goal formulation user interface and investigate its intuitiveness in a user study. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability and robustness of the system in real world scenarios, considering fetch-and-carry tasks and tasks involving human-robot interaction. As our results show, the system is capable of adapting to frequent changes in the environment and reliably accomplishes given tasks within a reasonable amount of time. Combined with high-level planning using referring expressions and autonomous robotic systems, interesting new perspectives open up for non-invasive BCI-based human-robot interactions.

scholarly journals Governing Blocks: Building Interagency Consensus to Coordinate Humanitarian Aid

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Awan ◽  
Soheib Nunhuck
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Food Purchases ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Assistance Programme ◽  
Food Shortages

The conflict in Syria has led to one of the biggest refugee crises in history. An estimated 660,000 Syrian refugees have moved to neighbouring Jordan, many of whom are highly vulnerable to monetary poverty and food shortages. To reduce the daily inequalities faced by Syrian refugees, humanitarian agencies are progressively shifting to programmes that encourage financial inclusion and self-reliance. Operating since 2016, Building Blocks, a cash-based assistance programme created by the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), uses blockchain technology rather than traditional financial service providers to supply monetary assistance for food purchases by Syrian refugees in Jordan. Beneficiaries have their identities confirmed though iris scanning when purchasing goods at supermarkets within the camps. Following authentication, monetary assistance is provided to complete the transaction. This system benefits over 100,000 Syrian refugees registered on the UNHCR’s PRIMES database and WFP has plans to scale up the programme to include more beneficiaries. This technology assessment focuses on understanding the governance of blockchain technology in Building Blocks (if any), and on finding opportunities for WFP operating partner agencies consisting of UNHCR, UNICEF, UN Women, Oxfam and Mercy Corps, to coordinate with and join the programme. Scaling up Building Blocks will benefit refugees and displaced people by giving these individuals a semblance of normalcy in a situation of vulnerability and crises. We advise WFP to collaborate with its partners to form a blockchain humanitarian consortia governing Building Blocks to avoid duplicating efforts and to achieve their shared objectives of delivering humanitarian aid in a sustainable manner. Other recommendations include to have UNOCHA and UNHCR as data aggregator and coordinator, respectively, to grant joint access to PRIMES for non-UN operating partners, to coordinate efforts with UNHCR’s Common Cash Facility programme, to consider renewable energy sources and to build local technical capacity for women in refugee camps. The involvement of operating partners in governing technology used in such processes will ensure equity of aid delivery, resulting in a broader governance, thus reducing inequality.

scholarly journals THREE –WAY SECURITY USING IMAGE BASED AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM

2016 ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
SARIKA KHALADKAR ◽  
SARITA MALUNJKAR ◽  
POOJA SHINGOTE
Keyword(s):  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Image Authentication ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Authentication System ◽  
One Time Password ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
Brute Force Attack ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
User Friendly

Secure environments protect their resources against unauthorized access by enforcing access control mechanisms. So when increasing security is an issue text based passwords are not enough to counter such problems. The need for something more secure along with being user friendly is required. This is where Image Based Authentication (IBA) comes into play. This helps to eliminate tempest attack, shoulder attack, Brute-force attack. Using the instant messaging service available in internet, user will obtain the One Time Password (OTP) after image authentication. This OTP then can be used by user to access their personal accounts. The image based authentication method relies on the user’s ability to recognize pre-chosen categories from a grid of pictures. This paper integrates Image based authentication and HMAC based one time password to achieve high level of security in authenticating the user over the internet.

scholarly journals Integration of Blockchain Technology in IoT for High Level Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 491-497
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Distributed Network ◽  
Peer Communication ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
A Chain ◽  
High Level ◽  
Machine Communication

IoT (Internet of Things) made headway from Machine to Machine communication without human intrusion for number of machines to connect with the aid of network. There is esteem; by 2020 there will be 26 times more connected things than people. Hence, the concern of security rises along with the high installments. The BlockChain Technology takes place of all central entities, which is peer to peer communication with the distributed network. In this paper, two Arduino boards as nodes and a Raspberry Pi as server are to be configured to connect to the Wi-Fi using ESP8266(node mc). To make data transmission from the two nodes to server, integration of temperature and humidity sensor in one node and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) reader in other node is to be done. Data should be in the form of blocks and integration of data is in the form of a chain, forming it a Blockchain. All the blocks are linked in the chain manner of which the current hash of the previous block must match with the previous hash of the next block. Then only the blocks of data are secured. While receiving data every time from nodes to server, the previous hash is to be checked such that the arrival of the information is being verified to know if it’s really genuine. If the cryptographic hash does not match then data manipulation is happened. So, in this paper, we will see, along with how practically the security is highly offered by the blockchain technology and how can we easily identify if the data has been tampered along the way it reaches to us. Henceforth, we will found a way of application to secure our IoT data without any regrets in this paper.

scholarly journals BCEAD: A Blockchain-Empowered Ensemble Anomaly Detection for Wireless Sensor Network via Isolation Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xiong Yang ◽  
Yuling Chen ◽  
Xiaobin Qian ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Xiao Lv
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Block Structure ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Isolation Forest ◽  
Distributed Deployment ◽  
Internal Attacks

The distributed deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) makes the network more convenient, but it also causes more hidden security hazards that are difficult to be solved. For example, the unprotected deployment of sensors makes distributed anomaly detection systems for WSNs more vulnerable to internal attacks, and the limited computing resources of WSNs hinder the construction of a trusted environment. In recent years, the widely observed blockchain technology has shown the potential to strengthen the security of the Internet of Things. Therefore, we propose a blockchain-based ensemble anomaly detection (BCEAD), which stores the model of a typical anomaly detection algorithm (isolated forest) in the blockchain for distributed anomaly detection in WSNs. By constructing a suitable block structure and consensus mechanism, the global model for detection can iteratively update to enhance detection performance. Moreover, the blockchain guarantees the trust environment of the network, making the detection algorithm resistant to internal attacks. Finally, compared with similar schemes, in terms of performance, cost, etc., the results prove that BCEAD performs better.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document