scholarly journals Noncontact Respiratory Monitoring Using Depth Sensing Cameras: A Review of Current Literature

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Addison ◽  
Paul S. Addison ◽  
Philip Smit ◽  
Dominique Jacquel ◽  
Ulf R. Borg
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Respiratory Monitoring ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Camera Systems ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Noncontact Monitoring

There is considerable interest in the noncontact monitoring of patients as it allows for reduced restriction of patients, the avoidance of single-use consumables and less patient–clinician contact and hence the reduction of the spread of disease. A technology that has come to the fore for noncontact respiratory monitoring is that based on depth sensing camera systems. This has great potential for the monitoring of a range of respiratory information including the provision of a respiratory waveform, the calculation of respiratory rate and tidal volume (and hence minute volume). Respiratory patterns and apneas can also be observed in the signal. Here we review the ability of this method to provide accurate and clinically useful respiratory information.

scholarly journals Mechanics of Respiration in Unanesthetized Guinea Pigs

1958 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary O. Amdur ◽  
Jere Mead
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Intrapleural Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Flow ◽  
Volume Resistance

A technique has been described by which tidal volume, intrapleural pressure and rate of flow of gas in and out of the respiratory system can be measured simultaneously in unanesthetized guinea pigs for periods of several hours. These data permit the calculation of the pulmonary flow-resistance and compliance for an experimental animal with normal reflex behavior. The values obtained on 200 normal and 20 tracheotomized animals for tidal volume, respiratory rate, minute volume, resistance and compliance are given.

Pulmonary function during norepinephrine-induced calorigenesis in cold-acclimatized rats

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1213-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Evonuk ◽  
John P. Hannon
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Oxygen Extraction ◽  
Cold Acclimatization ◽  
Infusion Of Norepinephrine

The effects of cold acclimatization on pulmonary function during norepinephrine-induced calorigenesis were studied. Norepinephrine resulted in a marked increase (85%) in the pulmonary minute volume in both the warm- and cold-acclimatized rats. This increase in the warm-acclimatized rats was accomplished entirely by increasing the respiratory rate, whereas in the cold-acclimatized rats, the increase in pulmonary minute volume was achieved for the most part by increasing the tidal volume with a slight increase in respiratory rate. Cold acclimatization was associated with a greater “efficiency of oxygen extraction” before, during, and after the infusion of norepinephrine. pulmonary minute volume; respiratory rate; oxygen extraction Submitted on December 6, 1962

scholarly journals Continuous non‐contact respiratory rate and tidal volume monitoring using a Depth Sensing Camera

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Addison ◽  
Philip Smit ◽  
Dominique Jacquel ◽  
Anthony P. Addison ◽  
Cyndy Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Least Squares Fit ◽  
High Degree

AbstractThe monitoring of respiratory parameters is important across many areas of care within the hospital. Here we report on the performance of a depth-sensing camera system for the continuous non-contact monitoring of Respiratory Rate (RR) and Tidal Volume (TV), where these parameters were compared to a ventilator reference. Depth sensing data streams were acquired and processed over a series of runs on a single volunteer comprising a range of respiratory rates and tidal volumes to generate depth-based respiratory rate (RRdepth) and tidal volume (TVdepth) estimates. The bias and root mean squared difference (RMSD) accuracy between RRdepth and the ventilator reference, RRvent, across the whole data set was found to be -0.02 breaths/min and 0.51 breaths/min respectively. The least squares fit regression equation was determined to be: RRdepth = 0.96 × RRvent + 0.57 breaths/min and the resulting Pearson correlation coefficient, R, was 0.98 (p < 0.001). Correspondingly, the bias and root mean squared difference (RMSD) accuracy between TVdepth and the reference TVvent across the whole data set was found to be − 0.21 L and 0.23 L respectively. The least squares fit regression equation was determined to be: TVdepth = 0.79 × TVvent—0.01 L and the resulting Pearson correlation coefficient, R, was 0.92 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, a high degree of agreement was found between the depth-based respiration rate and its ventilator reference, indicating that RRdepth is a promising modality for the accurate non-contact respiratory rate monitoring in the clinical setting. In addition, a high degree of correlation between depth-based tidal volume and its ventilator reference was found, indicating that TVdepth may provide a useful monitor of tidal volume trending in practice. Future work should aim to further test these parameters in the clinical setting.

scholarly journals Function of the Dräger Oxylog Ventilator at High Altitude

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Thomas ◽  
J. Brimacombe
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Lung Simulator ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude ◽  
Frequent Observation

We have assessed the performance of the Dräger Oxylog ventilator at high altitude using a decompression chamber and a lung simulator set to mimic the normal and non-compliant lung. In the normal lung, tidal volume increased by 28% at 2040 metres and by 106% at 9120 metres. A lesser change, but in the opposite direction, occurred in respiratory rate. The net effect was a linear increase in minute volume with altitude. At 2040 and 9144 metres minute volume increased by 13% and by 45%, and rate decreased by 10% and 30% respectively. In the abnormal lung stimulation, similar, but slightly less marked, changes occurred in all variables. These changes are of sufficient magnitude to require frequent observation of tidal volume and respiratory rate during aircraft ascent and descent.

Unanesthetized dogs with increased respiratory dead space

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Barnett ◽  
Richard M. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Alveolar Ventilation ◽  
Physiologic Dead Space ◽  
Consistent Change ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Animal Preparation ◽  
Respiratory Dead Space

A method is described for maintaining a permanent tracheostomy in dogs. This animal preparation has been used to study the effects of artificially increased respiratory dead space. Trained dogs with tracheostomies have made possible measurements of ventilation without anesthesia. It has been found that additions to the respiratory dead space in the form of tubing of frac34 in. i.d. result in an increase in physiologic dead space of the same magnitude as the volume of tubing added. Increasing the dead space in this manner resulted in an increased minute volume which was accomplished principally by an increase in tidal volume without a significant or consistent change in respiratory rate. Alveolar ventilation remained unchanged even with large additions to the dead space (20–30 cc/kg of animal wt.). Arterial pCO2 was significantly higher in these animals than in the controls. The CO2 tension was similarly elevated when extra dead space of lesser volume (5–20 cc/kg) was allowed to remain on the dogs for more than 48 hours. Submitted on April 13, 1960

Effect of transverse acceleration on pulmonary function

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil S. Cherniack ◽  
Alvin S. Hyde ◽  
F. W. Zechman
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Respiratory Parameters

Since difficulty with respiration limits tolerance to transverse acceleration, the effect of this acceleration on different respiratory factors was tested in 15 subjects. Minute volume, respiratory rate, tidal volume, maximum breathing capacity, 0.5-second timed vital capacity and total vital capacity were measured at 3 and 5 g with the subject's trunk perpendicular to the centrifugal force and legs and knees flexed at 90 degrees. Vital capacity was reduced significantly at 3 and 5 g. Maximum breathing capacity was significantly reduced at 5 g. One-half-second timed vital capacity represented an increasing fraction of total vital capacity as acceleration increased. Minute volume and respiratory rate also increased significantly at 5 g while tidal volume was essentially unchanged. Results are obtained which indicate that the nature of the predominant respiratory defect during forward acceleration is restrictive. Of the respiratory parameters measured, vital capacity showed the greatest decrement. Submitted on April 17, 1959

scholarly journals Expired Tidal Volume and Respiratory Rate during Postnatal Stabilization of Term Newborn Infants Born by Cesarean Delivery

2020 ◽  
pp. 100063
Author(s):  
Susana Baixauli-Alacreu ◽  
Celia Padilla-Sánchez ◽  
David Hervás-Marín ◽  
Inmaculada Lara-Cantón ◽  
Alvaro Solaz-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Term Newborn

scholarly journals Infant home respiratory monitoring using pulse oximetry

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Seddon ◽  
Sonia Sobowiec-Kouman ◽  
David Wertheim
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Respiratory Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography ◽  
Current Monitoring ◽  
Inductive Plethysmography

Respiratory rate (RR) is a valuable early marker of illness in vulnerable infants, but current monitoring methods are unsuitable for sustained home use. We have demonstrated accurate measurement of RR from brief recordings of pulse oximeter plethysmogram (pleth) trace in full-term neonates in hospital. This study assessed the feasibility of this method in preterm infants during overnight recordings in the home. We collected simultaneous overnight SpO2, pleth and respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) on 24 preterm infants in the home. RR from pleth analysis was compared with RR from RIP bands; pleth quality was assessed by the presence of visible artefact. Median (range) RR from RIP and pleth were not significantly different at 42 (25–65) and 42 (25–64) breaths/min. Median (range) % of epochs rejected due to artefact was 20 (8–75) for pleth and 10 (3–53) for RIP. Our results suggest that home RR monitoring by pulse oximeter pleth signal is accurate and feasible.

STUDIES OF RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193
Author(s):  
C. D. Cook ◽  
P. J. Helliesen ◽  
L. Kulczycki ◽  
H. Barrie ◽  
L. Friedlander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Residual Capacity

Tidal volume, respiratory rate and lung volumes have been measured in 64 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas while lung compliance and resistance were measured in 42 of these. Serial studies of lung volumes were done in 43. Tidal volume was reduced and the respiratory rate increased only in the most severely ill patients. Excluding the three patients with lobectomies, residual volume and functional residual capacity were found to be significantly increased in 46 and 21%, respectively. These changes correlated well with the roentgenographic evaluation of emphysema. Vital capacity was significantly reduced in 34% while total lung capacity was, on the average, relatively unchanged. Seventy per cent of the 61 patients had a signficantly elevated RV/TLC ratio. Lung compliance was significantly reduced in only the most severely ill patients but resistance was significantly increased in 35% of the patients studied. The serial studies of lung volumes showed no consistent trends among the groups of patients in the period between studies. However, 10% of the surviving patients showed evidence of significant improvement while 15% deteriorated. [See Fig. 8. in Source Pdf.] Although there were individual discrepancies, there was a definite correlation between the clinical evaluation and tests of respiratory function, especially the changes in residual volume, the vital capacity, RV/ TLC ratio and the lung compliance and resistance.

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