scholarly journals Mechanics of Respiration in Unanesthetized Guinea Pigs

1958 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary O. Amdur ◽  
Jere Mead
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Intrapleural Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Flow ◽  
Volume Resistance

A technique has been described by which tidal volume, intrapleural pressure and rate of flow of gas in and out of the respiratory system can be measured simultaneously in unanesthetized guinea pigs for periods of several hours. These data permit the calculation of the pulmonary flow-resistance and compliance for an experimental animal with normal reflex behavior. The values obtained on 200 normal and 20 tracheotomized animals for tidal volume, respiratory rate, minute volume, resistance and compliance are given.

scholarly journals Breathing variability—implications for anaesthesiology and intensive care

Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar F. C. van den Bosch ◽  
Ricardo Alvarez-Jimenez ◽  
Harm-Jan de Grooth ◽  
Armand R. J. Girbes ◽  
Stephan A. Loer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Flow Profiles ◽  
Weaning Failure ◽  
Breathing Variability ◽  
Respiratory Variability

AbstractThe respiratory system reacts instantaneously to intrinsic and extrinsic inputs. This adaptability results in significant fluctuations in breathing parameters, such as respiratory rate, tidal volume, and inspiratory flow profiles. Breathing variability is influenced by several conditions, including sleep, various pulmonary diseases, hypoxia, and anxiety disorders. Recent studies have suggested that weaning failure during mechanical ventilation may be predicted by low respiratory variability. This review describes methods for quantifying breathing variability, summarises the conditions and comorbidities that affect breathing variability, and discusses the potential implications of breathing variability for anaesthesia and intensive care.

Pulmonary function during norepinephrine-induced calorigenesis in cold-acclimatized rats

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1213-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Evonuk ◽  
John P. Hannon
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Oxygen Extraction ◽  
Cold Acclimatization ◽  
Infusion Of Norepinephrine

The effects of cold acclimatization on pulmonary function during norepinephrine-induced calorigenesis were studied. Norepinephrine resulted in a marked increase (85%) in the pulmonary minute volume in both the warm- and cold-acclimatized rats. This increase in the warm-acclimatized rats was accomplished entirely by increasing the respiratory rate, whereas in the cold-acclimatized rats, the increase in pulmonary minute volume was achieved for the most part by increasing the tidal volume with a slight increase in respiratory rate. Cold acclimatization was associated with a greater “efficiency of oxygen extraction” before, during, and after the infusion of norepinephrine. pulmonary minute volume; respiratory rate; oxygen extraction Submitted on December 6, 1962

scholarly journals Function of the Dräger Oxylog Ventilator at High Altitude

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Thomas ◽  
J. Brimacombe
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Lung Simulator ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude ◽  
Frequent Observation

We have assessed the performance of the Dräger Oxylog ventilator at high altitude using a decompression chamber and a lung simulator set to mimic the normal and non-compliant lung. In the normal lung, tidal volume increased by 28% at 2040 metres and by 106% at 9120 metres. A lesser change, but in the opposite direction, occurred in respiratory rate. The net effect was a linear increase in minute volume with altitude. At 2040 and 9144 metres minute volume increased by 13% and by 45%, and rate decreased by 10% and 30% respectively. In the abnormal lung stimulation, similar, but slightly less marked, changes occurred in all variables. These changes are of sufficient magnitude to require frequent observation of tidal volume and respiratory rate during aircraft ascent and descent.

Unanesthetized dogs with increased respiratory dead space

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Barnett ◽  
Richard M. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Alveolar Ventilation ◽  
Physiologic Dead Space ◽  
Consistent Change ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Animal Preparation ◽  
Respiratory Dead Space

A method is described for maintaining a permanent tracheostomy in dogs. This animal preparation has been used to study the effects of artificially increased respiratory dead space. Trained dogs with tracheostomies have made possible measurements of ventilation without anesthesia. It has been found that additions to the respiratory dead space in the form of tubing of frac34 in. i.d. result in an increase in physiologic dead space of the same magnitude as the volume of tubing added. Increasing the dead space in this manner resulted in an increased minute volume which was accomplished principally by an increase in tidal volume without a significant or consistent change in respiratory rate. Alveolar ventilation remained unchanged even with large additions to the dead space (20–30 cc/kg of animal wt.). Arterial pCO2 was significantly higher in these animals than in the controls. The CO2 tension was similarly elevated when extra dead space of lesser volume (5–20 cc/kg) was allowed to remain on the dogs for more than 48 hours. Submitted on April 13, 1960

Effect of transverse acceleration on pulmonary function

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil S. Cherniack ◽  
Alvin S. Hyde ◽  
F. W. Zechman
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Respiratory Parameters

Since difficulty with respiration limits tolerance to transverse acceleration, the effect of this acceleration on different respiratory factors was tested in 15 subjects. Minute volume, respiratory rate, tidal volume, maximum breathing capacity, 0.5-second timed vital capacity and total vital capacity were measured at 3 and 5 g with the subject's trunk perpendicular to the centrifugal force and legs and knees flexed at 90 degrees. Vital capacity was reduced significantly at 3 and 5 g. Maximum breathing capacity was significantly reduced at 5 g. One-half-second timed vital capacity represented an increasing fraction of total vital capacity as acceleration increased. Minute volume and respiratory rate also increased significantly at 5 g while tidal volume was essentially unchanged. Results are obtained which indicate that the nature of the predominant respiratory defect during forward acceleration is restrictive. Of the respiratory parameters measured, vital capacity showed the greatest decrement. Submitted on April 17, 1959

scholarly journals Noncontact Respiratory Monitoring Using Depth Sensing Cameras: A Review of Current Literature

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Addison ◽  
Paul S. Addison ◽  
Philip Smit ◽  
Dominique Jacquel ◽  
Ulf R. Borg
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Respiratory Monitoring ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Camera Systems ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Noncontact Monitoring

There is considerable interest in the noncontact monitoring of patients as it allows for reduced restriction of patients, the avoidance of single-use consumables and less patient–clinician contact and hence the reduction of the spread of disease. A technology that has come to the fore for noncontact respiratory monitoring is that based on depth sensing camera systems. This has great potential for the monitoring of a range of respiratory information including the provision of a respiratory waveform, the calculation of respiratory rate and tidal volume (and hence minute volume). Respiratory patterns and apneas can also be observed in the signal. Here we review the ability of this method to provide accurate and clinically useful respiratory information.

scholarly journals Expired Tidal Volume and Respiratory Rate during Postnatal Stabilization of Term Newborn Infants Born by Cesarean Delivery

2020 ◽  
pp. 100063
Author(s):  
Susana Baixauli-Alacreu ◽  
Celia Padilla-Sánchez ◽  
David Hervás-Marín ◽  
Inmaculada Lara-Cantón ◽  
Alvaro Solaz-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Term Newborn

STUDIES OF RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193
Author(s):  
C. D. Cook ◽  
P. J. Helliesen ◽  
L. Kulczycki ◽  
H. Barrie ◽  
L. Friedlander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Residual Capacity

Tidal volume, respiratory rate and lung volumes have been measured in 64 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas while lung compliance and resistance were measured in 42 of these. Serial studies of lung volumes were done in 43. Tidal volume was reduced and the respiratory rate increased only in the most severely ill patients. Excluding the three patients with lobectomies, residual volume and functional residual capacity were found to be significantly increased in 46 and 21%, respectively. These changes correlated well with the roentgenographic evaluation of emphysema. Vital capacity was significantly reduced in 34% while total lung capacity was, on the average, relatively unchanged. Seventy per cent of the 61 patients had a signficantly elevated RV/TLC ratio. Lung compliance was significantly reduced in only the most severely ill patients but resistance was significantly increased in 35% of the patients studied. The serial studies of lung volumes showed no consistent trends among the groups of patients in the period between studies. However, 10% of the surviving patients showed evidence of significant improvement while 15% deteriorated. [See Fig. 8. in Source Pdf.] Although there were individual discrepancies, there was a definite correlation between the clinical evaluation and tests of respiratory function, especially the changes in residual volume, the vital capacity, RV/ TLC ratio and the lung compliance and resistance.

Comparative studies of the functioning of the respiratory system in children in conditions of health institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Alena Anatolievna Antonova ◽  
Galina Aleksandrovna Yamanova
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Child Population ◽  
Respiratory Minute Volume ◽  
Student’S T

Summer health camp is a seasonal preventive institution for recreation, preservation and strengthening of the health of children and adolescents, which allows you to cover a large contingent of the child population with health-improving activities. The article presents the dynamics of the functional indicators of the respiratory system in children and adolescents who were in a summer health camp. On the basis of the children’s health camp «Young railroad worker» and the camp on the basis of a secondary educational school, research was carried out, in which children aged 7–10 years took part. Respiratory function was measured using a spirometer. The data obtained were analyzed using generally accepted methods of mathematical statistics. To identify the level of significance of differences, we used Student’s t-test.In children with round-the-clock stay in the camp, there is a statistically significant increase in Lung Capacity by 101.97 ml and a daytime stay — by 80.55 ml. At the end of the shift, summer health-improving recreation led to an increase in the indicators of the Respiratory Minute Volume (at the time of arrival, the Respiratory Minute Volume indicator in children 7–10 years old was 3,71 ± 1,03 l/min, and at the end 4,31 ± 1,88 l/min with round-the-clock stay; 3,65 ± 1,04 l/min and 4,1 ± 1,54 l/min with a daytime stay) due to an increase in Tidal Volume, which indicates a favorable respiratory response.The results of the functional study revealed an increase in the reserve capacity of the respiratory organs, which indicates the positive effect of the camp on the child’s body.The results obtained in the study of the functional state of respiration will make it possible to determine the directions and forms of organization of medical care in order to prevent deviations in the state of health. These results can serve as a basis for further in-depth research in summer camps of various types and the development of control measures and means of strengthening and maintaining the health of children. Thus, summer health camps are an effective measure of recreation and preservation, strengthening the health of the child population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document